Structure and Insight into Blue Light-Induced Changes in the BlrP1 BLUF Domain†,‡

Biochemistry ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Kevin H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Bluf Domain ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Control of microtubule dynamics using an optogenetic microtubule plus end–F-actin cross-linker

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Adikes ◽  
Ryan A. Hallett ◽  
Brian F. Saway ◽  
Brian Kuhlman ◽  
Kevin C. Slep
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster S2 Cells ◽  
Actin Binding Domain ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Insight Into

We developed a novel optogenetic tool, SxIP–improved light-inducible dimer (iLID), to facilitate the reversible recruitment of factors to microtubule (MT) plus ends in an end-binding protein–dependent manner using blue light. We show that SxIP-iLID can track MT plus ends and recruit tgRFP-SspB upon blue light activation. We used this system to investigate the effects of cross-linking MT plus ends and F-actin in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells to gain insight into spectraplakin function and mechanism. We show that SxIP-iLID can be used to temporally recruit an F-actin binding domain to MT plus ends and cross-link the MT and F-actin networks. Cross-linking decreases MT growth velocities and generates a peripheral MT exclusion zone. SxIP-iLID facilitates the general recruitment of specific factors to MT plus ends with temporal control enabling researchers to systematically regulate MT plus end dynamics and probe MT plus end function in many biological processes.

scholarly journals Identification of Sox2 and NeuN Double-Positive Cells in the Mouse Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus and Their Reduction in Number With Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Sugiura ◽  
Tatsuhiro Shimizu ◽  
Takeshi Kameyama ◽  
Tomohiko Maruo ◽  
Shin Kedashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Cells ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Insight Into

The hypothalamus plays a central role in homeostasis and aging. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) controls homeostasis of food intake and energy expenditure and retains adult neural stem cells (NSCs)/progenitor cells. Aging induces the loss of NSCs and the enhancement of inflammation, including the activation of glial cells in the ARC, but aging-associated alterations of the hypothalamic cells remain obscure. Here, we identified Sox2 and NeuN double-positive cells in a subpopulation of cells in the mouse ARC. These cells were reduced in number with aging, although NeuN-positive neuronal cells were unaltered in the total number. Diet-induced obesity mice fed with high-fat diet presented a similar hypothalamic alteration to aged mice. This study provides a new insight into aging-induced changes in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Role of Short-wavelength Blue Light in the Formation of Cataract and Expression of Caspase-1, -11 and Gasdermin D in rat Lens Epithelium Cells: Insight into the Novel Pathogenesis of Cataract.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Zhaowei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Epithelium Cells ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Cataracts have been verified to be associated with a number of risk factors. The sun and artificial light sources, including light-emitting diode (LED) and fluorescent light tubes, are the primary sources of short-wavelength blue light. With the increasing popularity of blue-rich LED-backlit display devices, our eyes are now exposed to more short-wavelength blue light than they were in the past. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of short-wavelength blue light in the formation of cataract. Additionally, the pathogenesis of cataracts after short-wavelength light exposure was investigated.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups: a control group (10 rats each for the 4-, 8-, and 12-week groups) and an experimental group (10 rats each for the 4-, 8-, and 12-week groups). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to a short-wavelength blue LED lamp for 12 hours per day. After exposure to the blue LED lamp, the rats were maintained in total darkness for 12 hours, after which a 12-hour light/dark cycle was resumed. The intensity of the lamp was 3000 lux. At the end of the short-wavelength blue LED lamp exposure (for 4, 8, and 12 weeks), the expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in rat epithelium cells (LECs) were examined in rat epithelial cells (LECs) using qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. Results After 6 weeks, cataracts had developed in the experimental rats (4/20 eyes). The clarity of the lens then gradually worsened with the duration of exposure. Twelve weeks later, all of the rat eyes had developed cataracts. Then the expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-11 and GSDMD at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were significantly higher in samples from rats exposed to a short-wavelength blue LED lamp than samples from control rat (p˂0.05). Conclusion The data indicate that pyroptosis play a key role of in cataracts induced by short-wavelength blue light exposure, highlighting caspase-1, caspase-11 and GSDMD as possible therapeutic targets for cataract treatment. This study might provide new insight into the novel pathogenesis of cataracts.

