scholarly journals International Translation of Project EX: A Teen Tobacco Use Cessation Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
School Based ◽  
Program Effects ◽  
Motivation Enhancement ◽  
Behavioral Motivation

Aims: There are relatively few documented teen tobacco use cessation efforts outside the United States (U. S.). Project EX is an evidence-based program that consists of eight sessions, as a school-based clinic tobacco cessation-only version and a classroom-based prevention and cessation version. This paper provides a ‘snapshot’ of progress on international translation of Project EX pilot study work in eight countries that have been approached thus far. The program was implemented in Wuhan, China; Israel and partners; Bashkortostan, Russia; and Elche, Spain. Implementation is planned for Vienna, Austria; Mumbai, India; and Bangkok, Thailand. This work will lead eventually to a greater understanding regarding preference for type of programming (e. g., clinic versus classroom modality), challenges in recruitment and retention, program receptivity, and short-term (approximately 3-month post-program) quit rates. Protocol and Interim Results of International Translation of Project EX: Convenience samples are being recruited based on previous contacts with each location. A protocol was sent to each location, proposing a controlled design, in which subjects enter cessation groups or become a wait-list control, with an immediate pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up. Language translation of program materials was completed in seven of the eight locations. Several variations in design and implementation were demanded though. For example, youth fear of reporting tobacco publicly mandated to researchers that the prevention/cessation classroom version be implemented in some locations (Israel and partners, and India). Program effects are suggested across countries. Conclusions: Ongoing partnerships with parties actively involved in tobacco control facilitate pilot testing of teen tobacco use cessation programming. The Project EX curriculum appears quite translatable, though having flexibility in implementation modality eased being able to pilot test the program. Research on this cognitive-behavioral, motivation enhancement approach continues.

scholarly journals Health workers’ perceptions on where and how to integrate tobacco use cessation services into tuberculosis treatment; a qualitative exploratory study in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizeus Rutebemberwa ◽  
Kellen Nyamurungi ◽  
Surabhi Joshi ◽  
Yvonne Olando ◽  
Hadii M. Mamudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Tb Treatment

Abstract Background Tobacco use is associated with exacerbation of tuberculosis (TB) and poor TB treatment outcomes. Integrating tobacco use cessation within TB treatment could improve healing among TB patients. The aim was to explore perceptions of health workers on where and how to integrate tobacco use cessation services into TB treatment programs in Uganda. Methods Between March and April 2019, nine focus group discussions (FGDs) and eight key informant interviews were conducted among health workers attending to patients with tuberculosis on a routine basis in nine facilities from the central, eastern, northern and western parts of Uganda. These facilities were high volume health centres, general hospitals and referral hospitals. The FGD sessions and interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis and the Chronic Care Model as a framework. Results Respondents highlighted that just like TB prevention starts in the community and TB treatment goes beyond health facility stay, integration of tobacco cessation should be started when people are still healthy and extended to those who have been healed as they go back to communities. There was need to coordinate with different organizations like peers, the media and TB treatment supporters. TB patients needed regular follow up and self-management support for both TB and tobacco cessation. Patients needed to be empowered to know their condition and their caretakers needed to be involved. Effective referral between primary health facilities and specialist facilities was needed. Clinical information systems should identify relevant people for proactive care and follow up. In order to achieve effective integration, the health system needed to be strengthened especially health worker training and provision of more space in some of the facilities. Conclusions Tobacco cessation activities should be provided in a continuum starting in the community before the TB patients get to hospital, during the patients’ interface with hospital treatment and be given in the community after TB patients have been discharged. This requires collaboration between those who carry out health education in communities, the TB treatment supporters and the health workers who treat patients in health facilities.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Tobacco Control Media Campaigns Among Smokers With Lower Socioeconomic Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna McCullough ◽  
Clare Meernik ◽  
Hannah Baker ◽  
Kristen Jarman ◽  
Barbara Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
The Government

People with low socioeconomic status (SES) in the United States have disparately high rates of smoking and experience disproportionately high burdens of smoking-related disease. Tobacco control media campaigns are a critical strategy for reducing tobacco use prevalence, but evidence is mixed about the optimal use of mass media to reach and promote tobacco use cessation among people with low SES. Improved understanding of the factors influencing how low-SES tobacco users evaluate tobacco control media campaigns may inform development of more effective messages and strategies. Focus groups with primarily low-SES smokers in Connecticut were conducted, finding that participants had seen many tobacco control television ads that used graphic imagery and testimonials, but participants voiced two main themes that limited ad effectiveness: (1) skepticism about the content of ads, the role of the tobacco industry and the government in sponsoring the ads, and the safety and efficacy of cessation supports; and (2) barriers to quitting such as stress, social contexts, and addiction that participants perceived as being underappreciated in the context of the ads. Tobacco control media campaigns targeting low-SES tobacco users may need additional messages, tools, or refinements to more optimally motivate this group to make quit attempts.

