Filtration resistance induced by ammonia oxidizers accumulating on the rotating membrane disk

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Katsuki Kimura ◽  
Yoshimasa Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Filtration Resistance ◽  
Rotating Membrane Disk ◽  
Membrane Disk

Membrane filtration and oxidation of ammonia were simultaneously performed by using a rotating membrane disk module. Nitrification performance, composition of the accumulated cakes on the membrane and the filtration resistances were investigated under five different operating conditions. The filtration resistance due to the accumulated cake on the membrane was found to be dominant in this treatment method, compared to the resistance due to the micropore plugging or irreversible adherence. The cake consisted mainly of iron, humic substances and bacteria. The possibility that extracellular polymeric substances were related to the cake resistance was also shown. The composition of the cake depended on the length and the condition of operation. Accumulation of ammonia oxidizers caused by oxidation of low concentrations of ammonia (less than 1 mg/l) did not increase transmembrane pressure significantly. Therefore, the application of this treatment method for drinking water treatment is feasible. Filtration resistance due to the micropore plugging or irreversible adherence to the membrane was caused by organic substances.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Controlled by Adjustment of Biological Treatment Parameters in Step-Aerating MBR

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dimitra C. Banti ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas ◽  
Petros Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fouling Reduction

A promising solution for membrane fouling reduction in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) could be the adjustment of operating parameters of the MBR, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), food/microorganisms (F/M) loading and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, aiming to modify the sludge morphology to the direction of improvement of the membrane filtration. In this work, these parameters were investigated in a step-aerating pilot MBR that treated municipal wastewater, in order to control the filamentous population. When F/M loading in the first aeration tank (AT1) was ≤0.65 ± 0.2 g COD/g MLSS/d at 20 ± 3 °C, DO = 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L and HRT = 1.6 h, the filamentous bacteria were controlled effectively at a moderate filament index of 1.5–3. The moderate population of filamentous bacteria improved the membrane performance, leading to low transmembrane pressure (TMP) at values ≤2 kPa for a great period, while at the control MBR the TMP gradually increased reaching 14 kPa. Soluble microbial products (SMP), were also maintained at low concentrations, contributing additionally to the reduction of ΤΜP. Finally, the step-aerating MBR process and the selected imposed operating conditions of HRT, F/M and DO improved the MBR performance in terms of fouling control, facilitating its future wider application.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Salinity on Membrane Fouling Characteristics in an Intermittently Aerated Membrane Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Xie ◽  
Siqing Xia ◽  
Jing Song ◽  
Jixiang Li ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Sludge Characteristics ◽  
Filtration Resistance ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Fouling Characteristics

The effect of salinity on the membrane fouling characteristics was investigated in the intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor (IAMBR). Five different salinity loadings were set from 0 to 35 g·L−1(referring to NaCl), respectively. The removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) was gradually decreased with increasing salinity. The variation of membrane filtration resistance, particle size distribution (PSD), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and relative hydrophobicity (RH) analysis revealed that salinity has a significant effect on sludge characteristics in IAMBR. The results also indicated that the membrane fouling is often caused by the integration of sludge characteristics in saline wastewater.

scholarly journals Microbial biofouling potential of multispecies of batik dye wastewater

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Further Development

Biofouling is a serious and challenging problem in water treatment systems which hinder the efficiency of membrane filtration performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofouling propensity and biological treatment performance of a bacterial consortium in a biological membrane bioreactor for the treatment of dye wastewater. During bioreactor operation with the bacterial consortium, a significant relationship was revealed between transmembrane pressure (TMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). When tested for dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, SMBR showed increased removal performance with the operating time, possibly owing to the biofilm formation on membrane and the adaptation of sludge. Thus, it is expected that the results of this study will be valuable for further development of a suitable biofouling mitigation strategy for batik wastewater treatment in membrane bioreactor. Keywords: Biofouling; biofilm, Batik wastewater; bacterial consortium; extracellular polymeric substances

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON CRITICAL FLUX AND REVERSIBLE FOULING IN MEMBRANE FILTRATION USING GAS SPARGING TECHNIQUE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harunsyah Harunsyah ◽  
Nik Meriam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Gas Sparging ◽  
Cake Layer

