Carotenoids from Malanga (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Leaves Protect Cells Against Oxidative Stress in Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arruda ◽  
Souza ◽  
Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Carotene Beta

The present study investigated the effect of malanga leaf powder and its carotenoids oil extract on oxidative damage in rat tissues. A group of rats received AIN-93G diet devoid of vitamin A (AD) and three other groups were treated with AD diet supplied with synthetic beta-carotene (beta-car) or malanga leaf powder (MP) or malanga carotenoids extract (CE). The diets’ carotenoids bioavailability was determined through carotenoids intake/liver retinol content. Lipid thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein (carbonyl) oxidation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione concentrations were determined in liver, heart, and brain. Synthetic beta-carotene bioavailability was higher than that of pro-vitamin A carotenoids from MP and CE diets, and no difference was observed between the latter two groups. Liver and heart lipid peroxidation was lower in the beta-car and CE groups than the AD group, while no difference was observed for the MP group. The beta-car, MP, and CE groups showed lower liver protein oxidation than the AD group, and only the CE group had lower heart protein oxidation in relation to AD. The MP group had a lower liver GSSG concentration and higher GSH/GSSG ratio than the AD group, while no difference was observed for heart glutathione concentration among the groups. The results indicate that at physiological levels, beta-car, malanga carotenoids extract, and malanga leaf powder have antioxidant effects in rats.

Lipid Peroxidation, Protein Oxidation, Gelatinases, and Their Inhibitors in a Group of Adults with Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Caimi ◽  
Baldassare Canino ◽  
Maria Montana ◽  
Caterina Urso ◽  
Vincenzo Calandrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractThe association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases has a multifactorial pathogenesis, including the synthesis of inflammatory molecules, the increase in oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) concentration and activity. In a group of adults with obesity, divided in 2 subgroups according to the body mass index (BMI), we examined lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein oxidation, expressed as protein carbonyl groups (PCs), plasma gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). In the whole group, as well as in the 2 subgroups (with BMI 30–35 or BMI>35) of obese subjects, we observed an increase in TBARS, PCs, MMP-2, and MMP-9, and also TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in comparison with the control group. A positive correlation between TBARS and PCs emerged in obese subjects and persisted after dividing obese subjects according to BMI. The correlation between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was not statistically significant, while a significant correlation was present between MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The correlations between the markers of oxidative stress (TBARS and PCs) and those of the MMP/TIMP profile indicated a more marked influence of protein oxidation on MMPs and TIMPs in comparison with TBARS. The innovative aspect of our study was the simultaneous evaluation of oxidative stress markers and MMP/TIMP profile in adult obese subjects. We observed significant alterations and correlations that may negatively influence the clinical course of the disease.

Diallyl trisulfide ameliorates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Sumedha ◽  
S Miltonprabu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide

The present study investigates the possible ameliorative effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against arsenic (As)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. The four experimental groups evaluated include: (1) vehicle control; (2) As (5 mg/kg/day); (3) DATS (80 mg/kg/day) + As; and (4) DATS. Induction of As in rats caused severe hepatotoxicity as evidenced by an elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and increased total bilirubin concentration, indicating hepatic function abnormalities. Histopathological examination revealed various structural changes in the liver, characterized by hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis, congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, vacuolation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The significant decrease in reduced glutathione content, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities and the significant increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyl) contents indicated that As-induced hepatotoxicity was mediated through oxidative stress. As intoxication also elevated the levels of Cas-3 and nitric oxide and increased the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. In contrast, DATS pretreatment significantly improved As-induced serum biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological alterations reflecting hepatic dysfunction. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the hepatoprotective role of DATS, emphasizing the influence of this garlic trisulfide in the diet for human health, possibly preventing the hepatic injury associated with As intoxication, presumably due to its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and restoration of antioxidant status.

scholarly journals Oxidative stability of refrigerated fish pates containing loquat seed extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1705-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Piccolo ◽  
Ana Paula Daniel ◽  
Bruna Klein ◽  
Lauren Fresinghelli Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Roggia Ruviaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Seed Extracts

This study investigated the effects of hydroethanolic E. japonica seed extracts (EJSE) as inhibitors of lipid and protein oxidation on fish pates subjected to refrigerated storage. Five fish pate formulations were developed. These formulations included two control pates (water-control and ascorbic acid-control) and three pates with added EJSE (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4g of seed 100g-1 product, equivalent to 3.4, 6.8 or 13.6mg phenolic compounds kg-1 product), which were then stored under refrigeration for 35 days. Conjugated dienes (CD) and peroxide (PV) values increased along with the storage time; however, these values decreased and were similar among all samples at the end of 35 days of analysis (P<0.05). However, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels (TBARS) did not change along the storage and were not affected by the EJSE. Additionally, there was a linear increase in the protein carbonyl content of fish pates over the storage period (P<0.05), but no effect of EJSE on protein oxidation. The results show that, at the concentrations evaluated, hydroethanolic E. japonica seed extract was unable to inhibit or reduce lipid and protein oxidation in fish pates, but the observed phenolic content emphasizes the need for further studies on the wastes of this fruit.

