Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian prairies: 2012 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Scott W. Shirriff ◽  
Julia Y. Leeson ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThis report updates the incidence of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds across western Canada from the last report covering 2007 to 2011. This third round of preharvest surveys was conducted in Saskatchewan in 2014 and 2015, Manitoba in 2016, and Alberta in 2017, totaling 798 randomly selected cropped fields across 28 million ha. In addition, we screened 1,108 weed seed samples submitted by prairie growers or industry between 2012 and 2016. Of 578 fields where wild oat seed was collected, 398 (69%) had an HR biotype: 62% acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (WSSA Group 1) resistant, 34% acetolactate synthase inhibitor (Group 2) resistant, and 27% Group 1+2 resistant (vs. 41%, 12%, and 8%, respectively, in the previous second-round surveys from 2007 to 2009). The sharp increase in Group 2 resistance is the result of reliance on this site of action to manage Group 1 resistance and the resultant increased selection pressure. There are no POST options to control Group 1+2–HR wild oat in wheat or barley. The rise of Group 2 resistance in green foxtail (11% of sampled fields) and yellow foxtail (17% of Manitoba fields), which was not detected in the previous survey round, parallels the results for wild oat resistance. Various Group 2–HR populations of broadleaf weeds were confirmed, with cleavers and field pennycress being most abundant. Results of submission-sample testing reflected survey results. Although not included in this study, a postharvest survey in Alberta in 2017 indicated widespread Groups 2, 4 (dicamba), and 9 (glyphosate) resistance in kochia and Group 2 resistance in Russian thistle. These surveys bring greater awareness of HR weeds to growers and land managers at local and regional levels, and highlight the urgency to preserve herbicide susceptibility in our key economic weed species.

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in the Canadian Prairies: 2007 to 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Chris Lozinski ◽  
Scott Shirriff ◽  
Clark. A. Brenzil
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Field Area ◽  
Group 1

A late-summer survey of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds was conducted in Alberta in 2007, Manitoba in 2008, and Saskatchewan in 2009, totaling 1,000 randomly selected annually cropped fields. In addition, we screened 1,091 weed seed samples (each sample from one field) submitted by Prairie growers between 2007 and 2011. Of 677 fields where wild oat samples were collected, 298 (44%) had an HR biotype. Group 1 (acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor)-HR wild oat was confirmed in 275 fields (41%), up from 15% in previous baseline surveys (2001 to 2003). Group 2 (acetolactate synthase)-HR wild oat was found in 12% of fields (vs. 8% in 2001 to 2003). Group 8 (triallate, difenzoquat)-HR wild oat was identified in only 8% of fields (not tested in 2001 to 2003); the frequency of occurrence of group 1+2-HR wild oat was similar (8%, vs. 3% in 2001 to 2003). Group 1-HR green foxtail was found in 27% of 209 fields sampled for the weed (vs. 6% in 2001 to 2003). Group 2-HR spiny sowthistle was confirmed in all Alberta fields sampled (vs. 67% in 2001); common chickweed was found mainly in Alberta in 40% of fields (vs. 17% in 2001). Group 2-HR weed biotypes not previously detected in the baseline surveys included false cleavers mainly in Alberta (17% of fields) and Saskatchewan (21%), Powell amaranth in Manitoba (16% of fields), wild mustard (three populations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba), and wild buckwheat (one population in Alberta). No sampled weed populations across the Prairies were found to be resistant to herbicides from group 4 (synthetic auxins), group 9 (glyphosate), or group 10 (glufosinate). Based on the proportion of total field area at each site infested with HR weeds, it is estimated that 7.7 million ha (29% of annually cropped land) are infested with HR weeds (eight-fold increase from 2001 to 2003), in a total field area of 9.9 million ha (37%)—over a two-fold increase. Of 816 cases of HR wild oat identified from submitted samples, 69% were group 1-HR, 15% group 2-HR, and 16% group 1+2-HR. Additionally, there were 10 populations of group 1-HR green foxtail in Saskatchewan or Manitoba, and six populations of group 1-HR Persian darnel in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Various group 2-HR broadleaf weeds were identified, including 17 wild mustard populations mainly from Saskatchewan and 39 cleavers populations across the three Prairie provinces. Herbicide-use data from 2006 to 2010 indicated continued reliance on group 1 herbicides in cereal crops and group 2 herbicides in pulse crops.

