scholarly journals Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Harrison ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Robyn E. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

BackgroundPrevious literature has demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This association has not previously been examined in a causal inference framework and could have important implications for suicide prevention strategies.AimsWe aimed to examine the evidence for an association between smoking behaviours (initiation, smoking status, heaviness, lifetime smoking) and suicidal thoughts or attempts by triangulating across observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses.MethodFirst, in the UK Biobank, we calculated observed associations between smoking behaviours and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Second, we used Mendelian randomisation to explore the relationship between smoking and suicide attempts and ideation, using genetic variants as instruments to reduce bias from residual confounding and reverse causation.ResultsOur observational analysis showed a relationship between smoking behaviour, suicidal ideation and attempts, particularly between smoking initiation and suicide attempts (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI 1.91–2.26; P < 0.001). The Mendelian randomisation analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, however, did not support this (odds ratio for lifetime smoking on suicidal ideation, 0.050; 95% CI −0.027 to 0.127; odds ratio on suicide attempts, 0.053; 95% CI, −0.003 to 0.110). Despite past literature showing a positive dose-response relationship, our results showed no clear evidence for a causal effect of smoking on suicidal ideation or attempts.ConclusionsThis was the first Mendelian randomisation study to explore the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts. Our results suggest that, despite observed associations, there is no clear evidence for a causal effect.

scholarly journals Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: A triangulation of epidemiological approaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Harrison ◽  
Marcus R Munafò ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Robyn E Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature has demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking and suicide-related behaviours, characterised as ideation, plans, attempts and suicide related death. This association has not previously been examined in a causal inference framework and has important implications for suicide prevention strategies.AimsWe aimed to examine the evidence for an association between smoking behaviours (initiation, smoking status, heaviness, lifetime smoking) and suicidal thoughts or attempts by triangulating across observational and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses.MethodsFirst, in the UK Biobank, we calculate observed associations between smoking behaviours and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Second, we used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to explore the relationship between smoking and suicide using genetic variants as instruments to reduce bias from residual confounding and reverse causation.ResultsOur observational analysis showed a relationship between smoking behaviour and suicidal behaviour, particularly between smoking initiation and suicidal attempts (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.91 to 2.26, p<0.001). The MR analysis and single SNP analysis, however, did not support this. Despite past literature showing a positive dose-response relationship our results showed no clear evidence for a causal effect of smoking on suicidal behaviours.ConclusionThis was the first MR study to explore the effect of smoking on suicidal behaviours. Our results suggest that, despite observed associations, there is no strong evidence for a causal effect of smoking behaviour on suicidal behaviour. Our evidence suggests that further research is needed into alternative risk factors for suicide which might make better intervention targets.

Estimating the Magnitude of the Relation Between Bullying, E-Bullying, and Suicidal Behaviors Among United States Youth, 2015

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Kuehn ◽  
Annelise Wagner ◽  
Jennifer Velloza
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Effects Of Bullying ◽  
Pc Algorithm ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Significant Covariates

Abstract. Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among US adolescents aged 12–19 years. Researchers would benefit from a better understanding of the direct effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide to inform intervention work. Aims: To explore the direct and indirect effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide attempts (SAs) and to estimate the magnitude of these effects controlling for significant covariates. Method: This study uses data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative sample of US high school youth. We quantified the association between bullying and the likelihood of SA, after adjusting for covariates (i.e., sexual orientation, obesity, sleep, etc.) identified with the PC algorithm. Results: Bullying and e-bullying were significantly associated with SA in logistic regression analyses. Bullying had an estimated average causal effect (ACE) of 2.46%, while e-bullying had an ACE of 4.16%. Limitations: Data are cross-sectional and temporal precedence is not known. Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between bullying, e-bullying, and SA.

scholarly journals Tendency towards being a “Morning person” increases risk of Parkinson’s disease: evidence from Mendelian randomisation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Noyce ◽  
DA Kia ◽  
K Heilbron ◽  
JEC Jepson ◽  
G Hemani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Effect Estimate

AbstractBackgroundCircadian rhythm may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Chronotype is the behavioural manifestation of circadian rhythm and Mendelian randomisation (MR) involves the use of genetic variants to explore causal effects of exposures on outcomes. This study aimed to explore a causal relationship between chronotype and coffee consumption on risk of PD.MethodsTwo-sample MR was undertaken using publicly available GWAS data. Associations between genetic instrumental variables (IV) and “morning person” (one extreme of chronotype) were obtained from the personal genetics company 23andMe, Inc., and UK Biobank, and consisted of the per-allele odds ratio of being a “morning person” for 15 independent variants. The per-allele difference in log-odds of PD for each variant was estimated from a recent meta-analysis. The inverse variance weight method was used to estimate an odds ratio (OR) for the effect of being a “morning person” on PD. Additional MR methods were used to check for bias in the IVW estimate, arising through violation of MR assumptions. The results were compared to analyses employing a genetic instrument of coffee consumption, because coffee consumption has been previously inversely linked to PD.FindingsBeing a “morning person” was causally linked with risk of PD (OR 1⋅27; 95% confidence interval 1⋅06-1⋅51; p=0⋅012). Sensitivity analyses did not suggest that invalid instruments were biasing the effect estimate and there was no evidence for a reverse causal relationship between liability for PD and chronotype. There was no robust evidence for a causal effect of high coffee consumption using IV analysis, but the effect was imprecisely estimated (OR 1⋅12; 95% CI 0⋅89-1⋅42; p=0⋅22).InterpretationWe observed causal evidence to support the notion that being a “morning person”, a phenotype driven by the circadian clock, is associated with a higher risk of PD. Further work on the mechanisms is warranted and may lead to novel therapeutic targets.FundingNo specific funding source.

