Solvent-Additive Coordination Effect on Lead-Iodide Precursor for Enlarging Grain Size of Perovskite Film

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungwoo Kim ◽  
Ji Hoon Seo ◽  
Srikanta Palei ◽  
Kwanyong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Coordination Effect ◽  
Solvent Additive

The Effect of Ethanol Solvent on Characterization of MAPbI3 Perovskite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malik Abood ◽  
Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil ◽  
Aref Saleh Baron
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Photovoltaic

Methyl ammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite was synthesized by a new method mixing between one and two steps, in addition, the ethanol solvent was used to dissolve CH3NH3I and compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples included the structural properties, morphological characteristics and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent while disappearing at a peak at 12o due to the speed reaction of perovskite in this solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increasing the grain size of perovskite which homogeneity of the surface morphology. the ethanol solvent cause a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. Keywords: Ethanol Solvent, Perovskite, Photovoltaic Technologies, X-ray diffraction.

Enhanced Grain Size and Crystallinity in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Films by Metal Additives to the Single-Step Solution Fabrication Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (55) ◽  
pp. 3237-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrah S. Almutawah ◽  
Suneth C. Watthage ◽  
Zhaoning Song ◽  
Ramez H. Ahangharnejhad ◽  
Kamala K. Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

ABSTRACTMethods of obtaining large grain size and high crystallinity in absorber materials play an important role in fabrication of high-performance methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells. Here we study the effect of adding small concentrations of Cd2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+salts to the perovskite precursor solution used in the single-step solution fabrication process. Enhanced grain size and crystallinity in MAPbI3 films were obtained by using 0.1% of Cd2+ or Zn2+in the precursor solution. Consequently, solar cells constructed with Cd- and Zn-doped perovskite films show a significant improvement in device performance. These results suggest that the process may be an effective and facile method to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Organic solvent vapor treatment of lead iodide layers in the two-step sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. El-Henawey ◽  
Ryan S. Gebhardt ◽  
M. M. El-Tonsy ◽  
Sumit Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Sequential Deposition ◽  
Vapor Treatment

The two step sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells has been modified by applying toluene and chlorobenzene vapors during the preparation of PbI2 films leading to the growth of the PbI2 grain size.

Grain-Size-Limited Mobility in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadiah G. Reid ◽  
Mengjin Yang ◽  
Nikos Kopidakis ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Garry Rumbles
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Improving Opto-Electronic Performance of Mixed-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells Through Surface-Treatment Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Danish Khan ◽  
Muhammad Mateen ◽  
Zulqarnain Arain ◽  
Manoj Kumar Panjwani ◽  
Jerry Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Electronic Performance

Among thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells are receiving close review by the researchers due to rapid increase in efficiency during the last decade. Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) are easy in fabrication as well as cost-effective but these solar cells are facing challenges of stability under normal environmental conditions. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are polycrystalline in nature but still lacking the effective optical and electrical properties, and one of the big reasons behind it is the less grain size. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (FAI) treatment was applied along with deposition of MAPbI3. The grain size was increased which further decreased defects of film surface and grain boundary between the grains. The treatment also helped improving the crystallinity of films, as well as opto-electronic characteristics of PSCs. The FAI treated PSCs showed more resilience stability than untreated PSCs in terms of aged power conversion efficiency (PCE). The complete investigation was done by comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, X-ray diffraction peaks, UV-Vis absorbance and mean grain size of the FAI treated and non-FAI treated films.

Impact of Divalent Metal Additives on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Prepared by the Two-Step Solution Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneth C. Watthage ◽  
Zhaoning Song ◽  
Niraj Shrestha ◽  
Adam B. Phillips ◽  
Geethika K. Liyanage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Optoelectronic Properties ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Structural And Optoelectronic Properties

ABSTRACTHere, we investigate the effect of divalent metal (Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+) on the structural and optoelectronic properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite materials prepared by the two-step deposition process. The incorporation of Cd2+ significantly improved the grain size, crystallinity, and charge carrier lifetime of CH3NH3PbI3. The inclusion of Hg2+ and Zn2+ improved the grain size compare to the control sample but adversely affected the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films. The Hg- and Zn-based impurities were formed on the surface of the films, which increased the charge trap density and lead to high non-radiative recombination rate. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements indicated that the Cd and Zn point defects do not create deep-level trap states, but the Zn-modified film showed a low lifetime due to morphology changes in the film and particle segregation on the surface.

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

Aspects of microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
R. Sinclair ◽  
B.E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Transmission Electron

INTRODUCTIONThe prospect of performing chemical analysis of thin specimens at any desired level of resolution is particularly appealing to the materials scientist. Commercial TEM-based systems are now available which virtually provide this capability. The purpose of this contribution is to illustrate its application to problems which would have been intractable until recently, pointing out some current limitations.X-RAY ANALYSISIn an attempt to fabricate superconducting materials with high critical currents and temperature, thin Nb3Sn films have been prepared by electron beam vapor deposition [1]. Fine-grain size material is desirable which may be achieved by codeposition with small amounts of Al2O3 . Figure 1 shows the STEM microstructure, with large (∽ 200 Å dia) voids present at the grain boundaries. Higher quality TEM micrographs (e.g. fig. 2) reveal the presence of small voids within the grains which are absent in pure Nb3Sn prepared under identical conditions. The X-ray spectrum from large (∽ lμ dia) or small (∽100 Ǻ dia) areas within the grains indicates only small amounts of A1 (fig.3).

Novel magneto-optical recording materials: Bi-substituted garnet films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Hossein Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Garnet Film ◽  
Media Noise ◽  
Garnet Films ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
A Current

For future high density magneto-optical recording materials, a Bi-substituted garnet film ((BiDy)3(FeGa)5O12) is an attractive candidate since it has strong magneto-optic effect at short wavelengths less than 600 nm. The signal in read back performance at 500 nm using a garnet film can be an order of magnitude higher than a current rare earth-transition metal amorphous film. However, the granularity and surface roughness of such crystalline garnet films are the key to control for minimizing media noise.We have demonstrated a new technique to fabricate a garnet film which has much smaller grain size and smoother surfaces than those annealed in a conventional oven. This method employs a high ramp-up rate annealing (Γ = 50 ~ 100 C/s) in nitrogen atmosphere. Fig.1 shows a typical microstruture of a Bi-susbtituted garnet film deposited by r.f. sputtering and then subsequently crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing technique at Γ = 50 C/s at 650 °C for 2 min. The structure is a single phase of garnet, and a grain size is about 300A.

Structure of second phases in TiAl alloys containing Cr and B

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Ernest L. Hall ◽  
Shyh-Chin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Interstitial Elements

Addition of interstitial elements to γ-TiAl alloys is currently being explored as a method for improving the properties of these alloys. Previous work in which a number of interstitial elements were studied showed that boron was particularly effective in refining the grain size in castings, and led to enhanced strength while maintaining reasonable ductility. Other investigators have shown that B in γ-TiAl alloys tends to promote the formation of TiB2 as a second phase. In this study, the microstructure of Bcontaining TiAl alloys was examined in detail in order to describe the mechanism by which B alters the structure and properties of these alloys.

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