Strategies for School-Based Response to Loss: Proactive Training and Postvention Consultation

Crisis ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Grossman ◽  
Jay Hirsch ◽  
Dorothea Goldenberg ◽  
Sharon Libby ◽  
Michael Fendrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Community Action ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
School Based ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Medical Examiners

The suicide of a student or staff member is one of the most difficult crises confronting a high school. This article describes the first year of a school-based postvention program to train and consult with crisis personnel in a structured response to this crisis. Responding to Loss (RTL) is one program offered by Community Action for Youth Survival, a project of the Ronald McDonald Children's Charities. Serving a contiguous three county urban area, this program integrates public health, epidemiological, psychiatric, and prevention paradigms to provide a comprehensive approach to the aftermath of adolescent suicide. RTL provides an interdisciplinary model for comprehensive, school-based postvention programs based on the guidelines developed by the Centers for Disease Control and national and local psychological autopsy data. It highlights the significance of responding to increased rates of suicide in minority youth, suicide witnessed by peers, and suicide victims who have dropped out of school. Organizational issues, such as systematic school entry, development of a computerized school database, proactive training, and collaboration with the offices of medical examiners and coroners, are described. Initial evaluation data from year 1 indicate significant gains in participants' knowledge and skills, as well as a high rate of consumer satisfaction.

Socio-economic differences in smoking among adolescents in a school-based smoking intervention: The X:IT II study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110076
Author(s):  
Lotus S. Bast ◽  
Lisbeth Lund ◽  
Stine G. LauemØller ◽  
Simone G. Kjeld ◽  
Pernille Due ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Smoking Intervention ◽  
School Time ◽  
School Based ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Baseline Response

Aims: Socio-economic inequalities in health behaviour may be influenced by health interventions. We examined whether the X:IT II intervention, aiming at preventing smoking in adolescence, was equally effective among students from different occupational social classes (OSC). Methods: We used data from the multi-component school-based smoking preventive intervention X:IT II, targeting 13- to 15-year-olds in Denmark. The intervention was tested in 46 schools with 2307 eligible students at baseline (response rate=86.6%) and had three main intervention components: smoke-free school time, smoke-free curriculum and parental involvement. We used a difference-in-difference design and estimated the change in current smoking after the first year of implementation in high versus low OSC. Analyses were based on available cases ( N=1190) and imputation of missing data at follow-up ( N=1967). Results: We found that 1% of the students from high OSC and 4.9% from low OSC were smokers at baseline (imputed data), and 8.2% of the students from high OSC and 12.2% from low OSC were smokers at follow-up. Difference-in-difference estimates were close to zero, indicating no differential trajectory. Conclusions: As intended, the X:IT II intervention, designed to apply equally to students from all socio-economic groups, did not seem to create different trajectories in current smoking among adolescents in high and low socio-economic groups. To diminish social inequality in health, future studies should carefully consider the ability to affect all socio-economic groups equally, or even to appeal mainly to participants from lower socio-economic groups, as they are often the ones most in need of intervention.

scholarly journals A Cost Analysis of School-Based Lifestyle Interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marije Oosterhoff ◽  
Hans Bosma ◽  
Onno C.P. van Schayck ◽  
Manuela A. Joore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Offsets

Abstract A uniform approach for costing school-based lifestyle interventions is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a template for costing primary school-based lifestyle interventions and apply this to the costing of the “Healthy Primary School of the Future” (HPSF) and the “Physical Activity School” (PAS), which aim to improve physical activity and dietary behaviors. Cost-effectiveness studies were reviewed to identify the cost items. Societal costs were reflected by summing up the education, household and leisure, labor and social security, and health perspectives. Cost inputs for HPSF and PAS were obtained for the first year after implementation. In a scenario analysis, the costs were explored for a hypothetical steady state. From a societal perspective, the per child costs were €2.7/$3.3 (HPSF) and €− 0.3/$− 0.4 (PAS) per day during the first year after implementation, and €1.0/$1.2 and €− 1.3/$− 1.6 in a steady state, respectively (2016 prices). The highest costs were incurred by the education perspective (first year: €8.7/$10.6 (HPSF) and €4.0/$4.9 (PAS); steady state: €6.1/$7.4 (HPSF) and €2.1/$2.6 (PAS)), whereas most of the cost offsets were received by the household and leisure perspective (first year: €− 6.0/$− 7.3 (HPSF) and €− 4.4/$− 5.4 (PAS); steady state: €− 5.0/$− 6.1 (HPSF) and €− 3.4/$− 4.1 (PAS)). The template proved helpful for costing HPSF and PAS from various stakeholder perspectives. The costs for the education sector were fully (PAS) and almost fully (HPSF) compensated by the savings within the household sector. Whether the additional costs of HPSF over PAS represent value for money will depend on their relative effectiveness.

scholarly journals Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy: Presentation of a Case Affecting the Mandible

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhir Khemiri ◽  
Jihene Feki ◽  
Afef Khanfir ◽  
Mohamed Abdelmoula ◽  
Mounir Frikha
Keyword(s):  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Anterior Mandible

Abstract- Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare and distinctive neoplasm of early infancy with rapid expansile growth and a high rate of recurrences. Most commonly the lesion affects the maxilla of infants during the first year of life, but it may also occur in the mandible, skull, brain, epididymis, and other rare locations. Common treatment methods’ include surgical excision and resection of the tumor. The aim of this article was to show the diagnosis and treatment of a 7-month-old patient with melanotic neuroectodermal tumor occurred in the anterior mandible and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based self-care education for healthcare professional students in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
Shizuma Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Education ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Care Education

