Selection of Shale Preparation Protocol and Outgas Procedures for Applications in Low-Pressure Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 9043-9051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Holmes ◽  
Erik C. Rupp ◽  
Vikram Vishal ◽  
Jennifer Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Low Pressure ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pressure Analysis

scholarly journals Mixing unmixables: Unexpected formation of Li-Cs alloys at low pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. e1500669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Desgreniers ◽  
John S. Tse ◽  
Takahiro Matsuoka ◽  
Yasuo Ohishi ◽  
Justin J. Tse
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Unexpected Formation ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Contrary to the empirical Miedema and Hume-Rothery rules and a recent theoretical prediction, we report experimental evidence on the formation of Li-Cs alloys at very low pressure (>0.1 GPa). We also succeeded in synthesizing a pure nonstoichiometric and ordered crystalline phase from an approximately equimolar mixture and resolved its structure using the maximum entropy method. The new alloy has a primitive cubic cell with the Li atom situated in the center and the Cs at the corners. This structure is stable to at least 10 GPa and has an anomalously high coefficient of thermal expansion at low pressure. Analysis of the valence charge density shows that electrons are donated from Cs to the Li “p”-orbitals, resulting in a rare formal oxidation state of −1 for Li. The observation indicates the diversity in the bonding of the seeming simple group I Li element.

Spiral Wound Gasket Compressibility and Pressure Ratings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCarthy ◽  
A. Fitzgerald (Jerry) Waterland ◽  
Dan Reid
Keyword(s):  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Application ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spiral Wound

The industry practice of using pressure rating nomenclature to describe spiral wound gasket compressibility can contribute to some level of confusion regarding the proper design and selection of these gaskets. This situation can result in a misconception that a more easily compressed “soft” gasket (for example, “0–999 psi” rating) cannot be used in a higher pressure application. This is not necessarily true, and in many cases a softer (less dense) gasket construction can actually be beneficial in both high and low pressure applications. This article addresses both the terminology used to describe spiral wound gasket compressibility and the design characteristics of these gaskets in an effort to improve the understanding of this subject.

Method to determine the power efficiency of UV disinfection plants and its application to low pressure plants for drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois W. Schmalwieser ◽  
Georg Hirschmann ◽  
Alexander Cabaj ◽  
Regina Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper we present a method to determine the power efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection plants and apply this to low pressure plants for drinking water. In UV disinfection plants the water flow is regulated to ensure that microorganisms receive the necessary fluence for inactivation while passing through. The flow depends on the UV transmission (UVT) of the water. The lower the UVT of the water is, the less water may flow through the plant. UV irradiance is produced by lamps that consume, together with other components, electrical power and entail running costs. The power efficiency – electrical power versus disinfected volume – of a plant has therefore an important impact. Applying this method to different UV plants that are on the market shows that electric power of at least 5.3 Wh is necessary to disinfect 1 m3 of water possessing a UVT of 80% (100 mm), 8 Wh at 50% and 22 Wh at 10%. Further we found that ineffective design or a wrong selection of a plant may enhance these values by a factor of up to 7. This method enables not only the calculation of the power efficiency but also the decision for a certain plant type.

scholarly journals Practical Experience with the Methodology of Prediction of Corrosion-Fatigue Failures of Steam Turbine Rotating Blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Josef Kasl ◽  
Jan Lazar ◽  
Miroslava Matějová
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Rotating Blades ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
Selection Of

Corrosion fatigue fractures initiating from corrosion pits are one of the most serious problem during service of rotating blades of the low-pressure parts of steam turbines. A methodology for fatigue failure prediction, originally based on the knowledge obtained by EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute), using corrosion pits parameters assessment and local stresses calculation was adapted to the conditions of ČEZ a.s. power stations. This contribution deals with the evaluation of the corrosion state of blades of three low pressure rotors after long service. Measurement was done in power stations equipped with turbines of power 200 MW and 110 MW respectively. Possibilities and uncertainties (influence of filling of pits with oxides, cyclic stress calculations, and the selection of the geometric factor Y) and their elimination are discussed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF RIBBING ON THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A FLAT ROUND TANK BOTTOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
А.K. Baibulov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Ivanitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Head Surface ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Rib Arrangement ◽  
Selection Of

Options with radial and longitudinal-transverse rib arrangement were considered. The research was carried out by numerical simulation in the ANSYS program. The values of stresses and deformations in the tank bottom were obtained depending on the number and location of stiffeners on it. It is established that the main load is perceived by the Central part of the ribs. Therefore, due to the correct selection of stiffeners, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the head plate. To equalize the stresses on the head surface, the number of edges should be at least six, and the radial placement of the edges is more preferable. With the same deformations, in this case, the stresses in the head are somewhat less. The results obtained make it possible to increase the strength of the flat head and use it in tanks intended for storing liquid and gaseous substances under low pressure.

scholarly journals Application of Vortex Generators in Flow Control of the Inlet

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xiao ◽  
Fang Liang-Wei
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Transverse Flow ◽  
Vortex Generators ◽  
Flow Losses ◽  
Subsonic Diffuser ◽  
Selection Of

This paper introduces the features of using co-rotating vortex generators for controlling boundary layer and flow field in the inlet without flow separation. The principles of the arrangements of the blades and selection of constructional parameters of the generators that are applied to create the transverse flow between the high and low pressure regions and to reduce the secondary flow losses are analysed. The experimental results show that when the appropriate parameters of the co-rotating vortex generators are chosen for the inlet subsonic diffuser with apparent high and low pressure regions, not only the nonuniformity of the flow field is greatly improved but also the dynamic performance of the flow at exit is slightly improved.

Systems Modelling and Control Applied to a Low-Pressure Gas Distribution Network

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Parkinson ◽  
R J Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Selection Of

A control system has been designed and implemented to provide more effective energy management of low-pressure gas distribution networks. The key to this is the provision of a control scheme that maintains low pressures across a network. The work was approached from first principles and a modelling technique has been developed which provides reduced order models that adequately describe the characteristics of multi-feed gas networks. The models were then used for the control system design, which in this case also included the selection of the optimal measurement points for most effective control. Following extensive design studies a relatively straightforward control scheme resulted which has been implemented and proved to be effective.

Deposition of Tungsten Silicide Barrier Layers and Tungsten in Rectangular Vias

1990 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Cale ◽  
Gregory B. Raupp ◽  
Manoj K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Tungsten Silicide ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Barrier Layers ◽  
Tungsten Hexafluoride ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

ABSTRACTDiffusion-reaction analysis of a two step process in which a tungsten silicide barrier layer is deposited in a rectangular trench by low pressure dichlorosilane reduction of tungsten hexafluoride followed by a complete tungsten fill by low pressure hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride reveals that high step coverage and high deposition rate can be readily achieved with logical selection of process parameters. This fact, coupled with the potential for accomplishing these deposition steps in the same single wafer reactor, suggests that this two step process may offer a high throughput alternative to blanket tungsten deposition by silane reduction.

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