Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyphenyl Ether

Author(s):  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
W. A. Marshall ◽  
R. E. Dolle ◽  
R. J. Benzing
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Monica Mironescu ◽  
Laura Fratila ◽  
Alexandru Hupert ◽  
Ion Dan Mironescu

Abstract This research investigates the physical-chemical, sensorial and mechanical characteristics of starch-based edible films incorporating three types of bee hive products: honey, propolis and bee bread, in concentrations varying from 1% to 3%, reported to starch. The results indicates an increasing of films moisture, water activity, ash content and acidity, in the order: honey<propolis<bee bread, all values increasing with the increasing of hive products percentage into the control film; aw is remaining at very low values, under 0.4. Sensorial analysis indicated honey as the better suited for improving taste and flavour and bee bread for increasing colour intensity of the films; the sensorial characteristics are maintained during 30 days of films storage, in all cases. Compared with the control starch-based film (which is elastic, brittle and hard), the films containing 2% bee hive products are elasto-plastic and more resistant to penetration, the resistance increasing in the order: bee bread<propolis<honey.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chewe Kambole ◽  
Phil Paige-Green ◽  
Williams Kehinde Kupolati ◽  
Julius Musyoka Ndambuki

Purpose Most developing countries simply dump ferrochrome slag as waste which occupies huge areas of useful land. The purpose of this study is to underscore the significance of reusing ferrochrome slag as a sustainable and eco-friendly road aggregate material, with the added benefits of preventing possible environmental pollution and promoting sustainable mining of non-renewable construction materials. Design/methodology/approach Physical-mechanical characteristics were investigated using various South African National Standards test procedures. Chemical and mineralogical characteristics were evaluated using the X-ray fluorescence and the X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test was used to evaluate the slag’s environmental suitability. Using two cement types, cement proportions of 1%, 2% and 3% of the slag aggregate weight mixed with optimum moisture content of the non-treated compacted slag were used to make lightly cemented ferrochrome slag aggregate (LCFSA) composites, subsequently tested for compressive strength. Findings Ferrochrome slag aggregates have excellent physical-mechanical characteristics that conform to international specifications for use in road base construction. The slag can be classified as non-hazardous solid waste. However, in acidic environments, some toxic elements may leach from the slag and pollute the environment. Optimum cement contents of 2.3% (CEM II) and 2.6% (CEM VB) can be mixed with the slag to produce LCFSA for road bases. Originality/value No research was found in literature on the use of LCFSA in road bases. This research, therefore, presents new data on mix design and strength properties of LCFSA as well as some physical-chemical characteristics of coarse ferrochrome slag aggregate.


Author(s):  
Ma. Angeles Enríquez-Pérez ◽  
Jaime Rosales-Davalos ◽  
Víctor Hugo Castrejón-Sánchez

Currently, the interest and the need to innovate new materials through the use of waste materials has grown, which meet similar or improved physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the materials they will replace. During the present investigation, Multilayer Containers (EM) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) were collected, particulate agglomerates with different proportions were obtained, the apparent density, water absorption, mass, volume, heat behavior, angle were determined. contact, machining and compression tests. With the objective of evaluating the proportions p / p in the properties. The advantage of the material obtained is that they do not generate waste and are 100% recyclable. The 90:10 ratio is the one that could be used in the construction industry as false walls, with a modulus of rupture of 52.7 N / mm2 and a compressive stress of 32.9 MP, because it can be machined without altering its characteristics. -physical houses; While the 85:15 and 80:20 proportions, since they cannot be machined, could be used as a floating support with a photocatalyst catalyst, due to the fact that these agglomerates have dimensional stability when in contact with water.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucretia Miu ◽  
Simona-Maria Paunescu ◽  
Maria-Cristina Micu ◽  
Iulia-Maria Caniola ◽  
Madalina Ignat ◽  
...  

Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by various tannins. This matrix, sooner or later undergoes alterations as a consequence of interactions between their structure and environment. A comprehensive study based on multiple chemical and physico-mechanical standard tests regarding leather samples which were artificially aged from 7 to 112 days has been made at 70°C. The behavior in artificial aging of calf leather samples tanned at pilot level with two different vegetal tannins, mimosa and quebracho, were investigated due to its’s similarity to the natural degradation of historical leather samples. Physico-mechanical characteristics of historical leather can be corelated with the high impact of degree of deterioration even though there are no standard regulations. To be able to choose the proper way to achieve compatibility with an appropriate material in the restoration-conservation process, multiple sample characteristic must be known. The condition of historical leather can be assessed by a series of simple visual and physical examinations which determine the flexibility, strength and coherency of the fibers and then correlate these assessments with the condition of leather as determined by various chemical and physical-chemical analyses. Therefore, the following chemical standard tests were made: volatile substances, shrinkage temperature, extractable substances, total soluble substances and the following physico-mechanical tests: tensile strength, elongation at breaking and tear resistance.


