scholarly journals Cognitive Defusion as Strategy to Reduce the Intensity of Craving Episodes and Improve Eating Behavior

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo ◽  
Felisa González
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Cognitive Defusion ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Motivational Process

Abstract The elaborated intrusion theory of desire proposes that craving is a cognitive motivational process involving intrusive thoughts. Changing the way we react to them, cognitive defusion (CD), should limit thought elaboration and craving. We induced chocolate craving in female chocolate cravers before CD (Study 1). A decrease in craving measured by a single-item scale, Visual Analogical Scale (VAS; p < .001, ηp2 = .449) and as a state, State Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-S; p = .029, ηp2 = .106) were found in the experimental group, while similar results were also found in group control. The reduction in craving (VAS) in group CD correlated negatively with chocolate consumption on a bogus taste test (r = –.439, p = .036), while the correlation was positive in the case of group control (r = .429, p = .047). Food craving as a trait, measured by the Trait Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T), showed negative correlations with measures of CD and mindfulness skills (lowest r = –.313, p = .018). In Study 2 participants made use of a smartphone application implementing the CD procedure in real contexts whenever they experienced food craving. A corresponding decline in self-reported craving was found, as well as in consumption of the craved food (indulgence) compared with the control condition. Our findings indicate that CD may be a promising intervention for tackling the elaboration of intrusive thoughts and eating behavior in young female food cravers, both in a controlled laboratory environment after a cue-food exposure craving induction procedure, as well as responding to naturally occurring food cravings in real-life settings.

Effect of Heart Rate Variability on Defensive Reaction and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Chocolate Cravers

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Elisabeth Ruiz-Padial ◽  
Nieves Vera ◽  
Carmen Fernández ◽  
Lourdes Anllo-Vento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptomatology ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

The study examines the effect of heart rate variability (HRV) on the cardiac defence response (CDR) and eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. Female chocolate cravers (n = 36) and noncravers (n = 36) underwent a psychophysiological test to assess their HRV during a 5-min rest period, followed by three trials to explore the CDR, elicited by an intense white noise, during the viewing of chocolate, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. After the test, participants completed a questionnaire to measure eating disorder symptomatology. The HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR and to eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. In addition, the HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR when viewing unpleasant pictures but not to neutral or chocolate ones, across all participants. These findings support the idea that poor autonomic regulation, indexed by low HRV, plays a relevant role in food craving and uncontrolled eating behavior.

scholarly journals ECOCAPTURE@HOME: Protocol for the Remote Assessment of Apathy and Its Everyday-Life Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7824
Author(s):  
Valérie Godefroy ◽  
Richard Levy ◽  
Arabella Bouzigues ◽  
Armelle Rametti-Lacroux ◽  
Raffaella Migliaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Active Data ◽  
Personalised Treatment

Apathy, a common neuropsychiatric symptom associated with dementia, has a strong impact on patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life. However, it is still poorly understood and hard to define. The main objective of the ECOCAPTURE programme is to define a behavioural signature of apathy using an ecological approach. Within this program, ECOCAPTURE@HOME is an observational study which aims to validate a method based on new technologies for the remote monitoring of apathy in real life. For this study, we plan to recruit 60 couples: 20 patient-caregiver dyads in which patients suffer from behavioral variant Fronto-Temporal Dementia, 20 patient-caregiver dyads in which patients suffer from Alzheimer Disease and 20 healthy control couples. These dyads will be followed for 28 consecutive days via multi-sensor bracelets collecting passive data (acceleration, electrodermal activity, blood volume pulse). Active data will also be collected by questionnaires on a smartphone application. Using a pool of metrics extracted from these passive and active data, we will validate a measurement model for three behavioural markers of apathy (i.e., daytime activity, quality of sleep, and emotional arousal). The final purpose is to facilitate the follow-up and precise diagnosis of apathy, towards a personalised treatment of this condition within everyday life.

