Critical Review: Role of Inorganic Nanoparticle Properties on Their Foliar Uptake and in Planta Translocation

The article is devoted to various aspects of the use of intraluminal brachytherapy (IB) in treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). A critical review of the use of IB as a component of combined radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment regimens, for definitive CRT, as well as in palliative treatment of non-operable tumors of this localization is given. The contradictory data on the effectiveness of brachytherapy with locally distributed, inoperable EC are summarized. A separate section relates to the prospects for incorporating brachytherapy into combined treatment of early esophageal cancer. Carried out analysis testifies to the necessity of standardization of summary and daily doses of irradiation depending on the indications to the IB.

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Therapeutic role of vegetables in Respiratory Diseases – A critical review from Ayurvedic classics.

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v1i3.4429 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Raghavendra Naik ◽

Shweta Vekariya ◽

R. N. Acharya ◽

Sneha D. Borkar

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Critical Review ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

The Family

The concept of Pathya (wholesome diet) is an unique contribution of Ayurveda, which plays an important role in prevention and management of many diseases. “Shakavarga”, a category under dietetics in classical texts of Ayurveda enlisted different vegetables with their properties and indications in different disease conditions. These vegetables can be prescribed as Pathya (wholesome diet) in clinical practice. In the present review, plants described under Shakavarga, indicated as Pathya in different diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system) were compiled from 15 different Ayurvedic classical texts. Critical analysis of the compiled data reveals that out of 332 vegetables described under Shakavarga, 44 are indicated in respiratory disease like Shvasa (Dyspnoea/Asthma), Kasa (Cough), Peenasa (Chronic rhinitis) and Hikka (Hiccup). Among them, botanical identity of 42 classical plants has been established and maximum number of vegetables belongs to the family cucurbitaceae (10) followed by solanaceae (4). Some of these vegetables have been reported for their various pharmacological activities related to prevention and management of diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system). These vegetables are reported for their anti-inflammatory (16), antioxidant (14), anti-allergic (6) and antitussive (3) activities. The observed result may be helpful in use of vegetables as Pathya (wholesome diet) and planning further scientific studies about the efficacy of these plants on prevention as well as management of respiratory diseases.

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Impact of Environmental Factors on Stilbene Biosynthesis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Alessio Valletta ◽

Lorenzo Maria Iozia ◽

Francesca Leonelli

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

In Planta ◽

Organ Cultures ◽

Related Plant ◽

Valuable Compounds ◽

Stilbene Compounds ◽

Stilbene Biosynthesis ◽

Abiotic Environmental Factors

Stilbenes are a small family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that can be found in several distantly related plant species. These compounds act as phytoalexins, playing a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens, as well as being involved in the adaptation of plants to abiotic environmental factors. Among stilbenes, trans-resveratrol is certainly the most popular and extensively studied for its health properties. In recent years, an increasing number of stilbene compounds were subjected to investigations concerning their bioactivity. This review presents the most updated knowledge of the stilbene biosynthetic pathway, also focusing on the role of several environmental factors in eliciting stilbenes biosynthesis. The effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, ultrasonication, mechanical stress, salt stress, drought, temperature, ozone, and biotic stress are reviewed in the context of enhancing stilbene biosynthesis, both in planta and in plant cell and organ cultures. This knowledge may shed some light on stilbene biological roles and represents a useful tool to increase the accumulation of these valuable compounds.

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A Critical Review of Computational Creativity in Built Environment Design

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11010029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Ning Gu ◽

Peiman Amini Behbahani

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Critical Review ◽

Contemporary Literature ◽

Research Interest ◽

Future Research ◽

Computational Creativity ◽

Environment Design ◽

Supporting Tool ◽

Definition Of

Computational creativity in built environment (BE) design has been a subject of research interest in the discipline. This paper presents a critical review of various ways computational creativity has been and can be defined and approached in BE design. The paper examines a comprehensive body of contemporary literature on the topics of creativity, computational creativity, and their assessment to identify levels of computational creativity. The paper then proceeds to a further review of the implications of these levels specifically in BE design. The paper identifies four areas in BE design where computational creativity is relevant. In two areas—synthesis (generation) and analysis—there is considerable literature on lower levels of computational creativity. However, in two other areas—interfacing and communication—even the definition of computational creativity is not as defined and clear for the discipline, and most works only consider the role of computers as a supporting tool or medium. These open up future research opportunities for the discipline.

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Role of Spatial Design in Green Buildings-A Critical Review of Green Building Rating Systems

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1116/1/012166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1116 (1) ◽

pp. 012166

Author(s):

Manoj Katiyar ◽

Ashok Kumar Sahu ◽

Sanjay Agarwal ◽

Pravesh Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Green Building ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Rating Systems ◽

Spatial Design

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The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2435

Author(s):

Marzia Beccaccioli ◽

Manuel Salustri ◽

Valeria Scala ◽

Matteo Ludovici ◽

Andrea Cacciotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Ceramide Synthase ◽

Ear Rot ◽

In Planta ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

The Impact

Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxylipin, and sphingolipid levels in planta and how these changes affect F. verticillioides growth in maize. The identity and levels of principal fatty acids, oxylipins, and over 50 sphingolipids were evaluated by chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in maize infected with an F. verticillioides fumonisin-producing wild-type strain and a fumonisin-deficient mutant, after different periods of growth. Plant hormones associated with defense responses, i.e., salicylic and jasmonic acid, were also evaluated. We suggest that fumonisins produced by F. verticillioides alter maize lipid metabolism, which help switch fungal growth from a relatively harmless endophyte to a destructive necrotroph.

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