2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (61) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Kazakov ◽  
J.V. Gensiorovskiy ◽  
S.P. Zhiruev ◽  
M.S. Drevilo

AbstractSnowpacks can be described as monogenetic rock, where ice is the basic mineral. They can thus be described in terms of a lithologic complex, that is a cluster of different rocks related by formation process or geological era. The stratigraphic complex of snow cover can be cast as a lithologic complex formed in a certain landscape, passing through stages of sedimentation and diagenesis in similar conditions and forming in the same winter a similar spectrum of stratigraphic columns. The stratigraphic complex possesses similar stratification, structure and texture alongside physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. In landscapes of the same type located in different regions, the same type of stratigraphic complex is formed. The structural transformation of the snowpack is quantitatively described by coefficients of snowpack recrystallization, secondary stratification and texture. Landscape-indicative properties of snowpacks allow the construction of a unified taxonomic scale of stratigraphic complex with a hierarchy of levels: class, subclass, type, subtype and kind.


2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Leonid Levkov ◽  
Dmitry Shurygin ◽  
Vladimir Dub ◽  
Konstantin Kosyrev ◽  
Alan Balikoev

Oil&gas producing industry today is increased production volumes from old deposits on land, offshore and deep-water. The materials used to create modern equipment that meets these trends should be distinguished by increased productivity in conditions of corrosion and high pressure, to ensure trouble-free operation. In such conditions, taking into account the necessary provision of acceptable cost indicators, there is no alternative to duplex steels. Their crystal structure simultaneously allows using the advantages of ferritic and austenitic phases. The report presents the results of using a compositional and technological methods for structure management, the rationale alloying with copper (3.0-3.3%). Application of ESR in the manufacture of steel billets of super duplex steel has demonstrated the ability to simultaneously achieve physical, chemical and structural homogeneity, ensuring high corrosion&mechanical characteristics. The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the formation of optimal phase steel composition are determined. Grounded heat treatment regimes, prevent the formation of sigma and psi-phase and contribute to the formation of stable intermetallides (30-300 nm). Based on the test results of “Gazprom-VNIIGAZ” LLC the new steel is recommended for the manufacture of valve bodies and in-vessel internals used in the fields, that containing H2S and CO2 up to 25% in the fluid.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos J. Silva ◽  
Carolina P. Gonçalves ◽  
Kleber M. Galvão ◽  
Paulo H. P. D’Alpino ◽  
Fábio D. Nascimento

Abstract Objectives In this study, a collagen-rich biomembrane obtained from porcine ­intestinal submucosa for application in guided bone regeneration was developed and characterized. Then, its biological and mechanical properties were compared with that of commercial products (GenDerm [Baumer], Lumina-Coat [Critéria], Surgitime PTFE [Bionnovation], and Surgidry Dental F [Technodry]). Materials and Methods The biomembrane was extracted from porcine intestinal submucosa. Scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopic dispersive energy, glycosaminoglycan quantification, and confocal microscopy by intrinsic fluorescence were used to evaluate the collagen structural patterns of the biomembrane. Mechanical tensile and deformation tests were also performed. Statistical Analysis  The results of the methods used for experimental membrane characterizations were compared with that obtained by the commercial membranes and statistically analyzed (significance of 5%). Results The collagen-rich biomembrane developed also exhibited a more organized, less porous collagen fibril network, with the presence of glycosaminoglycans. The experimental biomembrane exhibited mechanical properties, tensile strength, and deformation behavior with improved average stress/strain when compared with other commercial membranes tested. Benefits also include a structured, flexible, and ­bioresorbable characteristics scaffold. Conclusions The experimental collagen-rich membrane developed presents physical–chemical, molecular, and mechanical characteristics similar to or better than that of the commercial products tested, possibly allowing it to actively participating in the process of bone neoformation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Farhangdoust ◽  
Sayed Mahmood Rabiee ◽  
Ali Zamanian ◽  
Mana Yasaei ◽  
Mina Khorami ◽  
...  