Environmental Impact of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed, horseweed, and common ragweed were confirmed in southwestern Ontario, Canada in 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. In the western prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, GR (plus acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant) kochia was discovered in 2011. This symposium paper estimates the environmental impact (EI) of the top herbicide treatments or programs used to manage these GR weed species in the major field crops grown in each region. For each herbicide treatment, EI (per ha basis) was calculated as the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), which quantifies the relative potential risk of pesticide active ingredients on human and ecological health based on risk components to farm workers, consumers, and the environment, multiplied by the application rate (kg ai ha−1). Total EI is defined as EI (per ha basis) multiplied by the application area (i.e., land area affected by a GR weed). It was assumed that all herbicide treatments would supplement the continued usage of glyphosate because of its broad spectrum weed control. For the control of these GR weeds, most treatments contain auxinic or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. The majority of auxinic herbicide treatments result in low (EI ≤ 10) to moderate (11 to 20) EI, whereas all treatments of PPO inhibitors have low EI. Total EI of GR horseweed and kochia will generally be greater than that of giant or common ragweed because of rapid seed dispersal. For recommended herbicide treatments to control GR weeds (and herbicide-resistant weeds in general), EI data should be routinely included with cost and site of action in weed control extension publications and software, so that growers have the information needed to assess the EI of their actions.

Risk Assessment of Weed Resistance in the Canadian Prairies

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Julia Y. Leeson ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Clark A. Brenzil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Weed Resistance

Agricultural practices, other than herbicide use, can affect the rate of evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This study examined associations of farm management practices with the occurrence of herbicide (acetyl-CoA carboxylase or acetolactate synthase inhibitor)-resistant weeds, based upon a multi-year (2001 to 2003) random survey of 370 fields/growers from the Canadian Prairies. Herbicide-resistant weeds occurred in one-quarter of the surveyed fields. The primary herbicide-resistant weed species was wild oat, with lesser occurrence of green foxtail, kochia, common chickweed, spiny sowthistle, and redroot pigweed. The risk of weed resistance was greatest in fields with cereal-based rotations and least in fields with forage crops, fallow, or where three or more crop types were grown. Weed resistance risk also was greatest in conservation-tillage systems and particularly low soil disturbance no-tillage, possibly due to greater herbicide use or weed seed bank turnover. Large farms (> 400 ha) had a greater risk of weed resistance than smaller farms, although the reason for this association was unclear. The results of this study identify cropping system diversity as the foundation of proactive weed resistance management.

Nature, Occurrence, and Cost of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua) in Small-Grain Production Areas

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
David J. Kelner ◽  
Rene C. van Acker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Group 1

Surveys were conducted across the northern Great Plains of Canada in 1996 and 1997 to determine the nature and occurrence of herbicide-resistant (HR) biotypes of wild oat (Avena fatua). The surveys indicated that resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (Group 1) occurred most frequently relative to other herbicide groups. Group 1-HR wild oat occurred in over one-half of fields surveyed in each of the three prairie provinces. Of particular concern was the relatively high incidence of multiple-group resistance in wild oat in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In Saskatchewan, 18% of Group 1-HR populations were also resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors (imidazolinones), even though these herbicides were not frequently used. In Manitoba, 27% of fields surveyed had wild oat resistant to herbicides from more than one group. Four populations were resistant to all herbicides registered for use in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Depending on the nature of resistance in wild oat, alternative herbicides available for their control may substantially increase costs to the grower. The cost to growers of managing HR wild oat in Saskatchewan and Manitoba using alternative herbicides is estimated at over $4 million annually. For some HR biotypes, alternative herbicides either are not available or all have the same site of action, which restricts crop or herbicide rotation options and threatens the future sustainability of small-grain annual cropping systems where these infestations occur.

scholarly journals Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Group 1

The nature and occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat in annual crops grown in the Grassland and Parkland regions of Saskatchewan were determined in a systematic survey of fields in two townships in 1997. The survey found that over one-half of fields in both townships had populations resistant to Group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors], Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors], and/or Group 8 (e.g., triallate, difenzoquat) herbicides. Forty-three percent of fields in the Grassland township and 48% of fields in the Parkland township had Group 1-resistant (HR) wild oat; 30 and 17% of fields in the Grassland and Parkland township, respectively, had populations exhibiting Group 2 resistance, whereas about 15% of fields in both townships had Group 8-HR wild oat. Single- (Groups 1, 2, or 8) and multiple-group resistance (1, 2; 1, 8; 2, 8; 1, 2, 8) were exhibited in populations in fields in both townships. Frequency of occurrence of resistance was not generally affected by farm size. The nature of resistance in wild oat populations is more diverse, differences in distribution and abundance of HR wild oat biotypes between Grassland and Parkland regions are generally less apparent, and occurrence of resistance is more prevalent than documented previously. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, survey

