Increasing Antibiotic Susceptibility: The Use of Cationic Gold Nanoparticles in Gram-Negative Bacterial Membrane Models

Introduction: Pyogenic infections are an important cause of sepsis. These infections are difficult to treat because of the pathogens with increasing antibiotic resistance. It is important to know the pathogens causing the infections and its antibiotic susceptibility for proper management of the patients. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 1428 culture positive pus and tissue samples received in the department of microbiology from various departments in the hospital between January 2012 to 2017 was performed. Data regarding the pathogen isolated and its antimicrobial susceptibility were collected and analyzed. The specimens were primarily processed, as per standard methods. Identification and susceptibility testing was done using the Vitek-2C system. Results: Among the samples males outnumbered females (M: F-2.5:1) and the median age was 47 years. The total number of patients were 1428 with total number of isolates being 1525 as in our study monomicrobial infections were seen in 93.2% (1331/1428) patients whereas combined infections with growth of two pathogens in 6.8% (97/1428). Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 68.3% (1042/1525). Among the Gram-negative bacilli Escherichia coli was the major pathogen isolated (38.6%, 403/1042). Gram positive organisms were isolated in 31.6% (483/1525) of cases and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated (91.7%, 443/483). Rare pathogens like Burkholderia pseudomallei in 3 patients and Nocardia in one patient were also isolated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes to understand the common organisms isolated from wound infections and it helps in empirical treatment of patients based on antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

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Prevalence of gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds and antibiotic susceptibility pattern; a study conducted on stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.10.6287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1376-1380

Author(s):

Saeeda Nabat ul Hassan ◽

Khushbu Farva ◽

Ghulam Asghar Bhutta

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Burn Wounds ◽

Study Results ◽

Patient Department

Objective: To study prevalence of various gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds among stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department on follow-ups. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: January to June 2020. Material & Methods: Patients with burn wounds with clinical signs and symptoms of infection but vitally stable, wound less than one month old involving < 20% body surface, reporting to out-patient door of study institution on follow-ups were enrolled into the study. Swabs of infected wounds were taken and sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity to the pathology department of the institution, where micro flora were isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using standard techniques. Consent was taken from patients before including them in study. Results: Total 210 cases were studied. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 190 cases, out of them 30% were oxidase positive ad 70% were oxidase negative. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (30%), followed by Proteus Sps. (25.3%) and Entero bacter Sps. (15.8%) etc. Conclusion: Among gram negative bacteria pseudomonas is a major isolated organism from infected burn wounds having high susceptibility to imipenem and cefepime.

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Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases ◽

10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 222-226

Author(s):

Madhulika Mistry ◽

Arpita Bhattacharya ◽

Twinkle Kumar Parmar

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Neonatal Septicemia ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

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Urinary Tract Infection Due to Non-fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽

10.3126/nutaj.v7i1-2.39935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Yadav ◽

Uday Kant Jha ◽

Jeevan Bahadur Sherchan

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

The Body ◽

University Teaching ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of bacterial infection of the body affecting humans throughout their lifetime. They are a frequent cause of nosocomial in fection in many hospitals. Therefore, this study was designed to isolate and identify the non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing UTI in hospitalized patients and determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile. This study was carried in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal among hospitalized patients. The urine sample was cultured and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolated NFGNB was determined by standard microbiological procedures. Among the total of 49 NFGNB isolates, Acinetobacter species (n=21, 42.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=21, 42.9%) were the major isolates and the remaining was Burkholderia cepacia complex (n=7, 14.3%). These isolates were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics. From the present study, it is clear that NFGNB are an important bacterial pathogen capable of producing UTI in hospitalized patients.

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