THE DECOMPOSITION OF CITRIC ACID BY SULFURIC ACID

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 4729-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin O. Wiig
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid

scholarly journals Synthesis of Glues with Citric Acid and Sulfuric Acid Protonic Acid-H<sup>+</sup> as Catalysts Using Banana Peel and Kaki as Valorised Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara ◽  
Ratsimba Marie Hanitriniaina ◽  
Rakotomalala Alain Fabrice ◽  
Rakotosaona Rijalalaina ◽  
Nambinina Richard Randriana
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Protonic Acid

scholarly journals Simple and Combined Acidic Extraction of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan A. Militaru ◽  
Rodica Pode ◽  
Florica Manea ◽  
Petrica A. Linul
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Sludge Ash

A comparative behavior of inorganic and organic acids as extraction agents for phosphorous extraction from sewage sludge ash provided by a municipal wastewater plant from Timis County, Romania, was studied in this work. The physical-chemical and morphological properties were determined by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Batch simple extraction experiments with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and citric acid were conducted on the sewage sludge ash for phosphorous extraction. The operating conditions for acidic extraction with each acid and combination of sulfuric acid and citric acid were optimized in relation to the acid type, concentration and liquid:solid (LS) ratio. The combination of sulfuric acid and citric acid in volumetric ratio of 0.5 was chosen as optimum extraction agent for phosphorus recovery.

scholarly journals The effect of stimulants and environmental factors on resin yield of Pinus merkusii tapping

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Syaiful Amri ◽  
Sigit Sunarta ◽  
Tomy Listyanto ◽  
Rini Pujiarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Daily Relative Humidity ◽  
Pinus Merkusii ◽  
Different Altitudes

Oleoresin from Pinus merkusii is one of the most important forest products in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of various stimulants and environmental factors on oleoresin yield. The first factor was the stimulant treatment, i.e., SAEt1 (20% sulfuric acid + 1% Ethephon); SAEt2 (20% sulfuric acid + 2% Ethephon); SR4 (mainly composed by sulfuric acid); ETRAT (mainly composed by ethylene and citric acid); and without stimulant spraying. The second factor was the site with different altitudes, i.e., West Banyumas (326 m asl), East Banyumas (797 m asl), and West Pekalongan (1150 m asl). Through analysis of variance, the relation between stimulant and site was highly significant in regards to the average daily oleoresin yield. The results indicated that the combination of sulfuric acid and Ethephon increased oleoresin production 1.69- to 2.85-fold compared with untreated trees, depending on the sites. The trees with SAEt1 and SAEt2 treatments yielded an equivalent amount of oleoresin compared to that of trees exposed to the SR4. The ETRAT showed the lowest resin yields compared to the other stimulants. The values of daily relative humidity and temperature did not show similar responses in all sites when correlated with daily oleoresin yield.

Corrosion Inhibition Effect of PASP and Sulfuric Acid High Cerium on Copper in Citric Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui He ◽  
Zhen Fa Liu ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Effect

Corrosion inhibition performances of polyaspartic acid(PASP) and Sulfuric acid high cerium to copper in Citric Acid solution was studied using electrochemical method. The results showed that PASP and Sulfuric acid high cerium mainifested very good synergy effect. When the total concentration was 0.1g/L, the inhibition efficiency reach 80.8% on the basis of 1:1.

scholarly journals Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
José Cabral-Miramontes ◽  
Facundo Almeraya-Calderón ◽  
Francisco Estupinán López ◽  
María Lara Banda ◽  
Javier Olguín-Coca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Hard Anodizing

Hard-anodized is a widely used method in the aeronautical sector to improve aluminum alloys abrasion and corrosion resistance. Aim of this work was to characterize the mechanical properties and resistance hard-anodized aluminum 6061 in citric acid solution as a replacement sulfuric acid solution were investigated. Aluminum alloy 6061 was used as the base material to produce the hard anodizing; this process was carried out in a citric and sulfuric acid solution, applying current densities 3 and 4.5 A/cm2 and subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the anodizing material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). Corrosion behavior of the hard-anodized material it was carried out with electrochemical techniques as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) respectively. Results obtained indicated that all samples anodized in citric acid solution showed negative hysteresis and lower corrosion current density (1 × 10−10 A/cm2), indicating generalized corrosion on the material surface. EIS results show that anodizing in citric acid solution and a current density of 4.5 A/dm2 provides better corrosion protection than a sulfuric acid solution.

Cobalt and Nickel Recoveries from Laterite Tailings by Organic and Inorganic Bioacids

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orquidea Coto ◽  
Federico Galizia ◽  
Ernesto González ◽  
Ianeya Hernández ◽  
Jeannette Marrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
Metallurgy Industry

Cuban serpentines are known as one of the richest deposits of Ni and Co in the world. These ores are usually treated by pyrometallurgy or by hydrometallurgy. These processes generate huge volumes of mining residues, which still contains high amounts of Ni (0.25 %) and Co (0.09 %). Since metals are partially oxidized, the chances to use sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) which are able to generate sulfuric acid to leach the residues from Caron process have been evaluated. Thus, in this work, inorganic and organic acids produced in cultures with A. niger or A. thiooxidans respectively were used to study the extraction of Co and Ni from laterite tailings. The results were compared with those obtained in leaching experiments with direct inoculation of those microorganisms. 7 and 16 % of Ni and Co were leached after 3 days using A. niger and sucrose as carbon source. In stage batch one using A. thiooxidans and elemental sulfur as energy source higher percentages of metal solubilization were reached after 15 days. In stage batch two experiments were carried out using inorganic and/or organic bioacids. Metal recoveries in stage batch two using sulfuric bioacid were higher (79 % Ni and 58 % Co) than those obtained with citric bioacid (2.4 % Ni, and 38% Co). However metal recoveries using chemical leaching with citric acid were much higher (80.4 % Ni and 50 % Co using 0.5 M citric acid). Since the mineralogy composition of raw material is a parameter very important to select the leaching agent of oxide ore, the leaching of residue nickel-ferrous of the Caron process with bio-sulfuric acid produced in A. thiooxidans cultures could be an attractive alternative in the development of a sustainable technology in Cuban mining-metallurgy industry.

scholarly journals Efeito da aplicação da eletrorremediação na estrutura e nos contaminantes de catalisador desativado. Avaliação por técnicas de RMN, RPE, DRX e FRX

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Folmann Leonel ◽  
Renata B. G. Valt ◽  
L. Godoi ◽  
M. J. J. S. Ponte ◽  
Haroldo A. Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Electrokinetic Remediation ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Contaminant Metals ◽  
Remediation Process ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

The electrokinetic remediation process, through the application of electric potential and different electrolytes, aimed at mobilizing and removing contaminant metals in spent catalytic cracking catalysts. In this study, FCC spent catalysts were studied after the remediation process with three different electrolytes (solutions of sodium citrate, sulfuric acid or citric acid). The techniques of XRD, XRF, NMR and EPR were used in order to evaluate the changes. The results indicated that the electrokinetic remediation tends to reorganize the internal structure of the catalyst, recovering part of the crystallinity and removing a percentage of the contaminants.

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