Lentils (Lens culinaris Medikus Subspecies culinaris): A Whole Food for Increased Iron and Zinc Intake

This study was undertaken to estimate the contribution of meat and meat products consumption to the daily intakes of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), heme iron, and selected B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) in Italy. Meat and meat products were selected on the basis of their consumption frequency reported by the most recent nationwide dietary individual survey carried out in Italy (INN-CA study). The daily intakes of total iron and heme iron were 1.65 and 1.13 mg/person/day. Zinc intake was 3.65 mg/person/day. Beef made the main contribution to iron, heme iron, and zinc daily intakes. Copper daily intake was 107.3 mug/person/day, with meat products provided the highest contribution (40 mug/person/day). Daily intake of selenium (7.14 mug/person/day) was provided mainly by poultry consumption. Thiamine intake was 228 mug/person/day, and meat products were the main source (110 mug/person/day). Riboflavin intake was 136 mug/person/day, with both beef and meat products as the main contributors (40 mug/person/day). Niacin intake was 7.53 mg/person/day, and poultry was the main source (2.28 mg/person/day). Meat and meat products were a valuable source of micronutrients, supplying 47, 48, and 24% of zinc, niacin, and thiamin daily requirements, respectively, and over 10% of iron, copper, selenium, and riboflavin daily average requirement values of the italian RDAs calculated for the population involved in the survey (INN-CA study).

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Iron- and Zinc-Fortified Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Demonstrate Enhanced and Stable Iron Bioavailability After Storage

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.614812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Rajib Podder ◽

Raymond P. Glahn ◽

Albert Vandenberg

Keyword(s):

Lens Culinaris ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Iron Bioavailability ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

And Zn Deficiency ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Zn Content ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Protein Rich

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a quick-cooking, rapidly expanding protein-rich crop with high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), but low bioavailability due to the presence of phytate, similar to other grains. Lentils dual fortified with Fe and Zn can significantly improve the bioavailable Fe and Zn content. Three milled lentil product types (LPTs) were fortified with Fe using NaFeEDTA [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (III) sodium salt] (Fe fortified) or Zn from ZnSO4·H2O (Zn fortified), or both (dual fortified). Fe, Zn, phytic acid (PA) concentration, and relative Fe bioavailability (RFeB%) were assessed for samples from two fortified batches (initial and for 1 year stored). Fe, Zn, and RFeB% increased significantly in two batches of samples from the three LPTs, and decreased by 5–15% after 1 year of storage. PA concentration decreased from 8 to 15% after fortification of all samples from two batches of the three LPTs but showed different patterns of influence after storage. Dual-fortified lentil fortified with 24 mg Fe and 12 mg Zn 100 g−1 lentil had the highest amount of Fe and Zn, and the lowest PA concentration, and RFeB% was increased from 91.3 to 519.5%. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) Pearson correlations were observed between Fe concentration vs. PA:Fe molar ratio (MR), Fe concentration vs. RFeB%, RFeB% vs. PA:Fe MR, and Zn concentration vs. PA:Zn MR in all samples from two batches of the three LPTs. In conclusion, dual-fortified lentil can contribute significant bioavailable Fe and Zn to populations at risk of Fe and Zn deficiency.

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Bioavailable iron and zinc intake in children 1 to 4 years of low income households in Mexico. Effectiveness of conditional cash vs. food transfers

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a307 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Rodríguez ◽

Teresa González‐Cossío ◽

Mishel Unar ◽

Luz Dinorah González

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Low Income Households

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Heat and Drought Stress Impact on Phenology, Grain Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.596307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Hasnae Choukri ◽

Kamal Hejjaoui ◽

Adil El-Baouchi ◽

Noureddine El haddad ◽

Abdelaziz Smouni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Zinc Concentrations

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a protein-rich cool-season food legume with an excellent source of protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. With climate change, heat, and drought stresses have become more frequent and intense in lentil growing areas with a strong influence on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil. For this purpose, 100 lentil genotypes from the global collection were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) among lentil genotypes for phenological traits, yield components, and grain quality traits. Under no stress conditions, mineral concentrations among lentil genotypes varied from 48 to 109 mg kg−1 for iron (Fe) and from 31 to 65 mg kg−1 for zinc (Zn), while crude protein content ranged from 22.5 to 32.0%. Iron, zinc, and crude protein content were significantly reduced under stress conditions, and the effect of combined heat-drought stress was more severe than heat stress alone. A significant positive correlation was observed between iron and zinc concentrations under both no stress and stress conditions. Based on grain yield, crude protein, and iron and zinc concentrations, lentil genotypes were grouped into three clusters following the hierarchical cluster analysis. Promising lentil genotypes with high micronutrient contents, crude protein, and grain yield with the least effect of heat and drought stress were identified as the potential donors for biofortification in the lentil breeding program.