Gas sparging method utilizing injection of nitrogen gas was employed during the ultrafiltration of the natural rubber effluent (latex serum). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of gas sparging on the critical flux and the observed reversible cake layer resistance during the ultrafiltration of skim latex serum. Experiments were conducted using a 100 kDa MWCO tubular membrane (PCI Membrane System) mounted vertically. The effect of operating parameters, such as feed flow rate, concentration and transmembrane pressure were investigated. The results showed that when the feed flow rate was increased, the permeate was correspondingly increased and the reversible cake resistance decreased. In this research a feed flow rate of 1400 ml/min and transmembrane pressure of 13.00 psig resulted in the maximum total permeate flux of 70.80 L/m2h. Results from this study obtained so far showed that the use of gas sparging has been able to increase total permeate flux between 8.3% and 145.3% compared to non-gas sparged condition. Critical flux occurrence was increased to 82.63% above the value obtained for non-sparged condition and applied transmembrane pressure can be reduced to 2.4% of the non-gas sparged condition.Keyword: skim latex serum, reversible fouling, gas sparged, critical flux

Effect of operating conditions on rejection of anionic pollutants in the water environment by nanofiltration especially in very low pressure range

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ratanatamskul ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
T. Urase ◽  
S. Ohgaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Crossflow Velocity ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
New Generation

The recent development of new generation LPRO or nanofiltration membranes have received attraction for application in the field of wastewater and water treatment through an increasingly stringent regulation for drinking purpose and water reclamation. In this research, the application on treatment of anionic pollutants (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate and chloride ions) have been investigated as functions of transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and temperature under very much lower pressure operation range (0.49 to 0.03 MPa) than any other previous research used to do. Negative rejection was also observed under very much low range of operating pressure in the case of membrane type NTR-7250. Moreover, the extended Nernst-Planck model was used for analysis of the experimental data of the rejection of nitrate, nitrite and chloride ions in single solution by considering effective charged density of the membranes.

scholarly journals Tanning Wastewater Treatment by Ultrafiltration: Process Efficiency and Fouling Behavior

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Fu Yang ◽  
Zhengkun Huang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Chongde Wu ◽  
Rongqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
The Impact

Ultrafiltration is a promising, environment-friendly alternative to the current physicochemical-based tannery wastewater treatment. In this work, ultrafiltration was employed to treat the tanning wastewater as an upstream process of the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system in the leather industry. The filtration efficiency and fouling behaviors were analyzed to assess the impact of membrane material and operating conditions (shear rate on the membrane surface and transmembrane pressure). The models of resistance-in-series, fouling propensity, and pore blocking were used to provide a comprehensive analysis of such a process. The results show that the process efficiency is strongly dependent on the operating conditions, while the membranes of either PES or PVDF showed similar filtration performance and fouling behavior. Reversible resistance was the main obstacle for such process. Cake formation was the main pore blocking mechanism during such process, which was independent on the operating conditions and membrane materials. The increase in shear rate significantly increased the steady-state permeation flux, thus, the filtration efficiency was improved, which resulted from both the reduction in reversible resistance and the slow-down of fouling layer accumulate rate. This is the first time that the fouling behaviors of tanning wastewater ultrafiltration were comprehensively evaluated, thus providing crucial guidance for further scientific investigation and industrial application.

scholarly journals Technoeconomic Analysis of the Recovery of Phenols from Olive Mill Wastewater through Membrane Filtration and Resin Adsorption/Desorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Dimitris P. Zagklis ◽  
Costas S. Papageorgiou ◽  
Christakis A. Paraskeva
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Equipment Cost ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive mill wastewater is an important agro-industrial waste with no established treatment method. The authors have developed a phenol separation method that could potentially cover the treatment cost of the waste. The purpose of this study was to identify any economic hotspots in the process, the operational cost and examine the margin of profit for such a process. The equipment cost was scaled for different treatment capacities and then used to estimate the fixed capital investment and the yearly operational cost. The highest purchased equipment cost was identified for the membrane filtration system, while the cost for resin replacement was identified as the highest operational cost. The lifespan of the resin used in the adsorption step was identified as an economic hot spot for the process, with the phenols separation cost ranging from 0.84 to 13.6 €/g of phenols for a resin lifespan of 5–100 adsorption/desorption cycles. The lifespan of the resin proved to be the single most important aspect that determines the phenols separation cost. The price range that was calculated for the product of the process is very promising because of the typical value of antioxidants and the low concentration of phenols that are needed for food supplements and cosmetics.

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