Antioxidant Role of Plasma Carotenoids in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (56) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Vogelsang ◽  
Richard A. van Lingen ◽  
Janine Slootstra ◽  
Bert D. Dikkeschei ◽  
Boudewijn J. Kollen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Β Carotene

Objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and consequently, it might be theorized that sufficient antioxidant defenses are needed to prevent BPD. We hypothesized that, except for vitamins E and A, carotenoids may be important in this defense. Carotenoids are present in human milk; however, they are not added to parenteral nutrition, the main food source of preterm infants in the first week of life. Aim: To evaluate prospectively the role of carotenoids in BPD in a cohort of preterm infants. Methods: The plasma concentrations of F2α-isoprostane, α- and β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin A, and the vitamin E/cholesterol ratio were studied at days 1, 3, and 7 in a cohort of 109 preterm infants, of whom 19 had BPD. Results: When comparing the BPD and control group, infants in the BPD group were younger (p<0.001) and β-carotene (day 7, p<0.01) and vitamin A concentrations were lower (days 3 and 7, p<0.001). Lycopene, lutein, α-carotene, vitamin E, and F2α-isoprostane concentrations did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Plasma β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations are lower in BPD infants which may result in a reduction of their antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals CFTR Modulator Therapy with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Alters Plasma Concentrations of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins A and E in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Olaf Sommerburg ◽  
Susanne Hämmerling ◽  
S. Philipp Schneider ◽  
Jürgen Okun ◽  
Claus-Dieter Langhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leads to impaired pancreatic function and therefore reduced intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins especially in patients with CF developing pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Previous studies showed that CFTR modulator therapy with lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) in Phe508del-homozygous patients with CF results in improvement of pulmonary disease and thriving. However, the effects of LUM/IVA on plasma concentration of the lipid soluble vitamins A and E remain unknown. Objectives: To investigate the course of plasma vitamin A and E in patients with CF under LUM/IVA therapy. Methods: Data from annual follow-up examinations of patients with CF were obtained to assess clinical outcomes including pulmonary function status, body mass index (BMI), and clinical chemistry as well as fat-soluble vitamins in Phe508del-homozygous CF patients before initiation and during LUM/IVA therapy. Results: Patients with CF receiving LUM/IVA improved substantially, including improvement in pulmonary inflammation, associated with a decrease in blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 9.4 to 8.2 g/L after two years (p < 0.001). During the same time, plasma vitamin A increased significantly from 1.2 to 1.6 µmol/L (p < 0.05), however, levels above the upper limit of normal were not detected in any of the patients. In contrast, plasma vitamin E as vitamin E/cholesterol ratio decreased moderately over the same time from 6.2 to 5.5 µmol/L (p < 0.01). Conclusions: CFTR modulator therapy with LUM/IVA alters concentrations of vitamins A and vitamin E in plasma. The increase of vitamin A must be monitored critically to avoid hypervitaminosis A in patients with CF.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Platelet Metabolism in Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longli Yan ◽  
Zhuxiao Ren ◽  
Jianlan Wang ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Liling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Platelets play an important role in the formation of pulmonary blood vessels, and thrombocytopenia is common in patients with pulmonary diseases. However, a few studies have reported on the role of platelets in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between platelet metabolism and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.Methods: A prospective case-control study was performed in a cohort of premature infants (born with a gestational age &lt;32 weeks and a birth weight &lt;1,500 g) from June 1, 2017 to June 1, 2018. Subjects were stratified into two groups according to the diagnostic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD group) and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (control group). Platelet count, circulating megakaryocyte count (MK), platelet-activating markers (CD62P and CD63), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were recorded and compared in two groups 28 days after birth; then serial thrombopoietin levels and concomitant platelet counts were measured in infants with BPD.Results: A total of 252 premature infants were included in this study. Forty-eight premature infants developed BPD, 48 premature infants without BPD in the control group who were matched against the study infants for gestational age, birth weight, and admission diagnosis at the age of postnatal day 28. Compared with the controls, infants with BPD had significantly lower peripheral platelet count [BPD vs. controls: 180.3 (24.2) × 109/L vs. 345.6 (28.5) × 109/L, p = 0.001]. Circulating MK count in the BPD group was significantly more abundant than that in the control group [BPD vs. controls: 30.7 (4.5)/ml vs. 13.3 (2.6)/ml, p = 0.025]. The level of CD62p, CD63, and TPO in BPD group was significantly higher than the control group [29.7 (3.1%) vs. 14.5 (2.5%), 15.4 (2.0%) vs. 5.8 (1.7%), 301.4 (25.9) pg/ml vs. 120.4 (14.2) pg/ml, all p &lt; 0.05]. Furthermore, the concentration of TPO was negatively correlated with platelet count in BPD group with thrombocytopenia.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that platelet metabolism is involved in the development of BPD in preterm infants. The possible mechanism might be through increased platelet activation and promoted TPO production by feedback.

