Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/Graphene Oxide Scaffold: Enhanced Properties and Promoted in Vivo Bone Repair in Rats

As life expectancy continues to increase, the inevitable weakening and rupture of bone tissue have grown as concerns in the medical community, thus leading to the need for adhesive materials suitable for bone repair applications. However, current commercially available adhesives face certain drawbacks that prevent proper tissue repair, such as low biocompatibility, poor adhesion to wet surfaces, and the need for high polymerization temperatures. This work aims to develop an injectable and photo-responsive chitosan methacrylate/graphene oxide (ChiMA/GO) adhesive nanocomposite hydrogel of high biocompatibility that is easy to apply by simple extrusion and that offers the possibility for in situ polymer and physiological temperatures. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized spectroscopically, microscopically, rheologically, thermally, and through mechanical, textural, and biological assays to fully evaluate its correct synthesis and functionalization and its performance under physiological conditions that mimic those observed in vivo. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was used to evaluate its performance in femur fractures. Results suggest the material’s potential as a bioadhesive, as it can polymerize at room temperature, shows superior stability in physiological media, and is capable of withstanding loads from body weight and movement. Moreover, the material showed remarkable biocompatibility as evidenced by low hemolytic and intermediate platelet aggregation tendencies, and high cytocompatibility when in contact with osteoblasts. The comprehensive studies presented here strongly suggest that the developed hydrogels are promising alternatives to conventional bone adhesives that might be further tested in vivo in the near future.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Graphene Oxide Based Recyclable in Vivo Device for Amperometric Monitoring of Interferon-γ in Inflammatory Mice.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.734441812.793553064 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Howard Young

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Interferon Γ

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Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1983-1987

Author(s):

Cristian Trambitas ◽

Anca Maria Pop ◽

Alina Dia Trambitas Miron ◽

Dorin Constantin Dorobantu ◽

Flaviu Tabaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Calvarial Bone ◽

Specific Protocol ◽

Repair Mechanisms ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.

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In vitro and in vivo characterization of graphene oxide coated porcine bone granules

Carbon ◽

10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 291-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Valeria Ettorre ◽

Patrizia De Marco ◽

Susi Zara ◽

Vittoria Perrotti ◽

Antonio Scarano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

In Vivo Characterization

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Biomimetic reduced graphene oxide coated collagen scaffold for in situ bone regeneration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96271-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sajad Bahrami ◽

Nafiseh Baheiraei ◽

Mostafa Shahrezaee

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Coated Collagen

AbstractA variety of bone-related diseases and injures and limitations of traditional regeneration methods require new tissue substitutes. Tissue engineering and regeneration combined with nanomedicine can provide different natural or synthetic and combined scaffolds with bone mimicking properties for implantation in the injured area. In this study, we synthesized collagen (Col) and reduced graphene oxide coated collagen (Col-rGO) scaffolds, and we evaluated their in vitro and in vivo effects on bone tissue repair. Col and Col-rGO scaffolds were synthesized by chemical crosslinking and freeze-drying methods. The surface topography, and the mechanical and chemical properties of scaffolds were characterized, showing three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds and successful coating of rGO on Col. The rGO coating enhanced the mechanical strength of Col-rGO scaffolds to a greater extent than Col scaffolds by 2.8 times. Furthermore, Col-rGO scaffolds confirmed that graphene addition induced no cytotoxic effects and enhanced the viability and proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with 3D adherence and expansion. Finally, scaffold implantation into rabbit cranial bone defects for 12 weeks showed increased bone formation, confirmed by Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) and alizarin red staining. Overall, the study showed that rGO coating improves Col scaffold properties and could be a promising implant for bone injuries.

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Bone defect reconstruction via endochondral ossification: A developmental engineering strategy

Journal of Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1177/20417314211004211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204173142110042

Author(s):

Rao Fu ◽

Chuanqi Liu ◽

Yuxin Yan ◽

Qingfeng Li ◽

Ru-Lin Huang

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Endochondral Ossification ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Endochondral Bone ◽

Defect Reconstruction ◽

Hypoxic Conditions ◽

Bone Defect Reconstruction

Traditional bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies induce direct bone-like matrix formation by mimicking the embryological process of intramembranous ossification. However, the clinical translation of these clinical strategies for bone repair is hampered by limited vascularization and poor bone regeneration after implantation in vivo. An alternative strategy for overcoming these drawbacks is engineering cartilaginous constructs by recapitulating the embryonic processes of endochondral ossification (ECO); these constructs have shown a unique ability to survive under hypoxic conditions as well as induce neovascularization and ossification. Such developmentally engineered constructs can act as transient biomimetic templates to facilitate bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This review introduces the concept and mechanism of developmental BTE, explores the routes of endochondral bone graft engineering, highlights the current state of the art in large bone defect reconstruction via ECO-based strategies, and offers perspectives on the challenges and future directions of translating current knowledge from the bench to the bedside.

