Komorbide Substanzstörungen in der erwachsenen Allgemeinbevölkerung

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Piontek ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Elena Gomes de Matos ◽  
Alexander Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Epidemiologische Studien ◽  
Substanzbezogene Störungen ◽  
Dsm Iv

Ziel: Ziel ist die Untersuchung der homotypischen Komorbidität von Störungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Konsum von legalen und illegalen Substanzen sowie Medikamenten in der erwachsenen Bevölkerung. Methodik: Die Auswertungen basieren auf Daten des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys 2012. In einem zweistufigen Zufallsverfahren wurde eine Stichprobe von n = 9084 Personen realisiert (Ausschöpfung 53.6 %). Substanzbezogene Störungen nach DSM-IV wurden mithilfe des Münchener Composite International Diagnostic Interview für Alkohol, Tabak, Cannabis, Kokain, Amphetamine sowie Schmerz-, Schlaf- und Beruhigungsmittel erfasst. Ergebnisse: Multiple Diagnosen (Missbrauch und/oder Abhängigkeit) lagen bei insgesamt 6.6 % der Stichprobe vor. Der Anteil komorbider Substanzstörungen war bei Störungen durch Cannabis-, Schlafmittel- und Kokainkonsum am höchsten. Als Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten mindestens einer bzw. mehr als einer Diagnose erwiesen sich männliches Geschlecht, jüngeres Alter, niedrigere Schulbildung, lediger/geschiedener Familienstand und nicht-deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft. Schlussfolgerungen: Ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil der deutschen Bevölkerung ist von multiplen Substanzstörungen betroffen. Weitere epidemiologische Studien zur Beschreibung dieser Hochrisikogruppe sind nötig.

Latent Class Analysis of DSM-5 Criteria for Opioid Use Disorders: Results from the Iranian National Survey on Mental Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Hojjat Zeraati ◽  
Seyed Abbas Motevalian ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Opioid Users

Background: Assessments of DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria with sample populations of opioid users are limited. This study aimed to determine the number of latent classes in opioid users and assessment of the proposed revisions to the DSM-5 opioid use disorder (OUD) criteria. Methods: Data came from the 2011 Iranian National Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) on 7,886 participants aged 15-64 years living in Iran. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 2.1 in all respondents who indicated using opioids at least 5 times in the previous 12 months (n = 236). Results: A three-class model provided the best fit of all the models tested. Classes showed a spectrum of severity that was compatible with the DSM-5 classification. ‘Legal problems' and ‘desire to cut down' showed poor discrimination between classes. The weighted prevalence of OUD using DSM-5 was 20.7% higher than with DSM-IV. Conclusions: Results support the grouping based on severity of symptoms, combining abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis, omitting legal problems, and addition of craving as a new criterion.

Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Sakashita ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

Specific fears and phobias

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Curtis ◽  
William J. Magee ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Family Psychopathology ◽  
Demographic Features

BackgroundData on eight specific fears representing DSM–III–R simple phobia were analysed to evaluate: (a) their prevalence and (b) the validity of subtypes of specific phobia defined by DSM–IV.MethodA modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to a probability sample of 8098 community respondents. Correlates of responses to questions concerning these fears were analysed.ResultsThe most prevalent specific fears were of animals among women, and of heights among men. Slight evidence was found for specific phobia subtypes. Number of fears, independent of type, powerfully predicted impairment, comorbidity, illness course, demographic features, and family psychopathology.ConclusionNumber of specific fears may mark a general predisposition to psychopathology. More detailed information is needed to resolve the question of specific phobia subtypes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of DSM-IV Major Psychiatric Disorders among North Korean Defectors in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Kyoung Eun Lee ◽  
Carolyn Seungyoun Moon ◽  
Ji Hyun An ◽  
Hyo Chul Lee ◽  
Da Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Specific Disorders

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea.Methods The study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders.Results The lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries.Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.

scholarly journals Impact of Substance-Induced and General Medical Condition Exclusion Criteria on the Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders as Defined by the CIDI

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Tracy M. Anderson ◽  
Lorna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectives: It has been previously argued that the methodology used by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 to assess the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria are inadequate. As a result prevalence estimates generated from epidemiological studies using this interview may be underestimated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria in the Australian National Survey for Mental Health and Well-being and determine the impact that they have on prevalence estimates of the common mental disorders. Method: Data from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being were analysed. Frequencies were generated as an indication of how many respondents believed that their psychiatric symptoms were always due to a substance or general medical condition. New DSM-IV prevalence estimates were calculated ignoring the application of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria and compared to standard DSM-IV prevalence estimates. Results: The effect of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria on final prevalence rates were minimal, with approximately a 0.1% increase when the exclusions were ignored. This equates to a relative difference ranging from no difference for generalized anxiety disorder to an increase of 12% of the base prevalence estimate for agoraphobia. Conclusions: In surveys that use the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria have a minor impact on determining final case definition in the majority of mental disorders.

Non-disabled cases in a national survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. KORTEN ◽  
J. MEDWAY
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reported Data

Background. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of mental disorders consistently reported in large-scale community surveys have met with deserved scepticism. A crucial variable is the extent to which people who are considered cases are also disabled by their symptoms. In a national population survey, we hypothesized that an administratively significant proportion of persons with anxiety or depressive disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV would report no disability.Methods. Interviews were sought on a nationally representative sample of people aged 18 and over across Australia. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview on laptop (CIDI-A) was used by professional survey interviewers to identify persons meeting ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders in the previous 4 weeks, together with self-reported data on associated disability and medical consultations for the same period.Results. In an achieved sample of 10641 persons (response rate = 78%), no disability in daily life was reported by 28% of persons with an anxiety disorder and 15% with a depressive disorder by ICD-10 criteria; and by 20·4% and 13·9% respectively by DSM-IV. Non-disabled respondents had lower scores on two measures of psychological distress and markedly lower rates for having consulted a doctor for their symptoms.Conclusion. The ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders, when applied to the information on symptoms elicited by the CIDI-A, inadequately discriminate between people who are and are not disabled by their symptoms. There may be a group of highly symptomatic people in the general population who tolerate their symptoms and are not disabled by them.

scholarly journals Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
Miranda Van Hooff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundStudies examining the impact of childhood disaster exposure on the development of adult psychopathology report increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology.AimsTo examine the rates of PTSD and other lifetime DSM–IV disorders in adults exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster as children in 1983 using a matched control sample recruited at the time of the original study.MethodA total of 1011 adults recruited from an original sample of 1531 were assessed 20 years following the fires using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI–2.1).ResultsResults showed only a small direct impact of the fires on adult psychiatric morbidity. A higher proportion of bushfire survivors met criteria for ‘any DSM–IV disorder’ and ‘any anxiety’.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the long-term impact of a prominent trauma in childhood should be assessed in the context of other lifetime trauma in order to provide a more accurate account of PTSD prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
Carmen Lara ◽  
Patricia Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundNo national data on lifetime prevalence and risk factors for DSM–IV psychiatric disorders are available in Mexico.AimsTo present data on lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk, age at onset and demographic correlates of DSM–IV psychiatric disorders assessed in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey.MethodThe survey was based on a multistage area probability sample of non-institutionalised people aged 18–65 years in urban Mexico. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by lay interviewers.ResultsOf those surveyed, 26.1% had experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in their life and 36.4% of Mexicans will eventually experience one of these disorders. Half of the population who present with a psychiatric disorder do so by the age of 21 and younger cohorts are at greater risk for most disorders.ConclusionsOur results suggest an urgent need to re-evaluate the resources allocated for the detection and treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Mexico.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document