Plasma concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E after β-carotene and vitamin E intake

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Postaire ◽  
D. Kouyate ◽  
G. Rousset ◽  
C. Regnault ◽  
E. Lati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Vitamin A and E Homologues Impacting the Fate of Acrylamide in Equimolar Asparagine-Glucose Model System

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Su Lee Kuek ◽  
Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi ◽  
Raznim Arni Abd Razak ◽  
Selamat Jinap ◽  
Maimunah Sanny
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Acrylamide Formation ◽  
Β Carotene

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Vitamin A and E homologues toward acrylamide in equimolar asparagine-glucose model system. Vitamin A homologue as β-carotene (BC) and five Vitamin E homologues, i.e., α-tocopherol (AT), δ-tocopherol (DT), α-tocotrienol (ATT), γ-tocotrienol (GTT), and δ-tocotrienol (DTT), were tested at different concentrations (1 and 10 µmol) and subjected to heating at 160 °C for 20 min before acrylamide quantification. At lower concentrations (1 µmol; 431, 403, 411 ppm, respectively), AT, DT, and GTT significantly increase acrylamide. Except for DT, enhancing concentration to 10 µmol (5370, 4310, 4250, 3970, and 4110 ppm, respectively) caused significant acrylamide formation. From linear regression model, acrylamide concentration demonstrated significant depreciation over concentration increase in AT (Beta = −83.0, R2 = 0.652, p ≤ 0.05) and DT (Beta = −71.6, R2 = 0.930, p ≤ 0.05). This study indicates that different Vitamin A and E homologue concentrations could determine their functionality either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants.

Questioning Role of Hypochloremia in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1173
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. PERLMAN ◽  
JEFF DAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group

In Reply.— We appreciate the interest in our report published in Pediatrics (1986;77:212-216). The three letters raise similar questions, and in response we would like to make three points. First, including the two infants in the control group who died with the infants in the study group still resulted in significant differences between the two groups regarding duration of furosemide (Lasix) therapy, hypochloremia, or metabolic alkalosis (P &gt; .001). Second (as noted in our discussion), bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a complex disease process.

scholarly journals Antioxidant defense in centenarians (a preliminary study).

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kłapcińska ◽  
J Derejczyk ◽  
K Wieczorowska-Tobis ◽  
A Sobczak ◽  
E Sadowska-Krepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Preliminary Study

The study was designed to assess the antioxidant defense mechanisms, either enzymatic or non-enzymatic, in a group of sixteen centenarians (one male and fifteen female subjects aged 101 to 105 years) living in the Upper Silesia district (Poland) in order to evaluate the potential role of antioxidant defenses in human longevity. The results of our preliminary study showed that in comparison with young healthy female adults the centenarians had significantly higher red blood cell glutathione reductase and catalase activities and higher, although insignificantly, serum vitamin E level.

Apnea of Prematurity: II. Respiratory Reflexes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Tilo Gerhardt ◽  
Eduardo Bancalari
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Inspiratory Effort ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Load Compensation ◽  
Airway Occlusion ◽  
Functional Immaturity ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Apnea Of Prematurity ◽  
Respiratory Reflexes