[Background] Recent studies have consistently shown that medical students experience a high rate of psychological symptoms. In this situation, teaching mindfulness in medical school has the potential to prevent student burnout. However, there are few consistent educational programs in medical schools throughout Japan.[Method] Since 2015, Showa University (Tokyo) has practiced an intensive self-care program based on mindfulness for 600 first-year healthcare professional students in the schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, and rehabilitation. The target objectives of this program were as follows: understand the needs of self-care, enhance self-awareness, evaluate evidence of mindfulness for mental diseases, and practice formal/informal mindfulness-based activities. This program consisted of a 90-minute lecture, followed by consecutive reflective activities, including completing personal journals and portfolios. The students were required to plan how to make use of what they learned in this course. The students were asked to complete a questionnaire upon completion of the course.[Results] The questionnaire indicated that more than 90% of the students were satisfied with the program, and about 25% started regular mindfulness-based practices such as meditation and breathing methods aimed to reduce test anxiety. Descriptions from the e-portfolio showed that the participants understood evitable stressors and the importance of the body-mind relationship.[Conclusion] Mindfulness-based self-care education can encourage healthcare students to understand the necessity of self-care during the early stages of their professional training. This program for the first year students will be followed by a course on Professionalism for healthcare professional students during their subsequent years of university education.  

Assessing the Effectiveness of Vocational Education and Training in Economic Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Pinar Feyzioglu Akkoyunlu
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Training ◽  
Unemployment Problem

Education in general is considered and its effect on economic and human development is questioned via the Human Development Index criteria. Education as an investment to human capital is discussed. Secondly, the demand for highly skilled workers and the relation between employment and new technologies are analyzed. The high rate of unemployment of educated youth is a disadvantage for economic and social stability. The importance of vocational education in overcoming this unemployment problem is discussed. Third, the Turkish and German economies and education systems in particular are compared. In Turkey, there is an increase in the number of university graduates but also there is an increase in the number of unemployed educated young people. In this perspective school-based education, a dual system in which school-based education is combined with firm-based training and informal training is explained. The German system is investigated with a view to obtain clues for an efficient education system.

scholarly journals A modified transfusion program for prevention of stroke in sickle cell disease

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1657-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Cohen ◽  
MB Martin ◽  
JH Silber ◽  
HC Kim ◽  
K Ohene-Frempong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusions ◽  
Major Reduction

Abstract Regular red blood cell transfusions reduce the rate of recurrent cerebral infarction in sickle cell disease but lead to accumulation of excessive iron. We studied the effect on the prevention of recurrent stroke and the volume of blood transfused of a modified transfusion program in which the pretransfusion percentage of hemoglobin S (HbS) was maintained at 50%, rather than the conventional 30%. Fifteen patients with sickle cell disease and cerebral infarction who had been free of recurrent stroke for at least 4 years during which the pretransfusion HbS was maintained below 30% were assigned to a transfusion program in which the HbS was allowed to increase to 50%. Transfusion regimens included simple transfusion and manual and automated partial exchange transfusion. The duration of follow-up was 14 to 130 months with a median duration of 84 months. None of the 15 patients had a recurrent cerebral infarction during 1,023 patient- months in which the target pretransfusion HbS was 50%. Analysis of this finding, using a binomial distribution, indicates that there is less than a 5% chance that the risk per patient of recurrent stroke in the first year of the modified transfusion program is greater than 18%. One 23-year-old patient had a fatal intraventricular hemorrhage when the HbS was 30% and a 21-year-old patient had a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the 40th week of pregnancy when the HbS was 29%. Blood requirements with simple transfusions decreased by 17% to 48% (mean 31%) when the target pretransfusion HbS level was increased from 30% to 50% (P less than .001). Manual or automated partial exchange transfusions and a target HbS level of 50% in eight patients reduced blood requirements by 33% to 99% (mean 67%) in comparison with simple transfusion and a target HbS level of 30% (P less than .001). This study offers evidence that a target pretransfusion HbS level of 50% affords a continuing high rate of protection against recurrent cerebral infarction in sickle cell disease after 4 years of a conventional transfusion program. Increasing the target HbS level from 30% to 50% provides a major reduction in blood requirements and lowers the rate of iron accumulation.

Effects of a comprehensive fruit- and vegetable-promoting school-based intervention in three European countries: the Pro Children Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. te Velde ◽  
J. Brug ◽  
M. Wind ◽  
C. Hildonen ◽  
M. Bjelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Multilevel Linear Regression

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the Pro Children intervention on schoolchildren's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake after 1 and 2 years of follow-up. The intervention combined a FV curriculum with efforts to improve FV availability at schools and at home. Effects were examined in a group-randomised trial among 1472 10–11-year-old children from sixty-two schools in Norway, the Netherlands and Spain. FV intake was assessed by means of validated self-administered questionnaires completed before the intervention (September 2003), immediately after the first year of the intervention (May 2004) and 1 year later (May 2005). Data were analysed using multilevel linear regression analyses with age and sex as covariates. Significant intervention effects for FV intake were found at first follow-up in the total sample. The adjusted FV intake reported by the children from intervention schools was 20 % higher than FV intake reported by children from control schools. At 1 year later, a significant impact was only observed in Norway. Positive intervention effects on FV intake occurred both at school and outside school. We conclude that the Pro Children intervention is a promising means to promote European schoolchildren's FV intakes, but mainly fruit intake, in the short term. As shown in Norway, where the intervention was best implemented, the intervention might also result in longer-term effects. Further strategies need to be developed that can improve implementation, have an impact on vegetable intake and can secure sustained effects.

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