scholarly journals Integrative Omic Profiling Reveals Unique Hypoxia Induced Signatures in Gastric Cancer Associated Myofibroblasts

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Hanna Najgebauer ◽  
Andrew Jarnuczak ◽  
Andrea Varro ◽  
Christopher Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Cancer Cell Migration ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Functional Characterisation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Insight Into

Although hypoxia is known to contribute to several aspects of tumour progression, relatively little is known about the effects of hypoxia on cancer-associated myofibroblasts (CAMs), or the consequences that conditional changes in CAM function may have on tumour development and metastasis. To investigate this issue in the context of gastric cancer, a comparative multiomic analysis was performed on populations of patient-derived myofibroblasts, cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Data from this study reveal a novel set of CAM-specific hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression and secreted proteins. Significantly, these signatures are not observed in either patient matched adjacent tissue myofibroblasts (ATMs) or non-cancer associated normal tissue myofibroblasts (NTMs). Functional characterisation of different myofibroblast populations shows that hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression not only enhance the ability of CAMs to induce cancer cell migration, but also confer pro-tumorigenic (CAM-like) properties in NTMs. This study provides the first global mechanistic insight into the molecular changes that contribute to hypoxia-induced pro-tumorigenic changes in gastric stromal myofibroblasts.

scholarly journals A new on-axis multimode spectrometer for the macromolecular crystallography beamlines of the Swiss Light Source

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Owen ◽  
Arwen R. Pearson ◽  
Alke Meents ◽  
Pirmin Boehler ◽  
Vincent Thominet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Swiss Light Source ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Insight Into

X-ray crystallography at third-generation synchrotron sources permits tremendous insight into the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules. Additional information is, however, often required to aid the transition from structure to function. In situ spectroscopic methods such as UV–Vis absorption and (resonance) Raman can provide this, and can also provide a means of detecting X-ray-induced changes. Here, preliminary results are introduced from an on-axis UV–Vis absorption and Raman multimode spectrometer currently being integrated into the beamline environment at X10SA of the Swiss Light Source. The continuing development of the spectrometer is also outlined.

scholarly journals Individual foraging variation drives social organization in bottlenose dolphins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Methion ◽  
Bruno Díaz López
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Shellfish Farms ◽  
Generalized Affiliation Indices ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Identifying foraging variation within a population and assessing its relationship with social structure is essential to increase knowledge about the evolution of social systems. Here, we investigated individual foraging variation in bottlenose dolphins and its potential influence on their social organization. We used generalized affiliation indices and applied social network analysis to data collected over four consecutive years of research in a coastal area subject to significant use and pressure by humans. Our findings revealed variation in foraging behavior among individual bottlenose dolphins, which in turn shapes their social organization. Our results indicated that individuals that frequently foraged within human-altered areas (i.e., shellfish farms) exhibited weaker Strength, Reach, and Affinity compared to others. These bottlenose dolphins profit from a reliable and easily located food source, which may increase their energy intake and interindividual competition. In contrast, individuals that foraged less frequently within the shellfish farms occupied a central position within the network and exhibited strong associations. These individuals may benefit from increased cooperation and reduced intragroup competition, thus increasing learning and information sharing, as they may face a patchy and irregular distribution of prey. We also demonstrated that bottlenose dolphins preferred to affiliate with other individuals with similar foraging strategies (i.e., homophily), which could promote, through time, a segregation of the population into behaviorally distinct groups. These findings provide valuable insight into the evolution of bottlenose dolphin social systems and their response to human-induced changes in the marine environment.

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