Weed Resistance Monitoring in the Canadian Prairies

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Julia Y. Leeson ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Clark A. Brenzil ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Weed Resistance ◽  
Group 1

Weed resistance monitoring has been routinely conducted in the Northern Great Plains of Canada (Prairies) since the mid-1990s. Most recently, random surveys were conducted in Alberta in 2001, Manitoba in 2002, and Saskatchewan in 2003 totaling nearly 800 fields. In addition, nearly 1,300 weed seed samples were submitted by growers across the Prairies between 1996 and 2006 for resistance testing. Collected or submitted samples were screened for group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor] and/or group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor] resistance. Twenty percent of 565 sampled fields had an herbicide-resistant (HR) wild oat biotype. Most populations exhibited broad cross-resistance across various classes of group 1 or group 2 herbicides. In Manitoba, 22% of 59 fields had group 1–HR green foxtail. Group 2–HR biotypes of kochia were documented in Saskatchewan, common chickweed and spiny sowthistle in Alberta, and green foxtail and redroot pigweed in Manitoba. Across the Prairies, HR weeds are estimated to occur in fields covering an area of nearly 5 million ha. Of 1,067 wild oat seed samples submitted by growers and industry for testing between 1996 and 2006, 725 were group 1 HR, 34 group 2 HR, and 55 groups 1 and 2 HR. Of 80 submitted green foxtail samples, 26 were confirmed group 1 HR; most populations originated from southern Manitoba where the weed is most abundant. Similar to the field surveys, various group 2–HR biotypes were confirmed among submitted samples: kochia, wild mustard, field pennycress,Galiumspp., common chickweed, and common hempnettle. Information from grower questionnaires indicates patterns of herbicide usage are related to location, changing with cropping system. Two herbicide modes of action most prone to select resistance, groups 1 and 2, continue to be widely and repeatedly used. There is little evidence that growers are aware of the level of resistance within their fields, but a majority have adopted herbicide rotations to proactively or reactively manage HR weeds.

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

Influence of Removable Denture Cleaning Agents on Adhesion of Oral Pathogenic Microflora In Vitro: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-664
Author(s):  
I.R. Volchkova ◽  
A.V. Yumashev ◽  
V.V. Borisov ◽  
V.I. Doroshina ◽  
E.A. Kristal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Removable Dental Prostheses ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adhesion Index ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Removable dentures are used by 20% of the population. These may be accompanied by denture stomatitis in 15-70% of patients. The choice of the optimal cleansing agent for removable dental prostheses is of high significance. Aim: The aim of our research was to study the influence of removable denture cleansing products on the adhesion of microorganisms and yeast. Materials and Methods: We manufactured 144 specimens of standardized round shape with a diameter of 10 mm from 4 types of modern polymeric materials used by prosthetic dentistry to produce removable dentures, 12 specimens of each material were placed into suspensions of bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, then into “ClearaSept” (Test group 1), “Рrotefix active cleanser” (Test group 2), saline solution (Control group), followed by nutrient media. The adhesion index was calculated and analyzed. Results: There was no reliable lowering of adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus to all materials detected in Test group 1 (U=6, p>0.05 for Bio XS; U=8, p>0.05 for Dental D, Denotokeep Peek, Vertex Rapid Simplified). In Test group 2, the adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus reliably decreased to all materials compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). The adhesion index of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli to all materials in Test group 1 had a minor to moderate reliable reduction compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Test group 2 showed a significant reliable decrease in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli adhesion index to all materials in comparison with the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Conclusion: The research showed an unreliable or minor and moderate reliable decrease in microorganisms adhesion index depending on the microorganism species after treatment of denture material specimens by antibacterial soap “ClearaSept” and a reliable significant decrease in microbial and yeast adhesion after application of Protefix active cleaner solution, which demonstrates a more significant antimicrobial effect in comparison to “ClearaSept” against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

Dopamine-1 receptor stimulation impairs intestinal oxygen utilization during critical hypoperfusion

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. H668-H675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Guzman ◽  
Ariosto E. Rosado ◽  
James A. Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mucosal Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Hemorrhage Control ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Group 1

Effects of a dopamine-1 (DA-1) receptor agonist on systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery (D˙o 2)-uptake relationships were studied in anesthetized dogs during sequential hemorrhage. Control ( group 1) and experimental animals ( group 2) were treated similarly except for the addition of fenoldopam (1.0 μg · kg−1 · min−1) in group 2. Both groups had comparable systemic criticalD˙o 2(D˙o 2crit), but animals in group 2 had a higher gut D˙o 2crit(1.12 ± 1.13 vs. 0.80 ± 0.09 ml · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). At the mucosal level, a clear biphasic delivery-uptake relationship was not observed in group 1; thus oxygen consumption by the mucosa may be supply dependent under physiological conditions. Group 2 demonstrated higher peak mucosal blood flow and lack of supply dependency at higher mucosalD˙o 2 levels. Fenoldopam resulted in a more conspicuous biphasic relationship at the mucosa and a rightward shift of overall splanchnic D˙o 2crit despite increased splanchnic blood flow. These findings suggest that DA-1 receptor stimulation results in increased gut perfusion heterogeneity and maldistribution of perfusion, resulting in increased susceptibility to ischemia.

