Scouringrush (Equisetum spp.) control in dryland winter wheat

AbstractThe adoption of chemical fallow rotations in Pacific Northwest dryland winter wheat production has caused a weed species composition shift in which scouringrush has established in production fields. Thus, there has been interest in identifying herbicides that effectively control scouringrush in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems. Field experiments were established in growers’ fields near Reardan, WA, in 2014, and The Dalles, OR, in 2015. Ten herbicide treatments were applied to mowed and nonmowed plots during chemical fallow rotations. Scouringrush stem densities were quantified the following spring and after wheat harvest at both locations. Chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester resulted in nearly 100% control of scouringrush through wheat harvest. Before herbicide application, mowing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. We conclude chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester is a commercially acceptable treatment for smooth and intermediate scouringrush control in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems; however, the lack of a positive yield response when scouringrushes were controlled should factor into management decisions.

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Management of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) in Western Oregon with Preemergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone in Winter Wheat

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00059.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 230-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Andrew G. Hulting ◽

Joseph T. Dauer ◽

Barbara Hinds-Cook ◽

Daniel Curtis ◽

Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

The United States ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Application Rates ◽

Grass Weed

Management of Italian ryegrass in cereal-based cropping systems continues to be a major production constraint in areas of the United States, including the soft white winter wheat producing regions of the Pacific Northwest. Pyroxasulfone is a soil-applied herbicide with the potential to control broadleaf and grass weed species, including grass weed biotypes resistant to group 1, 2, and 7 herbicides, in several crops for which registration has been completed or is pending, including wheat, corn, sunflower, dry bean, and soybean. Field experiments were conducted from 2006 through 2009 near Corvallis, OR, to evaluate the potential for Italian ryegrass control in winter wheat with applications of pyroxasulfone. Application rates of PRE treatments ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 kg ai ha−1. All treatments were compared to standard Italian ryegrass soil-applied herbicides used in winter wheat, including diuron, flufenacet, and flufenacet + metribuzin. Visual evaluations of Italian ryegrass and ivyleaf speedwell control and winter wheat injury were made at regular intervals following applications. Winter wheat yields were quantified at grain maturity. Ivyleaf speedwell control was variable, and Italian ryegrass control following pyroxasulfone applications ranged from 65 to 100% and was equal to control achieved with flufenacet and flufenacet + metribuzin treatments and greater than that achieved with diuron applications. Winter wheat injury from pyroxasulfone ranged from 0 to 8% and was most associated with the 0.15–kg ha−1application rate. However, this early-season injury did not negatively impact winter wheat yield. Pyroxasulfone applied at the application rates and timings in these studies resulted in high levels of activity on Italian ryegrass and excellent winter wheat safety. Based on the results, pyroxasulfone has the potential to be used as a soil-applied herbicide in winter wheat for Italian ryegrass management and its utility for management of other important grass and broadleaf weeds of cereal-based cropping systems should be evaluated.

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Rattail Fescue (Vulpia Myuros) Control in Chemical-Fallow Cropping Systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-07-031.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 435-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric D. Jemmett ◽

Donald C. Thill ◽

Traci A. Rauch ◽

Daniel A. Ball ◽

Sandra M. Frost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Effective Control ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Chemical Fallow

Rattail fescue infestations are increasing in dryland conservation-tillage winter wheat cropping systems in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Rattail fescue typically is controlled with cultivation in conventional tillage farming systems. However, reduced soil disturbance has allowed infestations to increase significantly. The objectives of this research were to determine the effectiveness of glyphosate rates and application timings on control of rattail fescue during a chemical-fallow period in winter wheat cropping systems. Chemical-fallow field studies were conducted during two growing seasons at nine sites throughout the PNW. Glyphosate was applied early POST, late POST, or sequentially in early plus late POST timings. Additionally, paraquat + diuron was applied early and late POST alone or sequentially with glyphosate. Sequential application treatments (glyphosate followed by [fb] glyphosate, paraquat + diuron fb glyphosate, and glyphosate fb paraquat + diuron) controlled rattail fescue (∼ 94% in Idaho and Washington, ∼ 74% in Oregon) and reduced panicle number (∼ 85% in Idaho, ∼ 30% in Oregon and Washington) equivalent to or greater than one-time treatments. Rattail fescue control and panicle reduction generally increased with increasing rates of glyphosate within application timings. Paraquat + diuron usually provided similar control and reduced rattail fescue panicle number compared to glyphosate treatments applied at the same application timing. Although not completely effective, sequential applications of either glyphosate or paraquat + diuron, fb glyphosate will provide effective control during chemical fallow.

