Slow Discharge Theory and Calculation of the Potential Drop across the Compact Layer at High Electrode Voltages

Langmuir ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (45) ◽  
pp. 14458-14464
Author(s):  
Babak Kashir ◽  
Anthony E. Perri ◽  
Alexander L. Yarin ◽  
Farzad Mashayek
Keyword(s):  
Potential Drop ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Slow Discharge

Kinetics of compact layer formation and growth of 1,10-phenanthroline at the electrode surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 1597-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Benedetti ◽  
M Borsari ◽  
C Fontanesi ◽  
G Battistuzzi Gavioli
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Kinetics Of

Corrosion of Electronic and Magnetic Devices and Materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Disk Structure ◽  
Magnetic Layers ◽  
Ohmic Potential Drop ◽  
Corrosion Problem ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility

ABSTRACTCorrosion of thin film structures commonly used in electronic and magnetic devices is discussed. Typical failure modes are presented, and galvanic corrosion is discussed in some detail since it is one common problem with such devices. A graphical explanation for the determination of the ohmic potential drop during galvanic corrosion is presented. The corrosion problem of thin film disks is shown to have changed during the past ten years owing to changes in disk structure. The corrosion susceptibility of two antiferromagnetic alloys used for exchange coupling to soft magnetic layers is discussed.

The Influence of Disintegration of Hard Coal Varieties of Different Metamorphism Grade on the Amount of Sorbed Ethane / Wpływ rozdrobnienia odmian węgla kamiennego o różnym stopniu metamorfizmu na ilości sorbowanego etanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Żyła ◽  
Agnieszka Dudzińska ◽  
Janusz Cygankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Surface ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Ethane constitutes an explosive gas. It most often accompanies methane realizing during exploitation and mining works. In this paper the results of ethane sorption have been discussed on three grain classes of six selected hard coal samples collected from active Polish coalmines. On the basis of obtained results, it has been stated that the tested hard coals prove differentiated sorption power with reference to ethane. Te extreme amount of ethane is sorbed by low carbonized hard coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine. This sort of coal shows great porosity, and great content of oxygen and moisture. The least amount of ethane is sorbed by hard coal from “Sośnica” coalmine. This sort of coal possesses relatively a great deal of ash contents. Together with the process of coal disintegration, the amount of sorbed ethane increases for all tested coal samples. Between tested coals there are three medium carbonized samples collected from “Pniówek”, “Chwałowice” “Zofiówka” coalmines which are characterized by small surface values counted according to model BET from nitrogen sorption isotherms determined at the temperature of 77.5 K. The samples of these three coals prove the highest, from between tested coals, increase of ethane sorption occurring together with their disintegration. These samples disintegrated to 0,063-0,075 mm grain class sorb ethane in the amount corresponding with the sorption quantity of low carbonized coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine in 0.5-0.7 mm grain class. It should be marked that the low carbonized samples collected from “Jaworzno” and Wesoła” coalmines possess large specific surface and great porosity and belong to coal group of “loose” spatial structure. Regarding profusion of sorbed ethane on disintegrated medium carbonized samples from “Pniówek”, “Zofiówka”, “Chwałowice” coalmines it can be supposed that in the process of coal disintegration, breaking their “compact’ structure occurs. Loosened structure of medium carbonized coals results in increasing accessibility of ethane particles to sorption centres both electron donors and electron acceptors which are present on hard coal surface. The surface sorption centre increase may result in formation a compact layer of ethane particles on coal surface. In the formed layer, not only the strengths of vertical binding of ethane particles with the coal surface appear but also the impact of horizontal strengths appears which forms a compact layer of sorbed ethane particles. The surface layer of ethane particles may lead to explosion.

Improved Compliance Solutions for C(T), SE(B) and Clamped SE(T) Specimens Including Side-Grooves, Varying Thicknesses and 3-D Effects

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique B. Donato ◽  
Felipe Cavalheiro Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Unloading Compliance ◽  
Integrity Assessments ◽  
Elastic Unloading

