The Changing Face of Research: The Use of Chemical Information Skills to Identify Novel Research Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 3110-3117
Author(s):  
Judith N. Currano ◽  
Madeleine M. Joullié
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Information ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Information Skills

scholarly journals Otoliths as individual indicators: a reappraisal of the link between fish physiology and otolith characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Grønkjær
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Fish Physiology ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research

Otoliths are remarkable recorders that store visual and chemical information that can be interpreted with regard to individual fish phenotype trajectory, life history events and environment. However, the information stored in the otoliths must be interpreted with the knowledge that the otolith is an integral part of fish sensory systems. This means that the environmental signals recorded in the otoliths will be regulated by the homeostatic apparatus of the individual fish – its physiology and ultimately its genetic make-up. Although this may complicate interpretation of environmental signals, it also opens up avenues for new research into the physiology and life history of individual fish. This review focuses on research areas where the coupling between otolith characteristics and fish physiology may yield new insights. Most of the research ideas are by no means new, but rather represent largely forgotten or less-explored research areas. Examples of questions that are fundamental, unanswered and with the potential to yield significant new insights are those related to the coupling of otolith and fish growth through metabolism, and the formation of opaque and translucent growth zones in relation to the physiology of the individual. An integration of visual and chemical data with bioenergetic modelling may yield some of the answers.

scholarly journals Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-684
Author(s):  
Crispus M. Mbaluto ◽  
Pascal M. Ayelo ◽  
Alexandra G. Duffy ◽  
Anna L. Erdei ◽  
Anaїs K. Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Summer Schools ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Insect Chemical Ecology

AbstractInsect chemical ecology (ICE) evolved as a discipline concerned with plant–insect interactions, and also with a strong focus on intraspecific pheromone-mediated communication. Progress in this field has rendered a more complete picture of how insects exploit chemical information in their surroundings in order to survive and navigate their world successfully. Simultaneously, this progress has prompted new research questions about the evolution of insect chemosensation and related ecological adaptations, molecular mechanisms that mediate commonly observed behaviors, and the consequences of chemically mediated interactions in different ecosystems. Themed meetings, workshops, and summer schools are ideal platforms for discussing scientific advancements as well as identifying gaps and challenges within the discipline. From the 11th to the 22nd of June 2018, the 11th annual PhD course in ICE was held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sweden. The course was made up of 35 student participants from 22 nationalities (Fig. 1a) as well as 32 lecturers. Lectures and laboratory demonstrations were supported by literature seminars, and four broad research areas were covered: (1) multitrophic interactions and plant defenses, (2) chemical communication focusing on odor sensing, processing, and behavior, (3) disease vectors, and (4) applied aspects of basic ICE research in agriculture. This particular article contains a summary and brief synthesis of these main emergent themes and discussions from the ICE 2018 course. In addition, we also provide suggestions on teaching the next generation of ICE scientists, especially during unprecedented global situations.

Chemoinformatics on Metabolic Pathways

2011 ◽  
pp. 318-339
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hattori ◽  
Masaaki Kotera
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Product Pair

Chemical genomics is one of the cutting-edge research areas in the post-genomic era, which requires a sophisticated integration of heterogeneous information, i.e., genomic and chemical information. Enzymes play key roles for dynamic behavior of living organisms, linking information in the chemical space and genomic space. In this chapter, the authors report our recent efforts in this area, including the development of a similarity measure between two chemical compounds, a prediction system of a plausible enzyme for a given substrate and product pair, and two different approaches to predict the fate of a given compound in a metabolic pathway. General problems and possible future directions are also discussed, in hope to attract more activities from many researchers in this research area.

Chemoinformatics on Metabolic Pathways

2013 ◽  
pp. 986-1009
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hattori ◽  
Masaaki Kotera
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Product Pair

Chemical genomics is one of the cutting-edge research areas in the post-genomic era, which requires a sophisticated integration of heterogeneous information, i.e., genomic and chemical information. Enzymes play key roles for dynamic behavior of living organisms, linking information in the chemical space and genomic space. In this chapter, the authors report our recent efforts in this area, including the development of a similarity measure between two chemical compounds, a prediction system of a plausible enzyme for a given substrate and product pair, and two different approaches to predict the fate of a given compound in a metabolic pathway. General problems and possible future directions are also discussed, in hope to attract more activities from many researchers in this research area.