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Pratylenchus neglectus Reduces Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland Cropping Systems

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-3-0263 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Stephen Machado

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Chemical Fallow ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Increasing Trends

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in low-precipitation regions of eastern Oregon and Washington is grown mostly as rainfed biennial winter wheat (10-month growing season) planted into cultivated fallow (14-month crop-free period). There are increasing trends for cultivated fallow to be replaced by chemical fallow and for spring cereals to be planted annually without tillage. Most fields are infested by the root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus or P. thornei. A replicated multiyear experiment was conducted to compare cropping systems on soil infested by P. neglectus. Populations became greater with increasing frequency of the host crops mustard, pea, and wheat. Annual winter wheat had the highest P. neglectus populations, the lowest capacity to extract soil water, and a lower grain yield compared with wheat grown biennially or rotated with other crops. Populations of P. neglectus did not differ for cultivated versus chemical fallow. Lowest populations occurred in annual spring barley. Winter wheat yield was inversely correlated with the population of P. neglectus. Measures to monitor and to reduce the population of P. neglectus in Pacific Northwest wheat fields are recommended.

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Effects of Crop Rotations and Tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the Semiarid Pacific Northwest United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-12-0788-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 537-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Stephen Machado ◽

Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽

Larry C. Pritchett ◽

Guiping Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

The Pacific ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting rainfed cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest from a 2-year rotation of winter wheat and cultivated fallow to direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food legume and brassica crops. Little information is available regarding effects of these changes on plant-parasitic nematodes. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years. Each phase of each rotation occurred each year. The density of Pratylenchus spp. was greater in cultivated than chemical fallow, became greater with increasing frequency of host crops, and was inversely associated with precipitation (R2 = 0.92, α < 0.01). Densities after harvesting mustard, spring wheat, winter wheat, and winter pea were greater (α < 0.01) than after harvesting spring barley or spring pea. Camelina also produced low densities. Winter wheat led to a greater density of Pratylenchus neglectus and spring wheat led to a greater density of P. thornei. Density of Pratylenchus spp. was correlated (R2 = 0.88, α < 0.01) but generally higher when detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracts from soil than when detected by a traditional method. Selection of different Pratylenchus spp. by different wheat cultivars or growth habit must be addressed to minimize the level of nematode risk to future plantings of intolerant crops.

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Flat-cutting loosening in the system of fallow cultivation of chernozem soil and weediness of crops

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.78-84 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

G. Koval ◽

M. Kaliyevskiy ◽

V. Yeshchenko ◽

I. Martyniuk ◽

N. Martyniuk

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Early Spring ◽

Weed Species ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Spring Crop ◽

White Campion ◽

Investigation Methods ◽

Top Soil

The article presents the results of field experiments, where on the basis of podsolized heavy loamy chernozem the influence of replacement of mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation over top soil weediness, weediness at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetation and weed species composition before harve sting were studied. Investigation methods of main fall ploughing under spring crops of five-course rotation: soybeans–rape–wheat–flax–barley at the depths of 15-17, 20-22, 25-27 cm were conducted after post-harvest field tillage. Analysis of data on contamination of the top soil with weed seeds have shown that with the replacement of fall main mouldboard ploughing gwith nonmouldboard cultivation the figure before sowing of all crops withdifferent tillage depthat crop rotation average increased by 131-132%. It caused the increase of actual weed infestation of all crops and at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetationafter different depths of fall nonmouldboard cultivation compared with ploughing at crop rotation average it was 120–132 and 123-138%respectively. Species composition of weeds afterthe replacement of main fall mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation remained mainlyunchanged; although in rape plantings the proportion of white campion and early spring weed sincreased, in wheat plantings– wild mustard andscentless mayweed, insoybean plantings– late spring weeds, in flax plantings– white campion, and in barley plantings– scarlet pimpernel.

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Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00028785 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 840-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chester L. Foy ◽

Susan B. Harrison ◽

Harold L. Witt

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Weed Species ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

One Year ◽

Broadleaf Species ◽

Old Trees ◽

Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

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Evaluation of Registered Herbicides for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00041294 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽

Thomas F. Peeper

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Bromus Secalinus ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Early Fall

Seven field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to compare efficacy and wheat response to currently registered cheat suppression or control herbicide treatments. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron premix (5:1 w/w) at 26 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cheat 20 to 61%, increased wheat grain yields at two of seven locations, and decreased dockage due to cheat at five of seven locations. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron at 21 g/ha tank-mixed with metribuzin at 210 g/ha, applied early fall POST, controlled cheat 36 to 98% and increased wheat yield at four of seven locations. Metribuzin applied POST in the fall at 420 g/ha controlled cheat 56 to 98% and increased wheat yields at five of seven locations. Both POST treatments decreased dockage at all locations.