Fracture toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) experimental data represent the basis for accurate designs and integrity assessments of components containing crack-like defects. Considering ductile and high toughness structural materials, crack growing curves (e.g. J-R curves) and FCG data (in terms of da/dN vs. ΔK or ΔJ) assumed paramount relevance since characterize, respectively, ductile fracture and cyclic crack growth conditions. In common, these two types of mechanical properties severely depend on real-time and precise crack size estimations during laboratory testing. Optical, electric potential drop or (most commonly) elastic unloading compliance (C) techniques can be employed. In the latter method, crack size estimation derives from C using a dimensionless parameter (μ) which incorporates specimen’s thickness (B), elasticity (E) and compliance itself. Plane stress and plane strain solutions for μ are available in several standards regarding C(T), SE(B) and M(T) specimens, among others. Current challenges include: i) real specimens are in neither plane stress nor plane strain - modulus vary between E (plane stress) and E/(1-ν2) (plane strain), revealing effects of thickness and 3-D configurations; ii) furthermore, side-grooves affect specimen’s stiffness, leading to an “effective thickness”. Previous results from current authors revealed deviations larger than 10% in crack size estimations following existing practices, especially for shallow cracks and side-grooved samples. In addition, compliance solutions for the emerging clamped SE(T) specimens are not yet standardized. As a step in this direction, this work investigates 3-D, thickness and side-groove effects on compliance solutions applicable to C(T), SE(B) and clamped SE(T) specimens. Refined 3-D elastic FE-models provide Load-CMOD evolutions. The analysis matrix includes crack depths between a/W=0.1 and a/W=0.7 and varying thicknesses (W/B = 4, W/B = 2 and W/B = 1). Side-grooves of 5%, 10% and 20% are also considered. The results include compliance solutions incorporating all aforementioned effects to provide accurate crack size estimation during laboratory fracture and FCG testing. All proposals revealed reduced deviations if compared to existing solutions.

Modeling and performance analysis of dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO compact layer and TiO2 photoanode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji.Olalekan Salau ◽  
Ademola Stanford Olufemi ◽  
Gabriel Oluleye ◽  
Victor Adewale Owoeye ◽  
Isiaka Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tio2 Photoanode

scholarly journals Gross morphology and microstructure of type locality ossicles of Psephophorus polygonus Meyer, 1847 (Testudines, Dermochelyidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMO DELFINO ◽  
TORSTEN M. SCHEYER ◽  
FRANCESCO CHESI ◽  
TAMARA FLETCHER ◽  
RICHARD GEMEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Growth Centres

AbstractPsephophorus polygonus Meyer, 1847, the first fossil leatherback turtle to be named, was described on the basis of shell ossicles from the middle Miocene (MN6–7/8?) of Slovakia. The whereabouts of this material is uncertain but a slab on display at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien is considered the neotype. We rediscovered further type locality ossicles in four European institutions, re-evaluated their gross morphology and described for the first time their microstructure by comparing them with Dermochelys coriacea, the only living dermochelyid turtle. The gross morphology is congruent with that already described for P. polygonus, but with two significant exceptions: the ridged ossicles of P. polygonus may have a distinctly concave ventral surface as well as a tectiform shape in cross-section. They do not develop the external keel typical of many ossicles of D. coriacea. Both ridged and non-ridged ossicles of P. polygonus are characterized by compact diploe structures with an internal cortex consisting of a coarse fibrous meshwork, whereas the proportionately thinner ossicles of D. coriacea tend to lose the internal cortex, and thus their diploe, during ontogeny. The ossicles of both P. polygonus and D. coriacea differ from those of other lineages of amniotes whose carapace is composed of polygonal ossicles or platelets, in having growth centres situated at the plate centres just interior to the external bone surface and not within the cancellous core or closer to the internal compact layer. The new diagnosis of P. polygonus allows us to preliminarily re-evaluate the taxonomy of some of the Psephophorus-like species. Despite some macro- and micromorphological differences, it seems likely that Psephophorus was as cosmopolitan as extant Dermochelys and had a broadly similar ecology, with a possible difference concerning the dive depth.

Dynamic Crack Propagation in Single-Crystalline Silicon

1998 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cramer ◽  
A. Wanner ◽  
P. Gumbsch
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Dynamic Crack Propagation ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Single Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Crack Propagation Velocity

AbstractTensile tests on notched plates of single-crystalline silicon were carried out at high overloads. Cracks were forced to propagate on {110} planes in a <110> direction. The dynamics of the fracture process was measured using the potential drop technique and correlated with the fracture surface morphology. Crack propagation velocity did not exceed a terminal velocity of v = 3800 m/s, which corresponds to 83%7 of the Rayleigh wave velocity vR. Specimens fractured at low stresses exhibited crystallographic cleavage whereas a transition from mirror-like smooth regions to rougher hackle zones was observed in case of the specimens fractured at high stresses. Inspection of the mirror zone at high magnification revealed a deviation of the {110} plane onto {111} crystallographic facets.

Improving the accuracy of the charge-sheet model for the long-channel metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-998
Author(s):  
N. G. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Analytic Approximation ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Long Channel

It is shown that the accuracy of the charge-sheet model for the long-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor can be improved by allowing for the small potential drop across the inversion layer, and by using a more accurate analytic approximation for the charge stored in the depletion region.

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