Hazardous Air Pollutants in Fresh and Aged Western US Wildfire Smoke and Implications for Long-Term Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (19) ◽  
pp. 11838-11847
Author(s):  
Katelyn O’Dell ◽  
Rebecca S. Hornbrook ◽  
Wade Permar ◽  
Ezra J. T. Levin ◽  
Lauren A. Garofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Western Us

scholarly journals Concentrations, health risks, and sources of hazardous air pollutants in Seoul-Incheon, a megacity area in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
Kyung-Min Baek ◽  
Jong-Bae Heo ◽  
Jang-Pyo Cheong ◽  
Sung-Ok Baek
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractWe conducted ambient monitoring of various hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for 2 years (2013-2015) in two adjacent Korean cities in a megacity area: Seoul and Incheon. Measured HAPs included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (HMs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of HAPs, to prioritize HAPs based on health risks, to identify sources using a receptor-based model, and to estimate source-specific risks. Overall, the HAP levels in Incheon were higher than those in Seoul. The concentrations of combustion-origin HAPs, such as PAHs and some HMs, were significantly higher during the heating period than during the non-heating period. However, most VOCs exhibited an opposite trend. Benzo[a]pyrene showed the highest cancer risk in both cities, followed by formaldehyde, arsenic, and benzene; trichloroethylene was the only species that exceeded the hazard quotient of 1. Cumulative cancer risks were 2.0 × 10-4 in Seoul and 2.7 × 10-4 in Incheon. Major sources and their contributions to each HAP concentration were estimated by positive matrix factorization modeling. Based on source-specific risk assessments, we suggest that both cities should give high priority to the control of traffic pollution and the supply of cleaner fuels in non-residential sectors. Reducing carbonyl concentrations in Seoul and industrial emissions in Incheon is also necessary. Establishing new ambient standards for benzo[a]pyrene and formaldehyde is worth considering as a long-term measure. This study provides scientific information on the occurrence, health risks, and sources of various HAPs in large urban areas.

A Scoping Review of Nurses' Contributions to Health-Related, Wildfire Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Tara Marko ◽  
Micah Suarez ◽  
Elitza Todorova ◽  
Cunanan Mark ◽  
Postma Julie
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Wildfire Season

Exposure to unprecedented levels of wildfire smoke is increasing cardiopulmonary mortality and is especially catastrophic to people with preexisting respiratory conditions such as asthma. Wildfire smoke is a mixture of hazardous air pollutants and airborne particulate matter and wildfires are burning larger areas of land and lasting longer, extending the smoke season. The wildfire season is also expected to lengthen as a result of the changing climate. This scoping review examines publications related to wildfires and health in order to explore the ways in which nursing science contributes to research on the health effects of wildfires and strategies to decrease exposure to wildfires and/or wildfire smoke. Nursing's contribution to wildfire research needs to increase to meet the demands of this rapidly growing, international problem. Nurses have an opportunity to protect the public's health through interventional research focused on preventing exposure and applying what is learned to practice.

Acute, medium and long-term effects of yellow sand and air pollutants on allergy and biomarker search

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Tomomi Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Talk to any allergy sufferer and they will tell you how awful it can be. Runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and difficulties breathing. For many these symptoms rise only to the level of annoyance and can be avoided by steering clear of the source of their allergy. What many people don't realise though is that allergies can become a far more serious issue for a large segment of the population. Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to allergies bring many people to emergency rooms and these are just the acute symptoms. Along with the potential for an allergic attack during a windy or dusty day, researchers and medical professionals are beginning to recognise that there are chronic, long term effects associated with allergies. In order to mitigate both the acute and chronic effects of allergies a better understanding of how genetic factors combine with environmental conditions to produce the ranges of symptoms and effects of allergy suffers is needed. Professor Tomomi Higashi, from the Department of Hygiene at Kanazawa University in Japan, is an expert in this field and is currently working to improve treatment and prevention of allergic disease.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

Evaluating hazardous air pollutants in Australia

Toxicology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L Hinwood ◽  
P.N Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants
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