The MMPI-2-Restructured Form and the Standard MMPI-2 Clinical Scales in Relation to DSM-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Jos I. M. Egger ◽  
Gina M. P. Rossi ◽  
Gitte Grundel ◽  
Jan J. L. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Rc Scales ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dutch Sample ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

In a Dutch sample of psychiatric outpatients (N = 94), we linked the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2; Butcher et al., 2001) Clinical scales and MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) Higher-Order (H-O) scales, Restructured Clinical (RC) scales and Specific Problem scales to the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) by First, Spitzer, Gibbon, and Williams (1995). Overall, the H-O scales, RC scales, and Specific Problem scales display meaningful relationships to Axis I and Axis II disorders conceptualized by the DSM-IV. In addition, the RC scales demonstrate a moderate improvement in validity over the standard Clinical scales. Theoretical and clinical implications are considered.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Keel ◽  
B. E. Wolfe ◽  
J. A. Gravener ◽  
D. C. Jimerson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Clinically Significant

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically related to PD rather than to co-morbid disorders.MethodThree groups of normal-weight women [non-eating disorder controls (n=38), with PD (n=24), and with bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging subtype (n=57)] completed structured clinical interviews and self-report assessments.ResultsBoth PD and BN were associated with significant co-morbidity and elevations on indicators of distress and impairment compared to controls. Compared to BN, PD was associated with lower rates of current and lifetime mood disorders but higher rates of current anxiety disorders. Elevated distress and impairment were maintained in PD and BN after controlling for Axis I and Axis II disorders.ConclusionsPD is associated with elevated distress and impairment and should be considered for inclusion as a provisional disorder in nosological schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to facilitate much-needed research on this clinically significant syndrome.

scholarly journals The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all ten personality disorders (PDs) classified on the DSM-IV axis II are modestly to moderately heritable. Shared environmental and nonadditive genetic factors are of minor or no importance. No sex differences have been identified, Multivariate studies suggest that the extensive comorbidity between the PDs can be explained by three common genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic factors do not reflect the DSM-IV cluster structure, but rather: i) broad vulnerability to PD pathology or negative emotionality; ii) high impulsivity/low agreeableness; and iii) introversion. Common genetic and environmental liability factors contribute to comorbidity between pairs or clusters of axis I and axis II disorders. Molecular genetic studies of PDs, mostly candidate gene association studies, indicate that genes linked to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, are involved. Future studies, using newer methods like genome-wide association, might take advantage of the use of endophenotypes.

Associations Among the MCMI-II Clinical Syndrome Scales and the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales

Assessment ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Blais ◽  
Kenneth B. Benedict ◽  
Dennis K. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Axis I

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—II (MCMI-II), a frequently used self-report measure of psychopathology, contains nine scales designed to assess Axis I psychopathology (the clinical syndrome and severe syndrome scales). This study explored the relationships among these nine MCMI-II clinical syndrome scales and the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2). A sample of 108 psychiatric inpatients was administered both the MCMI-II and the MMPI-2 within 7 days of admission. Pearson correlation coefficients and principal component factors were obtained for the MCMI-II and MMPI-2 scales. The results provided support for the convergent validity of all the MCMI-II Axis I scales. However, the majority of the MCMI-II scales failed to demonstrate adequate discriminant validity in relation to the MMPI-2 scales. The principal component analysis revealed that method variance was the principal influence in determining factor loadings for the majority of test scales. This finding suggests that these two popular self-report tests differ substantially in how they measure psychopathology.

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

Psychologists' and Social Workers' Self-Descriptions Using DSM—IV Psychopathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Tali Nachshoni ◽  
Yehuda Abramovitch ◽  
Vladimir Lerner ◽  
Miriam Assael-Amir ◽  
Moshe Kotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

There is limited information on mental health of psychologists and social workers despite their rendering mental health services, so their subjective perception of mental disorder was explored via a self-evaluation survey in which they self-diagnosed the presence of DSM-IV disorders within themselves. The sample of 128 professionals included 63 psychologists and 65 social workers. The presence of Axis I traits was reported by 81.2%, the three most frequent traits being mood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorder. Axis II traits were reported by 73.4% of subjects, the three most frequent conditions being narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality traits. While a high percentage of subjects reported the presence of either an Axis I or Axis II disorder, the average severity reported was low. More psychologists reported on mood, social phobia, and eating problems than social workers, while the latter reported more on psychotic problems. Psychologists reported more Axis II traits, especially paranoid, narcissistic, and avoidant subtypes. More women than men reported eating problems, while more men reported schizoid and avoidant personality traits. In conclusion, manifestations of subthreshold psychiatric conditions were prominently reported. These findings suggest encouraging mental health care professionals to explore treatment for problems if present.

scholarly journals The joint structure of DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders.

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Røysamb ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Kristian Tambs ◽  
Ragnhild E. Ørstavik ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axis Ii ◽  
Joint Structure ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Aetiological risk factors for personality disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
New Treatments

BackgroundElucidation of aetiological processes leading to development of Axis II disorders is important in category validation and could lead to new treatments.AimsTo establish aetiological associations between Axis II disorders and specific risk factors.MethodMale and female subjects (n=260) in maximum security hospitals and prisons were interviewed to determine DSM-III Axis II and lifetime Axis I diagnoses. Aetiological risk factors were obtained at interview and from case files. Independent statistical associations were established by logistic regression.ResultsAxis II categories were divided into four groups: (a) disorders of character development, secondary to an adverse early environment: antisocial, self-defeating and paranoid; (b) disorders of temperament, secondary to constitutional aetiology: avoidant, dependent, schizoid and schizotypal; (c) a ‘mixed’ disorder of constitutional and environmental aetiology: borderline; and (d) aetiological associations not established: narcissistic, histrionic, compulsive and passive-aggressive.ConclusionsThe study validates several Axis II categories but challenges the inclusion of others within Axis II of DSM-IV, in particular schizoid, schizotypal, avoidant and borderline personality disorders. The findings have implications for future treatment interventions.

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