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Screening the FIGS Set of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) Germplasm for Tolerance to Terminal Heat and Combined Drought-Heat Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10071036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1036

Author(s):

Noureddine El haddad ◽

Karthika Rajendran ◽

Abdelaziz Smouni ◽

Nour Eddine Es-Safi ◽

Nadia Benbrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Cool Season ◽

Good Source ◽

Protein Fiber ◽

Iron And Zinc

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is one of the most important cool season food legume crops grown in many countries. Seeds are typically rich in protein, fiber, prebiotic carbohydrates and minerals, such as iron and zinc. With changing climate and variability, the lentil crop faces frequent droughts and heat stress of varying intensity in its major production zones. In the present study, a set of 162 lentil accessions selected through the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) were screened for tolerance to heat stress and combined heat-drought stresses under field conditions at two contrasting locations, namely Marchouch and Tessaout in Morocco. The results showed a significant genotypic variation for heat tolerance and combined heat-drought tolerance among the accessions at both locations. Based on the heat tolerance index (HTI), accessions, namely ILL 7833, ILL 6338 and ILL 6104, were selected as potential sources of heat tolerance at Marchouch, and ILL 7814 and ILL 8029 at Tessaout. Using the stress tolerance index (STI), ILL 7835, ILL 6075 and ILL 6362 were identified as the most tolerant lines (STI > 1) at Marchouch, and ILL 7814, ILL 7835 and ILL 7804 (STI > 1) at Tessaout, under the combined heat-drought stress conditions. Accession ILL 7835 was identified as a good source of stable tolerance to heat stress and combined heat-drought stress at both locations.

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Association between dietary iron and zinc intake and development of ulcerative colitis: A case–control study in Japan

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1111/jgh.14642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 1703-1710 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yumie Kobayashi ◽

Satoko Ohfuji ◽

Kyoko Kondo ◽

Wakaba Fukushima ◽

Satoshi Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Control Study

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The combined effect of high iron and zinc intake on copper status in rats

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/bf02990490 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shiguang Yu ◽

Anton C. Beynen

Keyword(s):

Combined Effect ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

High Iron ◽

Copper Status ◽

Iron And Zinc

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Hubungan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Besi Dan Seng Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 6-23 Bulan

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v1i4.7137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 361

Author(s):

Enggar Kartika Dewi ◽

Triska Susila Nindya

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Height Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Exact Test ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Food Recall ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Test Result

Background: Stunting is a cronic malnutrition that affects linear growth. The main cause of malnutrition is the adequacy of micronutrients in the process of linear growth. Micronutrients that relate to stunting are iron and zinc, because both of that micronutrient have necessary role in linear growth of toddlers age 6 -23 months. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between iron and zinc adequacy level with stunting incidence in toddlers age 6 -23 months. Methods: This study was an analytical study with cross sectional design. The sample size were 55 children spread over 25 Posyandu in Suci Village. The data collected using of food recall 3x24 hours, height measurement with microtoice for stunting status, and the questionnaire characteristics of children and mothers. The data were analyzed by using Fisher's Exact test. Result: The results showed 14.5% of toddlers age 6 – 23 months were stunted. 33.3% of children were given inadequate iron intake and 35.7% of children were given inadequate zinc intake. The analysis test showed there was a significant correlation between levels of iron and zinc adequacy with the incidence of stunting with p=0.02 and p=0.018. Conclusion: The proportion of stunting will increase if the toddler were given inadequate of iron and zinc. Education about the adequacy levels of iron and zinc for toddler age 6-23 months were adjusted to reduce and avoid stunting.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi akibat kekurangan gizi jangka panjang yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan linier. Salah satu zat gizi mikro yang erat kaitannya dengan stunting adalah zat besi dan seng, sebab kedua zat mikro tersebut memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan linier balita 6-23 bulan.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat asupan zat besi dan seng dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 6-23 Bulan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 55 anak yang tersebar di 25 Posyandu di Desa Suci. Pengumpulan data menggunakan food recall 3x24 jam, pengukuran tinggi badan dengan mikrotoa untuk mengetahui status stunting, dan kuesioner karakteristik anak dan ibu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 14,5% balita usia 6-23 bulan mengalami stunting, 33,3% anak memilliki tingkat kecukupan zat besi yang kurang dan 35,7% anak memiliki tingkat kecukupan seng yang kurang. Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecukupan zat besi dan seng dengan kejadian stunting dengan p=0,02 dan p=0,018.Kesimpulan: Proporsi stunting akan meningkat jika tingkat kecukupan zat besi dan seng inadekuat. Sebaiknya dilakukan peningkatan edukasi tentang tingkat kecukupan zat besi dan seng untuk balita usia 6-23 bulan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah stunting.

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