Impacts of long-term composted manure and straw amendments on rice-associated weeds in a rice-wheat rotation system

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Pinglei Gao ◽  
Aimei Hong ◽  
Min Han ◽  
Minghan Song ◽  
Yunhui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Density And Biomass

ABSTRACT As part of a long-term experiment to determine the impacts of composted manure and straw amendments (replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, wheat straw return combined with chemical fertilizer, and setting no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer-only as controls) on rice-associated weeds in a rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system, species richness, abundance, density, and biomass of weeds were assessed during years eight and nine. Fertilization decreased the species richness and total density of rice-associated weeds but increased their total biomass. The species richness and densities of broadleaf and sedge weeds decreased with fertilization, while species richness grass weeds increased only with straw return and density was not significantly affected. The shoot biomass per square meter of grass and broadleaf weeds were significantly higher with fertilization treatments than with the no fertilizer control, while that of sedge weeds declined with fertilizer application. With fertilization, the densities of monarch redstem (Ammannia baccifera L.) and smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) decreased, that of Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees] increased, and those of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] and monochoria [Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl ex Kunth] were not significantly affected. Ammannia baccifera was the most abundant weed species in all treatments. Whereas composted pig manure plus fertilizer resulted in higher density of A. baccifera and lower shoot biomass per plant than chemical fertilizer only; wheat straw return plus chemical fertilizer caused lower density and shoot biomass of A. baccifera. Therefore, it may be possible that fertilization strategies that suppress specific weeds could be used as improved weed management program components in rice production systems.

Changes in dominant weeds of wheat in a rice–wheat rotation system as affected by composted manure and straw amendments

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yunhui Duan ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Min Han ◽  
Aimei Hong ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Straw Return

Abstract A study was conducted to identify whether composted manure and straw amendments (replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer [50% of the total nitrogen application] with composted pig manure, and straw return [all straw from the previous rice crop] combined with chemical fertilizer) compared with no fertilization and chemical fertilizer only would change the dominant species of wheat-associated weeds as well as influence their growth and seed yield in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system. The study was initiated in 2010, and the treatment effects on the species, density, plant height, shoot biomass, seed yield of dominant weeds, and wheat yields were assessed in 2017 and 2018. Fertilization significantly increased the height, density, and yield of wheat, as well as the shoot biomass of wheat-associated weeds, but decreased the weed species number. A total of 17 and 14 weed species were recorded in the experimental wheat fields in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The most dominant weed species were American sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald] and catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), which made up more than 64% of the weed community in all treatments. When the chemical fertilizer application was amended with pig manure compost and straw return, the relative abundance of B. syzigachne significantly decreased, while the relative abundance of G. aparine significantly increased. The application of the chemical fertilizer-only treatment resulted in increases in the density, shoot biomass, and seed yield of B. syzigachne, while the composted manure and straw amendments applied together with chemical fertilizer led to significant increases in the density, shoot biomass, and seed yield of G. aparine. Consequently, further research on ways to promote greater cropping system diversity will be needed to prevent the selection of weed species that are adapted to a limited suite of crop management practices.

Composted manure and straw amendments in wheat of a rice–wheat rotation system alter weed richness and abundance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Yicheng Sun ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Guojun Sun ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation system, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization regimens (no fertilization, replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, chemical fertilizer only, and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer) on the weed communities and wheat yields after 4 and 5 yr. The impact of the long-term recurrent fertilization regimen initiated in 2010 on the composition and diversity of weed communities and the impact of the components and total amount of fertilizer on wheat yields were assessed in 2014 and 2015. Totals of 19 and 16 weed species were identified in experimental wheat fields in 2014 and 2015, respectively, but the occurrence of weed species varied according to the fertilization regimen. American sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald], water starwort [Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench], and lyrate hemistepta (Hemistepta lyrataBunge.) were adapted to all fertilization treatments and were the dominant weed species in the experimental wheat fields. The greatest number of weed species were observed under the no-fertilization treatment, in which 40% of the weed community was composed of broadleaf weeds and the lowest wheat yields were obtained. With fertilizer application, the number of weed species was reduced, the height of weeds increased significantly, the density of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced, the biodiversity indices of weed communities decreased significantly, and higher wheat yields were obtained. Only the chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure treatment and the chemical fertilizer–only treatment increased the density of grassy weeds and the total weed community density. The treatment with chemical fertilizer only also resulted in the highest density ofB. syzigachne. Rice straw return combined with chemical fertilizer yielded the lowest total weed density, which suggests that it inhibited occurrence of weeds. The different fertilizer regimens not only affected the weed species composition, distribution, and diversity, but also the weed density. Our study provides new information from a rice–wheat rotation system on the relationship between soil amendments and agricultural weed infestation.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of straw and straw-derived biochar on soil aggregation and fungal community in a rice–wheat rotation system