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Doxorubicin loaded magnetism nanoparticles based on cyclodextrin dendritic-graphene oxide inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation

BioMolecular Concepts ◽

10.1515/bmc-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Ainaz Mihanfar ◽

Niloufar Targhazeh ◽

Shirin Sadighparvar ◽

Saber Ghazizadeh Darband ◽

Maryam Majidinia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽

Release Studies ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Mcf 7

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, its poor solubility, undesirable side effects, and short half-life have remained a challenge. We used a formulation based on graphene oxide as an anticancer drug delivery system for DOX in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, to address these issues. In vitro release studies confirmed that the synthesized formulation has an improved release profile in acidic conditions (similar to the tumor microenvironment). Further in vitro studies, including MTT, uptake, and apoptosis assays were performed. The toxic effects of the nanocarrier on the kidney, heart and liver of healthy rats were also evaluated. We observed that the DOX-loaded carrier improved the cytotoxic effect of DOX on the breast cell line compared to free DOX. In summary, our results introduce the DOX-loaded carrier as a potential platform for in vitro targeting of cancer cells and suggest further studies are necessary to investigate its in vivo anti-cancer potential.

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Graphene and Reproduction: A Love-Hate Relationship

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11020547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Marina Ramal-Sanchez ◽

Antonella Fontana ◽

Luca Valbonetti ◽

Alessandra Ordinelli ◽

Nicola Bernabò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Scientometric Analysis ◽

Potential Toxicity ◽

Good Tool ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

The Individual

Since its discovery, graphene and its multiple derivatives have been extensively used in many fields and with different applications, even in biomedicine. Numerous efforts have been made to elucidate the potential toxicity derived from their use, giving rise to an adequate number of publications with varied results. On this basis, the study of the reproductive function constitutes a good tool to evaluate not only the toxic effects derived from the use of these materials directly on the individual, but also the potential toxicity passed on to the offspring. By providing a detailed scientometric analysis, the present review provides an updated overview gathering all the research studies focused on the use of graphene and graphene-based materials in the reproductive field, highlighting the consequences and effects reported to date from experiments performed in vivo and in vitro and in different animal species (from Archea to mammals). Special attention is given to the oxidized form of graphene, graphene oxide, which has been recently investigated for its ability to increase the in vitro fertilization outcomes. Thus, the potential use of graphene oxide against infertility is hypothesized here, probably by engineering the spermatozoa and thus manipulating them in a safer and more efficient way.

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The Structure–Properties–Cytotoxicity Interplay: A Crucial Pathway to Determining Graphene Oxide Biocompatibility

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5401

Author(s):

Marta Dziewięcka ◽

Mirosława Pawlyta ◽

Łukasz Majchrzycki ◽

Katarzyna Balin ◽

Sylwia Barteczko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Toxicity Potential ◽

Potential Applications

Interest in graphene oxide nature and potential applications (especially nanocarriers) has resulted in numerous studies, but the results do not lead to clear conclusions. In this paper, graphene oxide is obtained by multiple synthesis methods and generally characterized. The mechanism of GO interaction with the organism is hard to summarize due to its high chemical activity and variability during the synthesis process and in biological buffers’ environments. When assessing the biocompatibility of GO, it is necessary to take into account many factors derived from nanoparticles (structure, morphology, chemical composition) and the organism (species, defense mechanisms, adaptation). This research aims to determine and compare the in vivo toxicity potential of GO samples from various manufacturers. Each GO sample is analyzed in two concentrations and applied with food. The physiological reactions of an easy model Acheta domesticus (cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative defense, DNA damage) during ten-day lasting exposure were observed. This study emphasizes the variability of the GO nature and complements the biocompatibility aspect, especially in the context of various GO-based experimental models. Changes in the cell biomarkers are discussed in light of detailed physicochemical analysis.

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