Scaffolds have to meet exacting physical, chemical, and biological criteria to function successfully, and those criteria vary with the type of tissue being repaired. In the present work, slurry with different initial content of 7.5-22.5 vol% HA prepared from calcinated hydroxyapatite. The prepared slurries freeze casted unidirectionally with the different cooling rate of 2-14°C/min with intervals of 3°C/min from the ambient temperature. Then, green bodies freeze-dried for 72h following with sintering at temperatures of 1350°C. The results showed that compressive strength goes up with cooling rate and initial content. Total porosity has a range of 66-88% while has a compressive strength of ~0.4-18 MPa. Porosity size has a value of 20-200 μm by initial content and cooling rate. Based on strength and porosity, the specimen with initial content and cooling rate of 15 vol% and 5°C/min, respectively, chose to be the optimum. This specimen has a compressive strength and porosity size of 5.26 MPa and 88 μm, respectively. The compressive strength value of the mentioned lamellar HA scaffolds was in the range of the values reported for human proximal tibia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alane Bessa Gualberto ◽  
Izabel Christina d'Almeida Duarte de Azevedo ◽  
Renan Monteiro Rodrigues Pereira

RESUMO: Os impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos ocasionados pelos resíduos da construção civil (RCC) e sua inadequada disposição no ambiente, impõem a necessidade da adoção de soluções eficazes para a correta gestão desses resíduos. Neste trabalho, procurou-se avaliar a viabilidade de utilização de agregados reciclados de RCC classe A na construção de um pátio de compostagem piloto. Para isto, compararam-se seu desempenho e custo com pátios executados com concreto tradicional e solo-cimento. Os agregados reciclados foram analisados quanto às suas características físicas, químicas e mecânicas. Foram avaliados os parâmetros determinantes do processo de compostagem, a fim de averiguar possíveis influências dos agregados reciclados na degradação da matéria orgânica. O pátio com agregados reciclados quanto à estanqueidade e resistência mecânica não se mostrou adequado. O pátio executado com solo-cimento apresentou desempenho satisfatório. Quanto aos custos, a adoção de agregados reciclados proporcionou uma redução de 18,68% nos valores de implantação, comparado a um pátio em concreto tradicional, podendo representar uma economia significativa na obra de uma usina de triagem e compostagem. Porém, em relação ao pátio em solo-cimento, o pátio com agregados reciclados apresentou menor viabilidade econômica, visto que seu custo superou em 17,77% o do pátio em solo-cimento. Deste modo, identificaram-se os aspectos dos agregados reciclados que necessitam de melhoria para que estes se firmem como uma alternativa econômica e ambientalmente viável.ABSTRACT: The environmental, social and economic impacts caused by construction waste (CCW) and its inadequate disposal in the environment, require the adoption of effective solutions for the correct management of this waste. In this paper was try to evaluate the feasibility of using recycled aggregates of CCW class A in the construction of a pilot composting yard. For this, their performance and cost were compared with patios executed with traditional concrete and soil-cement. The recycled aggregates were analyzed for their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. The parameters determining the composting process were evaluated in order to investigate possible influences of the recycled aggregates on the degradation of organic matter. The yard with recycled aggregates for watertightness and mechanical resistance was not adequate. The yard with soil-cement presented satisfactory performance. In terms of costs, the adoption of recycled aggregates resulted in a 18.68% reduction in deployment values, compared to a traditional concrete yard, wich could represent a significant saving in the work of setting up a sorting and composting plant. However, in relation to the yard in soil-cement, the yard with recycled aggregates presented less economic viability, since its cost exceeded in 17.77% the patio in soil-cement. Thus, the aspects of the recycled aggregates that need improvement have been identified, so that these become an economical and environmentally viable alternative.


Author(s):  
Y. A. Kadykova ◽  
P. A. Bredikhin ◽  
S. V. Arzamastsev ◽  
S. G. Kalganova

In view of the fact that the creation and development of the production of new polymers practically does not occur, the modification of known materials, the creation of polymer composites filled with various substances is today one of the priority directions in the creation of new polymeric materials. In this paper, the possibility of increasing the reactivity by processing corona discharge of large-capacity polymer-polyethylene when filled with modified basalt. The method of full factorial experiment, regression equations, analysis of which showed a prevailing influence of DC corona discharge on the physico-mechanical characteristics of polymeric composite materials. The optimal ratio of the components of the composite material and the current during the processing of polyethylene corona discharge were chosen by gradient method. The prospects and expediency of obtaining complex-modified basalt plastics on the basis of low-pressure polyethylene treated with corona discharge are proved, since all physical, chemical and mechanical properties of polyethylene composites are increased. The method of infrared spectroscopy shows that in a complex-modified basalt plastic there are practically no groups of hydroxyl groups, the intensity of peaks of methylol groups and peaks –Si-O-Si-is significantly reduced, which indicates the chemical interaction of polyethylene treated with corona discharge and modified basalt.


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