Psychosocial factors that distinguish between men and women who have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide: findings from a national probability sample of adults

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cara Richardson ◽  
Kathryn A. Robb ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Rory C. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background Previous research has highlighted the importance of understanding which psychosocial factors distinguish between those with suicide thoughts compared to those who attempt suicide. This study aims to investigate these distinguishing factors further within an ideation-to-action framework and to explore sex differences in suicide risk. Methods Participants (n = 7546, aged 16+) were from the cross-sectional Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS; 2014) of England. Face-to-face and self-completion questionnaires assessed lifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, demographic characteristics, life experiences, social support, health and mental illness. Multinomial logistic regression examined factors differentiating between those with suicidal ideation only and suicide attempt histories (with or without suicidal ideation) in men and women. Results Overall men were less likely to report suicidal thoughts and attempts, compared to females. More factors differentiated between suicidal thoughts and attempts in women compared to in men; these included hospital admission for mental illness, below degree level qualifications, being single and childhood adversity. In men, factors which significantly differentiated between suicidal thoughts and attempts included self-report of professional diagnosis of mental illness and childhood adversity. Higher levels of social support were associated with being in the suicidal thoughts group v. in the attempts group in men. Conclusion This study identified some key differences between men and women in factors associated with suicide attempts compared to suicidal thoughts. The findings support the use of the ideation-to-action framework to investigate sex differences in suicidal behaviour. Future research should examine the extent to which these factors are associated with suicide risk over time.

Experience of suicidal thoughts: A discourse analytic study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Galasiński ◽  
Justyna Ziółkowska
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

In the paper we explore the relationship between current psychiatric thinking on suicide and service users’ accounts of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The data comes from recordings of psychiatric interviews collected in three psychiatric hospitals in Poland. Assuming a constructionist view of discourse we argue that the literature on suicide ignores and simplifies the experience of those who think about suicide and attempt to commit it and constructs their experiences as a homogeneous group of ‘thoughts’ only with content (without form). We also offer a preliminary insight into the complexity of ‘suicide thoughts, as narrated by those reporting them. We demonstrate that they are marginalised and made relatively irrelevant in the accounts of attempted suicide. Additionally, we demonstrate that while women construct suicide attempts (whether actually attempted in the end or not) as at least potentially beyond their control, men’s narratives very show them in control of the attempt, as if choosing an available option. We conclude by exploring possibilities of further qualitative discourse analytic research which builds on the findings we present here.

A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sewall ◽  
Jeffrey M. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

ABSTRACTBackground: Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between-person differences--reflecting the average relationship quality across time--and within-person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N=413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e. average) and varying (i.e. recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex. Results: Poorer average relationship quality with parents (β= -0.33, 95% Bayesian Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-0.54, -0.11]) or friends (β= -0.33, 95% HDI [-0.55, -0.11]) were longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β= -0.10, 95% HDI [-0.19, -0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β= -0.06, 95% HDI [-0.15, 0.03]), were also longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents may also be associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β= -0.13, 95% HDI [-0.29, 0.03]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age. Conclusions: Among youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents that is may be a time-sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.

scholarly journals The Social Prioritization Index and Tobacco Use Among Young Adult Bar Patrons

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadra E. Lisha ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Jeffrey W. Jordan ◽  
Louisa M. Holmes ◽  
Pamela M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
The Social

Social benefits likely play a role in young adult tobacco use. The Social Prioritization Index (SPI) was developed to measure the degree to which young adults place a great importance on their social lives. We examined the usefulness of this measure as a potential predictor of tobacco use controlling for demographics and tobacco-related attitudes. Young adults completed cross-sectional surveys between 2012 and 2014 in bars in seven U.S. cities ( N = 5,503). The SPI is a 13-item scale that includes personality items and information on how frequently participants attend bars and how late they stay out. Three step-by-step multinomial regression models were run using the SPI as a predictor of smoking status (nondaily and daily smoking vs. nonsmoking): (1) SPI as the sole predictor, (2) SPI and demographics, and (3) SPI, demographics, and tobacco-related attitude variables. Next, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to examine if the number of items in SPI could be reduced and retain its strong relationship with smoking. Higher scores on the SPI were related to an increased probability of being a Nondaily Smoker (odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [1.04, 1.14], p < .001) or Daily Smoker (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [1.07, 1.22], p < .0001) compared to a Nonsmoker, controlling for demographics and other tobacco-related attitudes. The SPI and reduced SPI were independently related to young adult tobacco use. The measure’s brevity, ease of use, and strong association with tobacco use may make it useful to tobacco and other prevention researchers.