Observance gap between users: Lessons from a trial of a smartphone application for parental empowerment in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bonnot ◽  
Vladimir Adrien ◽  
Veronique Venelle ◽  
Dominique Bonneau ◽  
Fanny Gollier-Briant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Intent To Use ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BACKGROUND Conflicting data emerge from literature regarding actual use of smartphone application in medicine, some authors considering it as a breakthrough while other suggesting that real-life use is disappointing. However, digital tools are everyday more present in medicine. We developed SMARTAUTISM, a smartphone application focused on empowerment in a day to day-based help for parents having a child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) asking questions and providing a feed-back screen with simple curves. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative usage of a smartphone application by caregivers of ASD individuals. METHODS This is a prospective, longitudinal, exploratory, open study with a 6-month follow-up period of family having one child with ASD. Data are recorded longitudinally, and outcome criteria were: (i) overall filling rate, (ii) filling rate by degree of completion and by interest of users for our feed-back screen and qualitative questionnaire based on attrition. RESULTS Participants have a very high intent to use our app during the six months period (95%). However, secondary analysis shows that only 46 of subjects had constant filling rate over 50%. Interestingly, those high-profile users are characterized by higher use and satisfaction with the feed-back screen when compared to low (p<0.001) and moderate (p=0.007) users. CONCLUSIONS Real or perceived utility is an important incentive in the use of empowerment smartphone apps. CLINICALTRIAL Clinical Trial : NCT03020277 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012135

scholarly journals Versatile Dynamic Motion Generation Framework: Demonstration With a Crutch-Less Exoskeleton on Real-Life Obstacles at the Cybathlon 2020 With a Complete Paraplegic Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaiyee Huynh ◽  
Guillaume Burger ◽  
Quoc Viet Dang ◽  
Raphaël Pelgé ◽  
Guilhem Boéris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
Direct Collocation ◽  
The Stability

Lower-limb exoskeletons are a promising option to increase the mobility of persons with leg impairments in a near future. However, it is still challenging for them to ensure the necessary stability and agility to face obstacles, particularly the variety that makes the urban environment. That is why most of the lower-limb exoskeletons must be used with crutches: the stability and agility features are deferred to the patient. Clinical experience shows that the use of crutches not only leads to shoulder pain and exhaustion, but also fully occupies the hands for daily tasks. In November 2020, Wandercraft presented Atalante Evolution, the first self-stabilized and crutch-less exoskeleton, to the powered exoskeleton race of the Cybathlon 2020 Global Edition. The Cybathlon aims at promoting research and development in the field of powered assistive technology to the public, contrary to the Paralympics where only participants with unpowered assistive technology are allowed. The race is designed to represent the challenges that a person could face every day in their environment: climbing stairs, walking through rough terrain, or descending ramps. Atalante Evolution is a 12 degree-of-freedom exoskeleton capable of moving dynamically with a complete paraplegic person. The challenge of this competition is to generate and execute new dynamic motions in a short time, to achieve different tasks. In this paper, an overview of Atalante Evolution system and of our framework for dynamic trajectory generation based on the direct collocation method will be presented. Next, the flexibility and efficiency of the dynamic motion generation framework are demonstrated by our tools developed for generating the important variety of stable motions required by the competition. A smartphone application has been developed to allow the pilot to choose between different modes and to control the motion direction according to the real situation to reach a destination. The advanced mechatronic design and the active cooperation of the pilot with the device will also be highlighted. As a result, Atalante Evolution allowed the pilot to complete four out of six obstacles, without crutches. Our developments lead to stable dynamic movements of the exoskeleton, hands-free walking, more natural stand-up and turning moves, and consequently a better physical condition of the pilot after the race compared to the challengers. The versatility and good results of these developments give hope that exoskeletons will soon be able to evolve in challenging everyday-life environments, allowing patients to live a normal life in complete autonomy.