Tuberculin Skin Test Screening in Schoolchildren in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Driver ◽  
Sarah E. Valway ◽  
Michael F. Cantwell ◽  
Ida M. Onorato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Local Level ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
School Based

Objective. To determine the current practices and results of tuberculin skin test (TST) screening of schoolchildren in the United States. Methods. Tuberculosis program staff in all states and the District of Columbia were asked about current requirements, practices, and results of school-based TST screening. Results. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia (69%) reported no current statewide statutes or policies for tuberculin screening of schoolchildren, and 10 (19%) reported having statewide requirements. In 6 states (12%), requirements were instituted at the local level, and 24 localities in these states were known to require screening. Of the 34 areas requiring screening, 18 (53%) screened all new entrants, 7 (21%) screened children in specific grades, and 9 (26%) used other criteria for screening. TST results were collected for 26 (76%) of 34 areas, and 6 areas collected results of follow-up evaluation of tuberculin-positive children. Additionally, 8 localities in 7 states with no screening requirements conducted tuberculin surveys. Sixteen areas provided results. In 7 of the 8 areas that collected information about birthplace, less than 2% of US-born children were tuberculin positive; foreign-born children had rates 6 to 24 times higher than US-born children. TST screening identified few cases of tuberculosis, less than 0.02% of the children screened. Conclusion. School-based tuberculin screening identified low rates of positive TST results in US-born children. Resources should be directed toward screening children at high risk for tuberculous infection, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis.

The Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Children: The Immediate and Long-term Outcomes of a School-based Program

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Pattison ◽  
Robert M. Lynd-Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
School Based ◽  
Social Components ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe ability of a school-based program with training in both cognitive and social skills to prevent depressive symptoms in children (the Penn Prevention Program) was evaluated. Research conducted in Australia has failed to replicate the success of the program in the United States. Also evaluated was the ability of the program to reduce the symptoms of anxiety, the assumption that changes in social skills and cognitive style would be associated with changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the relative merits of the cognitive and social components of the program. Sixty-three children in fifth and sixth grades were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. There was no evidence that the Penn Prevention Program had any impact on the variables measured at the end of the program or at the 8-month follow-up assessment. Limitations and implications of the present findings are discussed.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Tobacco Use Cessation

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Valery L. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Us

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) remains a first-line pharmacotherapy for tobacco and smoking cessation. Five formulations of NRT for delivery of nicotine were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration between 1984 and 2002, including 3 available without prescription from pharmacies. A table was created as a tool for pharmacists to counsel patients about the NRT products. The table summarizes available doses, dosing regimen and schedules, administration technique, contraindications, and adverse effects.

Abstract P211: Response to a School-based Health Intervention in High- and Low-income Communities

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rogers ◽  
Nicole Corriveau ◽  
Alexander Lee ◽  
Alexandra Pew ◽  
Wen-Ching Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Based

Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and is a major health issue in the United States. Previous studies show higher rates of obesity in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities. The efficacy of school-based interventions in these communities is not as well documented. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that low SES would be less healthy at baseline and show greater improvement than high SES. Methods: Project Healthy Schools (PHS) is a school-based intervention targeted at middle-school students in lower Michigan. We studied body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid profiles, resting and recovery heart rate (HR), and behavioral characteristics in 3147 middle-school students. Students were stratified into 2 groups: high SES and low SES. Ann Arbor (median family income=$53,377) students were included in the high SES cohort (n=1840) while Ypsilanti ($33,699) and Detroit ($27,862) were considered low SES (n=1307). Chi-square, Wilcoxon, and t-tests were conducted to compare baseline and baseline-to-follow-up data. Median household income was based on US Census Bureau data. Results: At baseline, those students in the low SES cohort performed significantly worse than the students in the high SES cohort in nearly every category, most notably: BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, resting and recovery HR, fried food consumption, exercise, and screen time. Upon follow-up, post-intervention examination, low SES improved recovery HR, screen time, fried meat and snacks, and sugary beverages significantly more than high SES. High SES improved fruit, BP, and total cholesterol significantly more than low SES. Conclusions: The PHS intervention was more efficacious in a number of categories in higher-risk, low SES communities. This suggests a need for the implementation of similar school-based programs in low SES areas.

A Physicians's Guide to Preventing Tobacco Use During Childhood and Adolescence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Roselyn Payne Epps ◽  
Marc W. Manley
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Broad Public Health

Physicians who care for children can and should help patients avoid the use of tobacco. Physicians are well aware of the health hazards associated with tobacco use, inasmuch as smoking is the chief, single cause of premature mortality in this country. Each day, more than 3000 children in the United States begin to use tobacco. Physicians who care for children have patients at vastly different stages of intellectual and social maturity. Both the theory and practical details of tobacco-related interventions differ among infants, children, and adolescents. The physician is in a unique position to intervene in the early stages. Anticipatory guidance—the practice of providing counsel regarding potential problems—is a key part of health care for the young. If physicians provide messages about tobacco use that are appropriate to the patient's age and developmental stage, the potential for broad public health impact is great. Based on a series of clinical trials, the National Cancer Institute developed a manual to assist physicians in helping their patients stop smoking. The recommendations in this manual include four physician activities that begin with the letter A (four A's): Ask, Advise, Assist, and Arrange follow-up. For physicians who treat children, a fifth A, Anticipatory guidance, is added.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document