Airway obstruction is a cause of apnea in preterm infants. The activity of protective respiratory reflexes was determined in 18 preterm infants with apnea (mean of 32 episodes of more than 20 seconds duration per day) and in 18 neonates without apnea used as control subjects. This was done in order to elucidate the role of respiratory reflexes in apnea of prematurity. The infants were matched for birth weight (1,068 g v 1,065 g), gestational age (30.2 weeks v 30.2 weeks), and postnatal age (8.6 days v 8.3 days). The airway occlusion technique was used to determine the inspiratory prolongation of the occluded breath and the effective elastance of the respiratory system. Inspiratory prolongation is a measure for the reflex influence on inspiratory duration, and effective elastance reflects load compensating ability. Inspiratory prolongation was 7.3% ± 33.5% in infants with apnea and 30.6% ± 22.7% in the control group (P &lt; .025). Effective elastance was 1.1 ± 0.5 cm H2O/mL in the apneic group and 1.5 ± 0.5 cm H2O/mL in the infants without apnea (P &lt; .025). The results indicate that during exposure to respiratory loads, the infants with apnea maintained inspiratory effort poorly and had a decreased ability for load compensation. Their respiratory reflexes were significantly more immature than the reflex activity of the infants without apnea. This functional immaturity of respiratory reflexes may be a contributing factor in the etiology of apnea of prematurity.

Lipid peroxidation and antielastase activity in the lung under oxidant stress: role of antioxidant defenses

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1456-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mohsenin
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products

The role of lipid peroxidation in the inactivation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in the alveolar lining fluid of human subjects has been examined under oxidant stress. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 4 ppm for 3 h resulted in a significant increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in the alveolar lining fluid, with conjugated dienes the predominant species. Four-week supplementation with vitamins C and E before NO2 exposure markedly decreased the levels of conjugated dienes (control 804 +/- 103 pmol/micrograms total phospholipids vs. vitamin-supplemented 369 +/- 58, P = 0.003). Malondialdehydes, although detectable in the lavage fluid, contributed little to the total amount of lipid peroxidation products, and the levels were comparable in both groups. NO2 exposure in the absence of vitamin supplementation caused a significant decrease in the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of the alveolar lining fluid in the control group but not in the vitamin-supplemented group [control 3.67 +/- 0.32 micrograms alpha 1-PI/micrograms porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) vs. vitamin-supplemented 2.75 +/- 0.17, P less than 0.03]. The vitamin-supplemented group had a lower level of conjugated dienes and a higher EIC. Conversely, the control group had higher levels of conjugated dienes and a lower EIC in their lavage fluid. These studies demonstrate that lipid peroxidation occurs as an early event during oxidant exposure in the lungs of normal subjects. The appearance of lipid peroxidation products in the lavage fluid is associated with a decrease in the EIC of the alveolar lining fluid. Vitamins C and E diminish lipid peroxidation and preserve the EIC of the lower respiratory tract fluid during oxidant stress.

scholarly journals Increased Interleukin-11 Levels Are Correlated with Cardiac Events in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ye ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Di Ye ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Menglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Nyha Functional Class ◽  
Interleukin 11

Background. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is an important inflammatory cytokine and has been demonstrated to participate in cardiovascular diseases. However, there have been no studies about the role of IL-11 in heart failure (HF). The present study is aimed at investigating whether IL-11 levels are associated with the cardiac prognosis in patients with HF. Methods. The plasma concentrations of IL-11 were measured in 240 patients with chronic HF (CHF) and 80 control subjects without signs of significant heart disease. In addition, we prospectively followed these CHF patients to endpoints of cardiac events. Results. Compared with the control group, the plasma IL-11 concentrations were significantly increased in the CHF patients and gradually increased in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II group, the NYHA functional class III group, and the NYHA functional class IV group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the predictive role of IL-11 in HF is not as good as N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), although IL-11 has a certain value in predicting cardiac events. In addition, the CHF patients were divided into 3 groups according to the plasma IL-11 concentration category (low, T1; middle, T2; and high, T3). The multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that the high plasma IL-11 concentrations were independently associated with the presence of cardiac events after adjustment for confounding factors. Furthermore, the CHF patients were divided into two groups based on the median plasma IL-11 concentrations. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with high IL-11 concentrations had a higher risk of cardiac events compared with those with low IL-11 concentrations. Conclusions. Higher plasma IL-11 levels significantly increase the presence of cardiac events and suggest a poor outcome; although the diagnostic value of IL-11 in CHF is not as good as BNP, there is a certain value in predicting cardiac events in CHF.

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