Abstract 350: Impact on Knowledge Retention on CPR Using a Smartphone App in Teenagers

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe M Crepaldi ◽  
Miguel A Moretti ◽  
Bárbara G Maya ◽  
Beatriz G Magnoni ◽  
Giane P Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Retention Of Knowledge ◽  
Age And Sex

Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs more frequently outside the hospital, often in the presence of a teenager. Studies show that knowledge retention of basic procedures in CPR tends to decrease with time. Hypothesis: To evaluate the contribution to learning and retention of CPR techniques using a smartphone application (APP) Ressuscita. Methods: An application was developed to assist the training of CPR maneuvers. One group of students (gAPP) was trained according to the BLS principles along with the App (which was installed on the smartphones) and the group control (gCT) received the same training, without the APP. Both groups were evaluated at 3 moments, immediately after the first training (T0), 3 months (T3m) and 6 months later (T6m). Theoretical and practical evaluations were performed. After the 3-month, the gCT was received the APP (they were also able to keep the APP). The groups were matched for age and sex. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and treated as mean values and standard deviation. Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test and t test were used. Results: 93 teenagers were trained, with a mean age of 14 years, 49 in gAPP and 44 in gCT. The graphics show that they were homogeneous and at the end of the training presented the same grade profile in the theoretical and practical evaluation. After 3 months, the gAPP had a better knowledge and retention profile. In the practical evaluation the gAPP demonstrated a smaller reduction in score compared to those with gCT: 0.1 + 0.2 steps vs. 2.1 + 0.3 steps (p <0.001). After six months, the groups returned to the same profile of knowledge and retention. Detailing the practical evaluation, the practical skills were the most improved with the application. Conclusion: There was greater retention of knowledge, especially skills, in relation to CPR maneuvers in individuals trained with the app.

Control Engineering at High Schools and Universities

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Shirokolobov ◽  
Sergey Filippov ◽  
Roman Luchin ◽  
Kirill Ovchinnikov ◽  
Alexander Fradkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Real Life ◽  
State University ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Target Interception ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Testing Group

The joint project of St. Petersburg State University and St. Petersburg Phys & Math Lyceum 239 “Cyberphysical laboratory” has started in 2008. As a result of the project the technique of teaching the elements of the control theory at school has been developed. Using the simple devices on the basis of Lego Mindstorms NXT, students of elementary school have started to master a science currently accessible only to high school or university students. In the first part of the chapter some ideas and recent findings of the project are described. In the second part of the chapter the testbed for studying and testing group control algorithms is presented. The main components and the basic principles of the testbed are described. Algorithms for target interception combined with collision avoidance are discussed and two different solutions are given. A comparison between real-life experiments and computer modeling is included.

scholarly journals Video-based smartphone app (‘VIDEA bewegt’) for physical activity support in German adults: a study protocol for a single-armed observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e034027
Author(s):  
Tillmann Fischer ◽  
Paul Stumpf ◽  
Gesine Reinhardt ◽  
Peter E H Schwarz ◽  
Patrick Timpel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionInsufficient physical activity is one of the most important risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Physical activity should therefore be intensively promoted in all age groups. Several trials suggest that it can be effectively increased through smartphone interventions.However, few of the smartphone-interventions available on the market have been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, the described study aims to assess the short-term and long-term effects of the smartphone intervention ‘VIDEA bewegt’ to increase physical activity. The trial is designed as a single-armed observational trial to assess effects under real-life conditions.Methods and analysisThe intervention consists of the smartphone-application ‘VIDEA bewegt’, which is a video-based preventative programme to improve physical activity in everyday life. The application contains several features and components including educational videos, documentation of activity and motivational exercises. A sample size of at least 106 participants is aimed for.The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of the application on physical activity in German adults. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the self-efficacy, health-related quality of life and usability of ‘VIDEA bewegt’.Data collection is based on online questionnaires, as well as system-internal recorded data.Changes of outcomes from baseline to programme completion and follow-up will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of the Technical University Dresden approved the study on 25 May 2019 (EK 272062019). All data are processed anonymously and stored on servers only accessible by authorised personnel. The results of the study and the results of the usability test are aimed to be published in a scientific journal.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00017392).

scholarly journals Concept, Possibilities and Pilot-Testing of a New Smartphone Application for the Social and Life Sciences to Study Human Behavior Including Validation Data from Personality Psychology

