Fatality of Suicide Attempts in Amsterdam 1996–2005

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evertjan Jansen ◽  
Marcel C.A. Buster ◽  
Annemarie L. Zuur ◽  
Cees Das
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Municipal Health

Background: According to recent figures, Amsterdam is the municipality with the highest absolute number of suicides and the second highest suicide rate in the Netherlands. Aims: The aim of the study was to identify time trends and demographic differences in the occurrence of nonfatal suicide attempts versus suicides. Methods: We used registrations of forensic physicians and ambulance services of the Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam to study 1,004 suicides and 6,166 nonfatal attempts occurring in Amsterdam over the period 1996–2005. Results: The number of nonfatal attempts declined from 1996 to 2005, but the number of completed suicides remained relatively stable. Although case fatality was strongly associated with method used, we also found higher case fatalities for men and older people independent of method. Conclusions: The case fatality results suggest differences in motive among different demographic groups: possibly the wish to die is stronger among men and elderly. This finding had implications for the success to be expected from different preventive measures.

scholarly journals Early determination of case fatality rate of COVID-19 pandemic during the ongoing Yemeni armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdulla Salem Bin Ghouth ◽  
Ali Ahmed Al-Waleedi ◽  
Marhami Fahriani ◽  
Firzan Nainu ◽  
Harapan Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Objectives: To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its associated determinants in order to understand the true magnitude of the problem during ongoing conflict in Yemen. Methods: The CFR among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yemen was calculated. The data was retrieved from national COVID-19 surveillance between April 10, when the first COVID-19 case reported, and May 31, 2020. Results: A total of 419 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported. There were 14.1% and 5.7% of cases who required intensive care and mechanical ventilators, respectively. Out of total cases, 95 deaths were reported, giving CFR of 22.6% which is much higher compared to other countries. CFR was significantly higher among elderly compared to young adults and varied between governorates. Mortality was associated with preexisting hypertension (OR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.58, 3.54) and diabetes (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.08, 2.61). Conclusions: Elderly and those with comorbidities, in particular hypertension and diabetes, have higher risk for poor outcomes and therefore should receive more attention in the clinical setting. Preventive measures should also be prioritized to protect those groups in order to reduce the severe cases and deaths-associated COVID-19 in armed-conflict.

scholarly journals Geographic and demographic heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Illinois, USA, March to December 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias M. Holden ◽  
Reese A. K. Richardson ◽  
Philip Arevalo ◽  
Wayne A. Duffus ◽  
Manuela Runge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Demographic Heterogeneity ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing in the United States (U.S.) has fluctuated through the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in the U.S. state of Illinois. Despite substantial ramp-up in test volume, access to SARS-CoV-2 testing remains limited, heterogeneous, and insufficient to control spread. Methods We compared SARS-CoV-2 testing rates across geographic regions, over time, and by demographic characteristics (i.e., age and racial/ethnic groups) in Illinois during March through December 2020. We compared age-matched case fatality ratios and infection fatality ratios through time to estimate the fraction of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have been detected through diagnostic testing. Results By the end of 2020, initial geographic differences in testing rates had closed substantially. Case fatality ratios were higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino populations in Illinois relative to non-Hispanic White populations, suggesting that tests were insufficient to accurately capture the true burden of COVID-19 disease in the minority populations during the initial epidemic wave. While testing disparities decreased during 2020, Hispanic/Latino populations consistently remained the least tested at 1.87 tests per 1000 population per day compared with 2.58 and 2.87 for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations, respectively, at the end of 2020. Despite a large expansion in testing since the beginning of the first wave of the epidemic, we estimated that over half (50–80%) of all SARS-CoV-2 infections were not detected by diagnostic testing and continued to evade surveillance. Conclusions Systematic methods for identifying relatively under-tested geographic regions and demographic groups may enable policymakers to regularly monitor and evaluate the shifting landscape of diagnostic testing, allowing officials to prioritize allocation of testing resources to reduce disparities in COVID-19 burden and eventually reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Recent time trends in levels of self-reported anxiety, mental health service use and suicidal behaviour in Stockholm

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kosidou ◽  
C. Magnusson ◽  
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
J. Hallqvist ◽  
C. Hellner Gumpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Health Service Use