The Stepping Stone Approach to Teaching Chemical Information Skills

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Yeagley ◽  
Sarah E. G. Porter ◽  
Melissa C. Rhoten ◽  
Benjamin J. Topham
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Information ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
Approach To Teaching

Progressively Fostering Students’ Chemical Information Skills in a Three-Year Chemical Engineering Program in France

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Gozzi ◽  
Marie-José Arnoux ◽  
Jérémy Breuzard ◽  
Claire Marchal ◽  
Clémence Nikitine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
Information Skills

(Multi)functional Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha N. Patel ◽  
Christine Kranz
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrochemical Imaging ◽  
Recognition Imaging ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Incorporating functionality to atomic force microscopy (AFM) to obtain physical and chemical information has always been a strong focus in AFM research. Modifying AFM probes with specific molecules permits accessibility of chemical information via specific reactions and interactions. Fundamental understanding of molecular processes at the solid/liquid interface with high spatial resolution is essential to many emerging research areas. Nanoscale electrochemical imaging has emerged as a complementary technique to advanced AFM techniques, providing information on electrochemical interfacial processes. While this review presents a brief introduction to advanced AFM imaging modes, such as multiparametric AFM and topography recognition imaging, the main focus herein is on electrochemical imaging via hybrid AFM-scanning electrochemical microscopy. Recent applications and the challenges associated with such nanoelectrochemical imaging strategies are presented.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of internal interfaces in layered materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ishida ◽  
Hideki Ichinose ◽  
Yutaka Takahashi ◽  
Jin-yeh Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Layered Materials ◽  
Plane Boundary ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Layer Plane ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Cubic Metals

Layered materials draw attention in recent years in response to the world-wide drive to discover new functional materials. High-Tc superconducting oxide is one example. Internal interfaces in such layered materials differ significantly from those of cubic metals. They are often parallel to the layer of the neighboring crystals in sintered samples(layer plane boundary), while periodically ordered interfaces with the two neighboring crystals in mirror symmetry to each other are relatively rare. Consequently, the atomistic features of the interface differ significantly from those of cubic metals. In this paper grain boundaries in sintered high-Tc superconducting oxides, joined interfaces between engineering ceramics with metals, and polytype interfaces in vapor-deposited bicrystal are examined to collect atomic information of the interfaces in layered materials. The analysis proved that they are not neccessarily more complicated than that of simple grain boundaries in cubic metals. The interfaces are majorly layer plane type which is parallel to the compound layer. Secondly, chemical information is often available, which helps the interpretation of the interface atomic structure.

X-ray microprobe for materials science

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
G.E. Ice
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
New Information ◽  
Elemental Sensitivity

The increasing availability of synchrotron x-ray sources has stimulated the development of advanced hard x-ray (E≥5 keV) microprobes. With new x-ray optics these microprobes can achieve micron and submicron spatial resolutions. The inherent elemental and crystallographic sensitivity of an x-ray microprobe and its inherently nondestructive and penetrating nature will have important applications to materials science. For example, x-ray fluorescent microanalysis of materials can reveal elemental distributions with greater sensitivity than alternative nondestructive probes. In materials, segregation and nonuniform distributions are the rule rather than the exception. Common interfaces to whichsegregation occurs are surfaces, grain and precipitate boundaries, dislocations, and surfaces formed by defects such as vacancy and interstitial configurations. In addition to chemical information, an x-ray diffraction microprobe can reveal the local structure of a material by detecting its phase, crystallographic orientation and strain.Demonstration experiments have already exploited the penetrating nature of an x-ray microprobe and its inherent elemental sensitivity to provide new information about elemental distributions in novel materials.

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