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naling Bai ◽  
Hanlin Zhang ◽  
Shuangxi Li ◽  
Xianqing Zheng ◽  
Juanqin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Straw Return

Background Soil aggregation is fundamental for soil functioning and agricultural productivity. Aggregate formation depends on microbial activity influencing the production of exudates and hyphae, which in turn act as binding materials. Fungi are also important for improving soil quality and promoting plant growth in a symbiotic manner. There is a scarcity of findings comparing the long-term impacts of different yearly double-crop straw return modes (e.g., straw return to the field and straw-derived biochar return to the field) on soil aggregation and fungal community structure in rice–wheat rotation systems. Methods The effects of 6-year continuous straw and straw-derived biochar amendment on soil physicochemical properties and the fungal community were evaluated in an intensively managed crop rotation system (rice–wheat). Soil samples of different aggregates (macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt clay) from four different fertilization regimes (control, CK; traditional inorganic fertilization, CF; straw returned to field, CS; straw-derived biochar addition, CB) were obtained, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis of the fungal internal transcribed spacer gene was performed. Results Compared to CF, CS and CB enhanced soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and aggregation in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil, with CB exhibiting a stronger effect. Additionally, agrowaste addition increased the mean weight diameter and the geometric diameter and decreased the fractal dimension (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis indicated that fertilization management affected fungal community structure and aggregation distribution. In addition, CS increased fungal community richness and diversity, compared to CK, CB decreased these aspects. Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in all soil samples. At the genus level, CB clearly increased fungi decomposing biosolids (Articulospora in macroaggregates in 0–20 cm soil and Neurospora in macroaggregates in 20–40 cm soil); decreased pathogenic fungi (Monographella in macroaggregates and Gibberella in microaggregates in 0–20 cm soil) and CO2-emission-related fungi (Pyrenochaetopsis in microaggregates and silt clay in 0–40 cm soil) (p < 0.05). Straw and biochar with inorganic fertilizer counteracted some of the adverse effects of the inorganic fertilizer with biochar showing better effects than straw.

Waterlogging reduction and wheat yield increase through long-term ditch-buried straw return in a rice—wheat rotation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishui Yang ◽  
Silong Zhai ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Jiajia Zhou ◽  
Ruiyin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Straw Return

scholarly journals Soil nematode abundances were increased by an incremental nutrient input in a paddy-upland rotation system

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hu ◽  
X. G. Xia ◽  
X. M. Han ◽  
Y. F. Chen ◽  
Y. Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rotation System

Abstract To study the effect of fertilization on soil nematode communities in a paddy-upland rotation system, an ongoing thirty-three years long-term fertilizer experiment is conducted which includes seven treatments; an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NPK) and organic manure (M) combined with chemical fertilizer treatments (MN, MNP, and MNPK). The soil nematode community structure and crop yields were determined in 2012 and 2013. Overall total nematode abundance was increased by an incremental nutrient input both in the rice and wheat fields. Total number of nematode was 1.25 - 2.37 times greater in the rice field and was 1.08 - 2.97 times greater in wheat field in the fertilization treatments than in the unfertilized treatment. Soil free-living nematode abundances was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatments in rice field. Fungi-feeders and plant-feeding nematodes abundances were not significantly different among treatments in rice and wheat fields. Omnivorous and predatory nematodes were the most dominant groups in the present study. Omnivores, predators and Prodorylaimus abundances were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with NPK fertilizer treatments than in chemical fertilizer alone and unfertilized treatments both in rice and wheat fields. Stepwise regressions revealed that soil free-living nematodes were significant predictors of rice grain yields (R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001) and omnivorous and predatory nematodes were significant predictors of the wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001). Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer could increase nematode abundances and crop yields. Organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer application was recommended in agricultural ecosystem.

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