Alcohol Intoxication and Suicide by Hanging in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Lasota ◽  
Witold Pawłowski ◽  
Paweł Krajewski ◽  
Anna Staniszewska ◽  
Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Aims An integral part of the World Health Organization (WHO) plan to reduce suicide by 10% by 2020 is to identify areas and demographic groups, which should be priority target groups for preventive activities. This study aimed to present the demographic differences between victims of suicide by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, by examining the sobriety of victims. Methods Data for analysis were obtained from the documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine (DFM) at the Medical University of Warsaw (MUW). The retrospective analysis included 358 out of 466 victims of suicides by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, recorded in the DFM documentation covering 2011–2013. The data gathered included age, gender, the cause of death, a post-mortem examination as well as the level of ethanol in the blood and muscles of victims. Results In both groups, men accounted for a larger percentage of victims than women, P = 0.068. In the no-alcohol group, the victims were older than in the alcohol group (47.52 ± 19.21 vs. 40.88 ± 12.77) (P < 0.001). The majority of the studied population were victims aged 25–34 (22.90%), mainly men (20.95%). Young men were also the largest group among victims in the alcohol group (28.33%). The most numerous age group among no-alcohol group were older victims aged 55–64 (19.10%), especially men (16.29%). Conclusion Regardless of sobriety, men were the largest group of suicide victims in the study population, which means that men die suicide more often than women. Differences in gender proportions are related to age. In the studied population, it was primarily young victims, mainly men. These are the groups that should be priority target groups for preventive activities aimed at reducing the number of suicides. The presence of ethanol in more than half of the victims of suicide in the study population indicates that alcohol is an important suicidal risk factor.

scholarly journals Determinants of Case Fatality After Hospitalization for Stroke in France 2010 to 2015

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Gabet ◽  
Olivier Grimaud ◽  
Christine de Peretti ◽  
Yannick Béjot ◽  
Valérie Olié
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Stroke Awareness ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Stroke Type

Background and Purpose— The aims of this study were to (1) describe early and late case fatality rates after stroke in France, (2) evaluate whether their determinants differed, and (3) analyze time trends between 2010 and 2015. Methods— Data were extracted from the Système National des données de santé database. Patients hospitalized for stroke each year from 2010 to 2015, aged ≥18 years, and affiliated to the general insurance scheme were selected. Cox regressions were used to separately analyze determinants of 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for each stroke type (ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Results— In 2015, of the 73 124 persons hospitalized for stroke, 26.8% died in the following year, with the majority of deaths occurring within the first 30 days (56.9%). Nonadmission to a stroke unit, older age, and having comorbidities were all associated with a poorer 30-day and 31- to 365-day prognosis. Female sex was associated with a lower 31- to 365-day case fatality rate for all patients with stroke. Living in an area with a high deprivation index was associated with both higher 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for all stroke types. Between 2010 and 2015, significant decreases in both 30-day and 31- to 365-day case fatality rates for ischemic patients were observed. Conclusions— Case fatality rates after stroke remained high in 2015 in France, despite major improvements in stroke care and organization. Improvement in stroke awareness and preparedness, particularly in the most deprived areas, together with better follow-up after the acute phase are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Demographic Variables Are Associated with Differing Perceptions of a Broad Range of Public Library Benefits

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Sara Sharun
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Perceived Outcomes

Objective – To determine the frequency and nature of perceived beneficial outcomes of public libraries on individuals, and to identify demographic differences in these perceived outcomes. Design – Self-administered, online questionnaire asking respondents to rate the frequency of benefits they received from public libraries in 22 areas of life including education, work, and business; everyday activities; and leisure activities. Setting – United States of America. Subjects – 1010 respondents from 49 states: 50% female, 76% white, 55% urban or suburban. Methods – Correspondence analysis was used to visualize relationships between demographic variables and perceived outcomes. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify structures among the outcomes and summarize data into three core dimensions: everyday activities and interests; reading and self-education; and work and formal education. Multiway ANOVAs were used to test the significance of demographic differences on perceived outcomes. Main Results – The most highly ranked areas of perceived benefits were reading fiction and non-fiction, self-education during leisure time, interest in history or society, and health. Outdoor activities, exercise, and sport ranked the lowest. Respondents in younger age groups reported benefits in “education and work,” as did ethnic minorities and people with lower household incomes. “Everyday life” benefits were reported by male, suburban, White, middle-income respondents. “Reading and self-education” benefits were reported by high-income, older age groups, White, and female respondents. Two demographic groups did not correspond to any benefit categories: those who did not graduate high school and those over age 65. Conclusion – There are significant differences among demographic groups in how the benefits of public libraries are perceived, and these demographic differences have implications for program planning, marketing, and outreach in public libraries. Specifically, libraries should work to increase and improve service to less-advantaged groups, including low-income earners and ethnic minorities, and make available more services and resources relevant to older people.

scholarly journals Twenty-Year Time Trends in Long-Term Case-Fatality and Recurrence Rates After Ischemic Stroke Stratified by Etiology