scholarly journals Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217080
Author(s):  
Ashley K Clift ◽  
Adam von Ende ◽  
Pui San Tan ◽  
Hannah M Sallis ◽  
Nicola Lindson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Analytical Approaches

BackgroundConflicting evidence has emerged regarding the relevance of smoking on risk of COVID-19 and its severity.MethodsWe undertook large-scale observational and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using UK Biobank. Most recent smoking status was determined from primary care records (70.8%) and UK Biobank questionnaire data (29.2%). COVID-19 outcomes were derived from Public Health England SARS-CoV-2 testing data, hospital admissions data, and death certificates (until 18 August 2020). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between smoking status and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalisation, and COVID-19-related death. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses using established genetic instruments for smoking initiation and smoking heaviness were undertaken (reported per SD increase).ResultsThere were 421 469 eligible participants, 1649 confirmed infections, 968 COVID-19-related hospitalisations and 444 COVID-19-related deaths. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers had higher risks of hospitalisation (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29) and mortality (smoking 1–9/day: OR 2.14, 95% CI 0.87 to 5.24; 10–19/day: OR 5.91, 95% CI 3.66 to 9.54; 20+/day: OR 6.11, 95% CI 3.59 to 10.42). In MR analyses of 281 105 White British participants, genetically predicted propensity to initiate smoking was associated with higher risks of infection (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.91) and hospitalisation (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.27). Genetically predicted higher number of cigarettes smoked per day was associated with higher risks of all outcomes (infection OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.24; hospitalisation OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.04 to 12.66; and death OR 10.02, 95% CI 2.53 to 39.72).InterpretationCongruent results from two analytical approaches support a causal effect of smoking on risk of severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Suicide in Zanjan Population

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Taremian ◽  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Seyedeh Kiana Zamani ◽  
Soghrat Faghihzadeh ◽  
Mazaher Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Background: Few studies have examined the risk factors among Iranians attempting suicide. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the risk factors of suicide among patients admitted to hospitals due to suicide attempts. Patients and Methods: Suicidal participants (N = 200, 104 males and 96 females, aged 18 to 40) were recruited via judgmental sampling method, and non-suicidal participants (n = 300, 166 males and 134 females, aged from 18 to 40) were selected via a convincing sampling method. They completed a battery of questionnaires on family strength, religious identification, substance use, hopelessness, depression, sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, impulsive aggression, neuroticism, suicidal ideation, family discord, stressful life events, and anxiety. Results: The current use of cigarettes/hookah, lifetime non-prescribed medication use, suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts/tendencies), and depression significantly predicted suicide attempts. In addition, lower levels of religious belief were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of attempting suicide. Conclusions: Suicide prevention programs should explore the efficacy of treating individuals with substance abuse disorders, depression, and suicidal thoughts/tendencies for the reduction of suicide attempts. Furthermore, family, media, and school-based programs to internalize religious values would be valuable components of prevention programs for suicide in Iran.

scholarly journals Reducing Suicidal Ideation among Turkish Migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: The Feasibility of a Randomised Controlled Trial of a Guided Online Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Eylem ◽  
Annemieke van Straten ◽  
Leonore de Wit ◽  
Shanaya Rathod ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Online Intervention ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Culturally Adapted

Abstract Background: The evidence for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions among ethnic minorities is still preliminary. This mixed methods study investigates the feasibility of a culturally adapted, guided online intervention with the intention to understand how it works and for whom to inform refinement. It also examines its likely effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation when compared with the treatment as usual. Methods: Turkish migrants with mild to moderate suicidal thoughts were recruited from the general population using social media and newspaper advertisements. The intervention group obtained direct access to a 6 weeks guided online intervention while participants in the waiting list condition had to wait for 6 weeks. The intervention is based on an existing online intervention and was culturally adapted. Participants in both conditions completed baseline, post-test, and follow up questionnaires on suicidal ideation (primary outcome), depression, worrying, hopelessness, suicide attempt and self-harm, acculturation, quality of life, and usability. In addition, participants were interviewed to examine the feasibility and mechanisms of action in more depth. The responses were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results: 85 people signed up via the study website and we included 18 (10 intervention, 8 waitlist control). While the therapeutic benefits were emphasised (e.g. feeling connected with the intervention), the feasibility was judged to be low. The main reasons given were: not having severe suicidal thoughts and not being represented by the culturally adapted intervention. No suicide attempts were recorded during the study. The suicidal ideation, depression and hopelessness scores were improved in both groups. Conclusion: Although intended to be a definitive trial, the current study became a feasibility study with process evaluation to understand the components and how they operate. The online intervention was not superior to the control condition. Future studies need to attend the implementation issues raised including measures of stigma, acculturation, careful cultural adaptations alongside more attention to coaching and relational support. They should also consider how to improve engagement alongside selection of those who are motivated to use online interventions and offer alternatives for those who are not. Trial registration: NTR5028. Registered 1 March 2015, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4926

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