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Dissipation and Water Activation of UCC-C4243

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500080966 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Terry R. Wright ◽

Alex G. Ogg ◽

E. Patrick Fuerst

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Natural Rainfall ◽

Near Ultraviolet ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Water Activation ◽

Herbicide Activity

Field experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine the timing and amount of rainfall required to activate UCC-C4243 applied preemergence. UCC-C4243 at 0, 70, and 140 g ai ha−1was applied 1, 7, 14, and 21 d before 0.5 or 2 cm of simulated rainfall. Temporary rainshelters protected field plots from natural rainfall during the 21 d dry period. Herbicide activity was determined in the field by seeding lentil, wheat, common lambsquarters, and field pennycress and in the greenhouse by a sugarbeet bioassay of soil samples (0 to 3 cm depth) taken from all plots immediately before irrigation. UCC-C4243 did not injure wheat; however, lentil population was reduced when simulated rainfall occurred within 7 d after application. Lentil injury was greater with higher herbicide rate and higher water level. UCC-C4243 at 70 and 140 g ha−1reduced populations of both weed species by 75 and 90%, respectively, when either 0.5 or 2 cm simulated rainfall was received within 1 d after herbicide application. Weed control was reduced with a 21 d delay between herbicide application and water activation. The sugarbeet bioassay showed a linear decrease of herbicide activity over time and also with accumulated photosynthetically active radiation. After 17.9 d, herbicide activity on a dry soil surface decreased 50%. Laboratory investigations show that [14C]-UCC-C4243 on glass slides was photodegraded by near ultraviolet light (290 to 400 nm). Volatilization of14C-labeled herbicide from glass slides was less than 5% after exposure to turbulent air for 48 h.

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Halauxifen-methyl controls glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) but not giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in winter wheat

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica Quinn ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Jamshid Ashigh ◽

David C. Hooker ◽

Darren E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Limited Information ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ambrosia Trifida ◽

Giant Ragweed

AbstractHorseweed is a competitive summer or winter annual weed that produces up to 230,000 small seeds per plant that are capable of traveling more than 500 km via wind. Giant ragweed is a tall, highly competitive summer annual weed. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and GR giant ragweed pose significant challenges for producers in the United States and Ontario, Canada. It is thought that an integrated weed management (IWM) system involving herbicide rotation is required to control GR biotypes. Halauxifen-methyl is a new selective broadleaf POST herbicide registered for use in cereal crops; there is limited information on its efficacy on horseweed and giant ragweed. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of halauxifen-methyl applied POST, alone and in a tank mix, for the control of GR horseweed and GR giant ragweed in wheat across southwestern Ontario. For each weed species, an efficacy study consisting of six field experiments was conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019). At 8 wk after application (WAA), halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil + ammonium sulfate controlled GR horseweed >95%. Fluroxypyr and MCPA provided only 86% and 37% control of GR horseweed, respectively. At 8 WAA, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE + pyroxsulam, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester controlled GR giant ragweed 87%, 88%, 90%, 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl and pyroxsulam provided only 45% and 28% control of GR giant ragweed, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone POST in the spring controlled GR horseweed but not GR giant ragweed in winter wheat.

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Influence of Weed Control Programs in Intensive Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500059956 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 762-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. C. Glaze ◽

C. C. Dowler ◽

A. W. Johnson ◽

D. R. Sumner

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Weed Species ◽

Multiple Cropping ◽

Control Programs ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Intensive Cropping ◽

Main Effects ◽

Herbicide Programs

Six multiple-cropping systems composed of: a) turnip (Brassica campestrisspp.rapifera), corn (Zea maysL.), and snapbean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.); b) turnip, peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), and snapbean; c) turnip, corn, and turnip; d) turnip, peanut, and turnip; e) snapbean, soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL.); and f) turnip, cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.], and turnip were subjected to nematicide and weed control programs of cultivation or herbicides. Herbicide programs were superior to cultivation in control of weeds. Weeds remaining in the row following cultivation competed severely with crops. Weed species remaining were altered depending on the method of control and crop. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯3CYPES) increased rapidly in all herbicide programs but not in cultivated plots. Pigweeds (Amaranthusspp.) were controlled by herbicides but increased in cultivated plots. Corn, peanut, soybean, and spring snapbean yields were higher in herbicide treatments than in cultivated treatments. Cucumber was the only crop that had increased yields for both main effects, herbicide and nematicide. Turnip was consistently injured in herbicide treatments, which was believed to be caused by residues from previous crops interacting with pathogens and possible allelopathic effects of decaying organic matter.

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