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 2778-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Rücker ◽  
Peter U. Heuschmann ◽  
Martin O’Flaherty ◽  
Michael Weingärtner ◽  
Manuela Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Small Artery Occlusion

Background and Purpose: Data on long-term survival and recurrence after stroke are lacking. We investigated time trends in ischemic stroke case-fatality and recurrence rates over 20-years stratified by etiological subtype according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification within a population-based stroke register in Germany. Methods: Data was collected within the Erlangen Stroke Project, a prospective, population-based stroke register covering a source population of 105 164 inhabitants (2010). Case fatality and recurrence rates for 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years were estimated with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Sex-specific time trends for case-fatality and recurrence rates were estimated with Cox regression. We adjusted for age, sex, and year of event and stratified for etiological subtypes. A sensitivity analysis with competing risk analysis for time trends in recurrence were performed. Results: Between 1996 and 2015, 3346 patients with first ischemic stroke were included; age-standardized incidence per 100 000 was 75.8 in women and 131.6 in men (2015). Overall, 5-year survival probabilities were 50.4% (95% CI, 47.9–53.1) in women and 59.2% (95% CI, 56.4–62.0) in men; 5-year survival was highest in patients with first stroke due to small-artery occlusion (women, 71.8% [95% CI, 67.1–76.9]; men, 75.9% [95% CI, 71.3–80.9]) and lowest in cardioembolic stroke (women, 35.7% [95% CI, 31.0–41.1]; men, 47.8% [95% CI, 42.2–54.3]). Five-year recurrence rates were 20.1% (95% CI, 17.5–22.6) in women and 20.1% (95% CI, 17.5–22.7) in men; 5-year recurrence rate was lowest in women in stroke due to small artery occlusion 16.0% (95% CI, 11.7–20.1) and in men in large-artery atherosclerosis 16.6% (95% CI, 8.7–23.9); highest risk of recurrence was observed in undefined strokes (women, 22.3% [95% CI, 17.8–26.6]; men, 21.4% [95% CI, 16.7–25.9]). Cox regression revealed improvements in case-fatality rates over time with differences in stroke causes. No time trends in recurrence rates were observed. Conclusions: Long-term survival and recurrence varied substantially by first stroke cause. Survival probabilities improved over the past 2 decades; no major trends in stroke recurrence rates were observed.

scholarly journals Malaria Outbreak Facilitated by Appearance of Vector-Breeding Sites after Heavy Rainfall and Inadequate Preventive Measures: Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, February–May 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Godfrey Nsereko ◽  
Daniel Kadobera ◽  
Denis Okethwangu ◽  
Joyce Nguna ◽  
Damian Rutazaana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Control Study

Background. Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In April 2018, malaria cases surged in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, exceeding expected limits and thereby requiring epidemic response. We investigated this outbreak to estimate its magnitude, identify exposure factors for transmission, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods. We defined a malaria case as onset of fever in a resident of Anaka subcounty, Koch Goma subcounty, and Nwoya Town Council, Nwoya District, with a positive rapid diagnostic test or microscopy for malaria from 1 February to 25 May 2018. We reviewed medical records in all health facilities of affected subcounties to find cases. In a case-control study, we compared exposure factors between case-persons and asymptomatic controls matched by age and village. We also conducted entomological assessments on vector density and behavior. Results. We identified 3,879 case-persons (attack rate [AR] = 6.5%) and two deaths (case-fatality rate = 5.2/10,000). Females (AR = 8.1%) were more affected than males (AR = 4.7%) (p<0.0001). Of all age groups, 5–18 years (AR = 8.4%) were most affected. Heavy rain started in early March 2018, and a propagated outbreak followed in the first week of April 2018. In the case-control study, 55% (59/107) of case-persons and 18% (19/107) of controls had stagnant water around households for several days following rainfall (ORM-H = 5.6, 95% CI = 3.0–11); 25% (27/107) of case-persons and 51% (55/107) of controls wore full extremity covering clothes during evening hours (ORM-H = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.20–0.60); 71% (76/107) of case-persons and 85% (91/107) of controls slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) 14 days before symptom onset (ORM-H = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22–0.85); 37% (40/107) of case-persons and 52% (56/107) of controls had access to at least one LLIN per 2 household members (ORM-H = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30–0.97). Entomological assessment indicated active breeding sites in the entire study area; Anopheles gambiae sensu lato species were the predominant vector. Conclusion. Increased vector-breeding sites after heavy rainfall and inadequate malaria preventive measures were found to have contributed to this outbreak. We recommended increasing coverage for LLINs and larviciding breeding sites in the area.

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