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Harald Baumeister ◽  
Christopher Kannen ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
Eva-Maria Meßner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the advent of the World Wide Web, the smartphone and the Internet of Things, not only society but also the sciences are rapidly changing. In particular, the social sciences can profit from these digital developments, because now scientists have the power to study real-life human behavior via smartphones and other devices connected to the Internet of Things on a large-scale level. Although this sounds easy, scientists often face the problem that no practicable solution exists to participate in such a new scientific movement, due to a lack of an interdisciplinary network. If so, the development time of a new product, such as a smartphone application to get insights into human behavior takes an enormous amount of time and resources. Given this problem, the present work presents an easy way to use a smartphone application, which can be applied by social scientists to study a large range of scientific questions. The application provides measurements of variables via tracking smartphone–use patterns, such as call behavior, application use (e.g., social media), GPS and many others. In addition, the presented Android-based smartphone application, called Insights, can also be used to administer self-report questionnaires for conducting experience sampling and to search for co-variations between smartphone usage/smartphone data and self-report data. Of importance, the present work gives a detailed overview on how to conduct a study using an application such as Insights, starting from designing the study, installing the application to analyzing the data. In the present work, server requirements and privacy issues are also discussed. Furthermore, first validation data from personality psychology are presented. Such validation data are important in establishing trust in the applied technology to track behavior. In sum, the aim of the present work is (i) to provide interested scientists a short overview on how to conduct a study with smartphone app tracking technology, (ii) to present the features of the designed smartphone application and (iii) to demonstrate its validity with a proof of concept study, hence correlating smartphone usage with personality measures.

scholarly journals Effect of a real-time feedback smartphone application (TCPRLink) on the quality of telephone-assisted CPR performed by trained laypeople in China: a manikin-based randomised controlled study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038813
Author(s):  
Xuejie Dong ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Helge Myklebust ◽  
Tonje Soraas Birkenes ◽  
Zhi-Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Off Time

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of a free smartphone application (TCPRLink) that provides real-time monitoring and audiovisual feedback on chest compressions (CC) on trained layperson telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (T-CPR) performance.DesignA manikin-based randomised controlled study.SettingThis study was conducted at a multidisciplinary university and a community centre in China.ParticipantsOne hundred and eighty-six adult participants (age 18–65 years) with T-CPR training experience were randomly assigned to the TCPRLink (n=94) and T-CPR (n=92) groups with age stratification.InterventionsWe compared the participants’ performance for 6 min of CC in a simulated T-CPR scenario both at the baseline and after 3 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the CC rate and proportion of adequate CC rate (100–120 min−1). The secondary outcomes included the proportion of participants counting the CC rhythm, time to first CC, CC depth, hands-off time and CC full-release ratio.ResultsParticipants in the TCPRLink feedback group more consistently performed CC with higher rate, both initially and 3 months later (median 111 (IQR 109–113) vs 108 (103–112) min−1, p=0.002 and 111 (109–113) vs 108 (105–112) min−1, p<0.001, respectively), with less need to count the rhythm (21.3% vs 41.3%, p=0.003% and 7% vs 22.6%, p=0.004, respectively) compared with the T-CPR group. There were no significant differences in time to the first CC, hands-off time or CC full-release ratio. Among 55–65 year group, the CC depth was deeper in the TCPRLink group than in the TCPR group (47.1±9.6 vs 38.5±8.7 mm, p=0.001 and 44.7±10.1 vs 39.3±10.8 mm, p=0.07, respectively).ConclusionsThe TCPRLink application improved T-CPR quality in trained laypersons to provide more effective CCs and lighten the load of counting out the CC with the dispatcher in a simulated T-CPR scenario. Further investigations are required to confirm this effectiveness in real-life resuscitation attempts.

A smartphone application for semi-controlled collection of objective eating behavior data from multiple subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 105485
Author(s):  
Christos Maramis ◽  
Ioannis Moulos ◽  
Ioannis Ioakimidis ◽  
Vasileios Papapanagiotou ◽  
Billy Langlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Smartphone Application
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