Biomarkers of vascular wall damage in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. Быковская ◽  
А.А. Раскуражев ◽  
А.А. Шабалина ◽  
К.В. Антонова ◽  
М.М. Танашян
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Введение. Сосудистые осложнения сахарного диабета (СД) являются одной из ведущих причин повышения смертности пациентов трудоспособного возраста. Предполагается, что индуцированный гипергликемией окислительный стресс и нарушение антиоксидантной защиты играют роль в патологическом механизме повреждения сосудов, частично за счет влияния оксида азота (NО). Цель исследования: уточнение взаимосвязей в системах асимметричного диметиларгинина (АДМА) и NO у пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями (ЦВЗ) на фоне СД 2-го типа (СД-2). Материалы и методы. Обследованы 72 пациента с ЦВЗ со стенозирующим поражением внутренней сонной артерии вне острого периода: группу 1 составили 39 пациентов (18 мужчин и 21 женщина) с СД-2 в возрасте 65 [58; 72] лет; в группу 2 вошли 33 больных (15 мужчин и 18 женщин) без СД-2 в возрасте 66 [56; 74] лет. Контрольную группу составили 30 добровольцев (16 мужчин и 14 женщин) без проявлений церебральной ишемии и нарушений углеводного обмена, с нормальными значениями индекса массы тела, некурящие, в возрасте 62 [50; 66] лет. Проводилось клиническое обследование, нейро- и ангиовизуализационное исследование, спектр биохимических исследований крови, в том числе определение содержания АДМА и показателей системы NO. Результаты. В группе 1 содержание нитрата, нитрита и NO составило 62,1 [56; 68] мкмоль/л, 48,5 [26; 52] мкмоль/л и 13,6 [9; 23] мкмоль/л соответственно, что достоверно отличалось от значений этих показателей в группе 2 — 58,3 [45; 64] мкмоль/л, 39,6 [26,0; 42,3] мкмоль/л и 18,7 [16,1; 24,7] мкмоль/л соответственно. Отмечен также более высокий уровень AДМА в крови у пациентов с ЦВЗ в сочетании с СД-2 — 0,42 [0,21; 0,53] ммоль/л. Заключение. Обнаружена взаимосвязь между уровнями AДМА и NO при ЦВЗ на фоне СД-2. Это требует продолжения исследований биомаркеров повреждения сосудистой стенки для определения их места в патогенезе ишемических церебральных осложнений СД-2. Background. Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are one of the leading causes of increased mortality in patients of employable age. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant protection have been suggested to play a role in the pathological mechanism of vascular damage, in part due to the effects of nitric oxide (NO). Objectives: clarification of relationships in the systems of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NO in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (DM-2). Patients/Methods. We examined 72 CVD patients with stenosing lesions of the internal carotid artery outside the acute period: group 1 consisted of 39 patients (18 men and 21 women; 65 [58; 72] years old) with DM-2; group 2 consisted of 33 patients (15 men and 18 women; 66 [56; 74] years old) without DM-2. The control group consisted of 30 volunteers (16 men and 14 women; 62 [50; 66] years old) without manifestations of cerebral ischemia and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, with normal body mass index, non-smokers. A clinical examination, neuro- and angio-imaging study, a spectrum of biochemical blood tests, including the concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and indicators of NO system were carried out. Results. In group 1, the content of nitrate, nitrite and NO was 62.1 [56; 68] μmol/l, 48.5 [26; 52] μmol/l and 13.6 [9; 23] μmol/l, respectively, that significantly differed from the content of these parameters in group 2 — 58.3 [45; 64] μmol/l, 39.6 [26.0; 42.3] μmol/l and 18.7 [16.1; 24.7] μmol/l, respectively. Noted also a higher blood level of ADMA in patients with CVD combined with DM-2 — 0.42 [0.21; 0.53] mmol/l. Conclusions. A relationship was found between ADMA and NO levels in CVD patients with DM-2. This requires further studies of biomarkers of vascular wall damage to determine their place in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral complications of DM-2.

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