Effects of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on the Formation and Methylation of Mercury Sulfide Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 8061-8071
Author(s):  
Zhanhua Zhang ◽  
Rui Si ◽  
Jitao Lv ◽  
Yunyun Ji ◽  
Wenshan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Mercury Sulfide

Process Description of an Unconventional Biofilm Formation by Bacterial Cells Autoagglutinating Through Sticky, Long, and Peritrichate Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Furuichi ◽  
Shogo Yoshimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Inaba ◽  
Nobuhiko Nomura ◽  
Katsutoshi Hori
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Dlvo Theory ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Discontinuous Surface ◽  
Cell Cell

<p></p><p>Biofilms are used in environmental biotechnologies including waste treatment and environmentally friendly chemical production. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation is essential to control microbial behavior and improve environmental biotechnologies. <i>Acinetobacter </i>sp. Tol 5 autoagglutinate through the interaction of the long, peritrichate nanofiber protein AtaA, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin. Using AtaA, without cell growth or the production of extracellular polymeric substances, Tol 5 cells quickly form an unconventional biofilm. In this study, we investigated the formation process of this unconventional biofilm, which started with cell–cell interactions, proceeded to cell clumping, and led to the formation of large cell aggregates. The cell–cell interaction was described by DLVO theory based on a new concept, which considers two independent interactions between two cell bodies and between two AtaA fiber tips forming a virtual discontinuous surface. If cell bodies cannot collide owing to an energy barrier at low ionic strengths but approach within the interactive distance of AtaA fibers, cells can agglutinate through their contact. Cell clumping proceeds following the cluster–cluster aggregation model, and an unconventional biofilm containing void spaces and a fractal nature develops. Understanding its formation process would extend the utilization of various types of biofilms, enhancing environmental biotechnologies.</p><p></p>

Filtration resistance induced by ammonia oxidizers accumulating on the rotating membrane disk

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Katsuki Kimura ◽  
Yoshimasa Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Filtration Resistance ◽  
Rotating Membrane Disk ◽  
Membrane Disk

Membrane filtration and oxidation of ammonia were simultaneously performed by using a rotating membrane disk module. Nitrification performance, composition of the accumulated cakes on the membrane and the filtration resistances were investigated under five different operating conditions. The filtration resistance due to the accumulated cake on the membrane was found to be dominant in this treatment method, compared to the resistance due to the micropore plugging or irreversible adherence. The cake consisted mainly of iron, humic substances and bacteria. The possibility that extracellular polymeric substances were related to the cake resistance was also shown. The composition of the cake depended on the length and the condition of operation. Accumulation of ammonia oxidizers caused by oxidation of low concentrations of ammonia (less than 1 mg/l) did not increase transmembrane pressure significantly. Therefore, the application of this treatment method for drinking water treatment is feasible. Filtration resistance due to the micropore plugging or irreversible adherence to the membrane was caused by organic substances.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

The roles of extracellular polymeric substances of Pandoraea sp. XY-2 in the removal of tetracycline

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1960
Author(s):  
Xueling Wu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Zhou ◽  
Yichao Gu ◽  
Han Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Pilar Sabuquillo ◽  
Jaime Cubero
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

scholarly journals Selective retention of extracellular polymeric substances induced by adsorption to and coprecipitation with ferrihydrite

2021 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Caroline L. Peacock ◽  
Peng Cai ◽  
Ke-Qing Xiao ◽  
Chenchen Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Selective Retention

scholarly journals Response of soil bacterial communities to sulfadiazine present in manure: Protection and adaptation mechanisms of extracellular polymeric substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 124887
Author(s):  
Linlin Qiu ◽  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Wenchao Du ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Ying Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Study of sludge conditioning using organic acids chelated ferrous ion catalyzed NaClO oxidation: Evolution of extracellular polymeric substances and floc structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 111757
Author(s):  
Peng Yang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Weijun Zhang ◽  
Jing Ai ◽  
Sainan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Floc Structure ◽  
Sludge Conditioning

Quantitative assessment of extraction methods for bound extracellular polymeric substances (B-EPSs) produced by Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 102289
Author(s):  
Ruixing Huang ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Chengxue Ma ◽  
Yanghui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Extraction Methods

scholarly journals Production of nonulosonic acids in the extracellular polymeric substances of “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tomás-Martínez ◽  
Hugo B.C. Kleikamp ◽  
Thomas R. Neu ◽  
Martin Pabst ◽  
David G. Weissbrodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Accumulibacter Phosphatis

Abstract Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a family of acidic carbohydrates with a nine-carbon backbone, which include different related structures, such as sialic acids. They have mainly been studied for their relevance in animal cells and pathogenic bacteria. Recently, sialic acids have been discovered as an important compound in the extracellular matrix of virtually all microbial life and in “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis”, a well-studied polyphosphate-accumulating organism, in particular. Here, bioaggregates highly enriched with these bacteria (approx. 95% based on proteomic data) were used to study the production of NulOs in an enrichment of this microorganism. Fluorescence lectin-binding analysis, enzymatic quantification, and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the different NulOs present, showing a wide distribution and variety of these carbohydrates, such as sialic acids and bacterial NulOs, in the bioaggregates. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the potential of “Ca. Accumulibacter” to produce different types of NulOs. Proteomic analysis showed the ability of “Ca. Accumulibacter” to reutilize and reincorporate these carbohydrates. This investigation points out the importance of diverse NulOs in non-pathogenic bacteria, which are normally overlooked. Sialic acids and other NulOs should be further investigated for their role in the ecology of “Ca. Accumulibacter” in particular, and biofilms in general. Key Points •“Ca. Accumulibacter” has the potential to produce a range of nonulosonic acids. •Mass spectrometry and lectin binding can reveal the presence and location of nonulosonic acids. •The role of nonulosonic acid in non-pathogenic bacteria needs to be studied in detail.

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