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

Role of Quercetin in Mitigation of Lindane Induced Toxicity in Terms of Oxidative Responses and Metabolic Status in Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Sharma ◽  
Renu Bist ◽  
Hemant Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Responses

Background:: Current study evaluated the protective potential of quercetin against lindane induced toxicity in mice brain. For investigation, mice were allocated into four groups; First group was control. Second group was administered with oral dose of lindane (25 mg/kg bw) for 4 consecutive days. Third group was exposed to quercetin (40 mg/kg bw) and in fourth group, quercetin was administered 1 hour prior to the exposure of lindane. Objective:: Two major objectives were decided for study. First was to create lesions in the brain by lindane and; second was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of quercetin. Methods:: To study oxidative responses, level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCC), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in brain homogenates. Three key step regulating enzymes of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle viz citrate synthase (CS), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and fumarase were also assayed. Results:: Lindane treatment significantly enhanced the levels of TBARS (P<0.001),PCC (P<0.001), GPx (P<0.001), SOD (P<0.05), PDH (P<0.05) and fumarase (P<0.001) in brains of mice compared to control. Meanwhile, it alleviated GSH, CAT and CS (P<0.05) activity. Conclusion:: Pretreatment with quercetin in lindane treated group not only restored, previously altered biochemical parameters after lindane treatment and also significantly improved them too which suggests that quercetin is not only invulnerable rather neuroprotective against lindane intoxication.

scholarly journals Vitamin Analysis, Trace Elements Content, and Their Extractabilities in Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prince Oteng ◽  
John K. Otchere ◽  
Stephen Adusei ◽  
Richard Q. Mensah ◽  
Emmanuel Tei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Vitamin Analysis

Tetrapleura tetraptera is widely cherished in African traditional homes because of its alleged therapeutic and nutritional properties. This present study aimed at determining the levels of vitamin A, C, E, and beta-carotene and trace element (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Se, and Zn) concentrations and their extractabilities in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit (mixture of pulp and seeds) of T. tetraptera. The total trace element concentration of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn and their extractabilities (%) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS), whereas UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to determine selenium concentration. The trace element content (mg/kg) based on dry weight in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit was Fe (162.00 ± 7.14, 115.00 ± 12.00, and 154.00 ± 25.20, respectively), Zn (31.60 ± 4.77, 43.40 ± 5.29, and 41.50 ± 8.97, respectively), Cu (16.10 ± 4.98, 11.90 ± 8.40, and 17.20 ± 14.50, respectively), Mn (55.30 ± 2.41, 156.00 ± 10.20, and 122.00 ± 5.29, respectively), Co (38.10 ± 6.40, 21.10 ± 7.15, and 44.00 ± 14.90, respectively), and Se (1.49 ± 0.17, 2.43 ± 0.28, and 2.97 ± 0.27 μg/g, respectively). The mineral extractabilities (%) in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera were established to be in the order Co > Zn > Fe > Cu > Se > Mn. Also, the chromatographic method (HPLC) was used to evaluate vitamin E concentration, and vitamin C and concentration of beta-carotene were calculated from the obtained concentration of vitamin A using a conversion factor by the titrimetric method. From the results of vitamin analysis, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit for vitamin C and E. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was perceived among these plant parts for vitamin A and beta-carotene. This study has therefore revealed that the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera contain varying concentrations of vitamins and trace elements and has given many vital insights on which part of T. tetraptera to consume, as concentrations of these nutrients differ in the discrete parts of the fruit.

Effect of beta-Carotene Supplementation on Plasma and Yolk IgY Levels Induced by NDV Vaccination in Japanese Quail

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiss ◽  
Bárdos ◽  
Szabó ◽  
Lengyel ◽  
Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Group A ◽  
Higher Doses

Newly hatched Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing different levels of retinoids (vitamin A) or beta-carotene. Group A received a commercial diet containing 10000 IU vitamin A per kilogram. The diets of Groups B, C, and D contained no vitamin A but were supplemented with 1-, 2.5-, and 5-fold retinol equivalents of beta-carotene. Each group contained 16 quails in a 1:1 sex ratio. At 8 weeks of age the quails were immunized orally with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Boosters were given three times at two-week intervals. Blood samples were taken at two-week intervals until 14 weeks of age. The anti-NDV IgY titre was determined by a locally developed direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Groups A and B showed nearly the same antibody response. This indicates that the preformed vitamin A and the equivalent beta-carotene have the same immunomodulatory effect. Groups receiving higher doses of beta-carotene (Groups C and D) exhibited significantly higher plasma IgY levels compared to Groups A and B. The results indicate that elevated doses of beta-carotene have a slight effect on the adaptive immune response in Japanese quail.

scholarly journals Modafinil Effects on Behavior and Oxidative Damage Parameters in Brain of Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Ornell ◽  
Samira S. Valvassori ◽  
Amanda V. Steckert ◽  
Pedro F. Deroza ◽  
Wilson R. Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Carbonyl Formation ◽  
The Brain

The effects of modafinil (MD) on behavioral and oxidative damage to protein and lipid in the brain of rats were evaluated. Wistar rats were given a single administration by gavage of water or MD (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg). Behavioral parameters were evaluated in open-field apparatus 1, 2, and 3 h after drug administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation were measured in the brain. MD increased locomotor activity at the highest dose 1 and 3 h after administration. MD administration at the dose of 300 mg/kg increased visits to the center of open-field 1 h after administration; however, 3 h after administration, all administered doses of MD increased visits to the open-field center. MD 300 mg/kg increased lipid damage in the amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum. Besides, MD increased protein damage in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus; however, this effect varies depending on the dose administered. In contrast, the administration of MD 75 and 300 mg/kg decreased the protein damage in the striatum. This study demonstrated that the MD administration induces behavioral changes, which was depending on the dose used. In addition, the effects of MD on oxidative damage parameters seemed to be in specific brain region and doses.

Intestinal helminth infection and its effect on vitamin - A, E and beta-carotene among nepalese

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
S.K. Rai ◽  
M. Nakanishi ◽  
M.P. Upadhyay ◽  
K. Hirai ◽  
Y. Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Intestinal Helminth
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