scholarly journals Measuring Resilience Across Australia and Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Anyan ◽  
Odin Hjemdal ◽  
Boris Bizumic ◽  
Oddgeir Friborg
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. Resilience has become increasingly important in clinical and health psychology, but only few scales have received good psychometric ratings for assessing various outcomes of resilience. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is one of the best psychometrically rated scales and has been validated among Norwegian samples. The purpose of this study was to explore the construct validity of the RSA in an English-speaking Australian sample and test measurement invariance between the Australian sample and a Norwegian sample. An Australian sample ( N = 781) completed the RSA, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). A second sample of Norwegians ( N = 320) was included in the analyses of invariance of the RSA across cultures. There were expected negative correlations between RSA and PHQ-9, and between RSA and GAD-7, but positive correlations between RSA and SOC-13. The results indicated that the six-factor measurement model of the RSA is the same in the Australian and Norwegian samples, and respondents from the two cultures understood and interpreted the items in a comparable fashion. Support was found for the cross-cultural validity of the RSA in an English-speaking Australian sample and as a valid and reliable self-report measure of protective factors.

scholarly journals Structural, Age, and Sex Differences for a Short Form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: The IPPA-45

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross B. Wilkinson ◽  
Daphne Yun Lin Goh
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Age Range

The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) is the most widely used self-report measure of adolescent attachment relationships. This study reports the development of the IPPA-45, a short-form of the IPPA that assesses the quality of mother, father, and peer attachment relationships. A hierarchical measurement model is proposed with three lower-order factors and a higher-order factor. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using a sample of 1,025 English-speaking adolescents (387 males) aged 13 to 18 years. Results support the hierarchical factor structure, and tests of model invariance demonstrated that the measurement models were similar regardless of age or sex. Differences in mean scores were found with regard to attachment target, gender and age. Overall, the IPPA-45 is supported as a psychometrically sound measure of relationship attachment across the age-range of adolescence.

scholarly journals Constructing The Facets of Altruistic Behavior (FAB) Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Lucie Binder ◽  
Martin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Factor Measurement

Behavior is effectively altruistic to the degree that it is costly for the actor while benefiting others. In a series of preregistered studies, we constructed a 15-item self-report scale assessing three different facets of altruistic behavioral traits: help-giving, moral courage, and peer punishment. Item selection was performed with the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures as implemented in the stuart package for R. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor measurement model showed excellent fit, outperforming classical item selection procedures. The scale was structure-validated in a second sample using a multiple group model that showed full measurement and structural invariance. A pilot study shows correlations of the subscales with economic game decisions. We discuss the scale structure and potential applications.

Death Anxiety: An Empirical Test of a Blended Self Report and Projective Measurement Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Charles A. Guarnaccia ◽  
Lisa M. Radika ◽  
Heather L. Servaty
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Projective Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Three Factor

Data from a sample of 392 adults ( M age=34.3) were used to empirically establish a blended psychometric and projective measurement model of overt and covert death anxiety. Two equally plausible measurement models were derived. Based on a randomly selected sample of 196, both a two-factor model, Overt Death Anxiety-Self and Covert Death Anxiety, and a three-factor, Overt Death Anxiety-Self, Overt Death Anxiety-Other, and Covert Death Anxiety, fit the data. Data from a second randomly selected subsample of 196 adults was also consistent with a two-factor measurement model, as well as a three-factor model. On the basis of parsimony, the two-factor model of death anxiety was retained for both the development and cross validation samples. Those data substantiate a view of death anxiety which suggests that is best defined in terms of its conscious (overt) and unconscious (covert) components. These components are in varying degrees interrelated and reflect the dynamic nature of death anxiety in adulthood.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Chinese Preschool Teachers’ Implementation of Social-Emotional Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Patricia Snyder ◽  
Yuxi Qiu ◽  
Anne Corinne Huggins-Manley ◽  
Xiumin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Graded Response ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Development And Validation

We describe the development and validation of the Social-Emotional Teaching Practices Questionnaire-Chinese (SETP-C), a self-report instrument designed to gather information about Chinese preschool teachers’ implementation of social-emotional practices. Initially (study 1), 262 items for the SETP-C were generated. Content validation of these items was conducted separately with Chinese practice experts, research experts, and preschool teachers. Significant revisions were made to items based on theoretical evidence and empirical findings from initial content validation activities, which led to a 70-item version of the SETP-C. In study 2, preliminary psychometric integrity evidence and item characteristics of the SETP-C were gathered based on the data from a sample of 1,599 Chinese preschool teacher respondents. Results from confirmatory factor analyses suggested a seven-factor measurement model, and high internal consistency score reliability was documented for each dimension of the SETP-C. Results of item response theory graded response models further indicated adequate psychometric properties at the item level.

scholarly journals Constructing the Facets of Altruistic Behaviors (FAB) Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Lucie Binder ◽  
Martin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Factor Measurement

Abstract. Behavior is effectively altruistic to the degree that it is costly for the actor while benefiting others. In a series of preregistered studies, we constructed a 15-item self-report scale assessing three different facets of altruistic behavioral traits: help-giving, moral courage, and peer punishment. Item selection was performed with the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures as implemented in the stuart package for R. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor measurement model showed excellent fit, outperforming classical item selection procedures. The scale was structure-validated in a second sample using a multiple group model that showed full measurement and structural invariance. A pilot study shows correlations of the subscales with economic game decisions. We discuss the scale structure and potential applications.

The Coping Scales From the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Eschenbeck ◽  
Uwe Heim-Dreger ◽  
Denise Kerkhoff ◽  
Carl-Walter Kohlmann ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Language Version ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Coping

Abstract. The coping scales from the Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2018 ) are subscales of a theoretically based and empirically validated self-report instrument for assessing, originally in the German language, the five strategies of seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, and anger-related emotion regulation. The present study examined factorial structure, measurement invariance, and internal consistency across five different language versions: English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. The original German version was compared to each language version separately. Participants were 5,271 children and adolescents recruited from primary and secondary schools from Germany ( n = 3,177), France ( n = 329), Russia ( n = 378), the Dominican Republic ( n = 243), Ukraine ( n = 437), and several English-speaking countries such as Australia, Great Britain, Ireland, and the USA (English-speaking sample: n = 707). For the five different language versions of the SSKJ 3–8 coping questionnaire, confirmatory factor analyses showed configural as well as metric and partial scalar invariance (French) or partial metric invariance (English, Russian, Spanish, Ukrainian). Internal consistency coefficients of the coping scales were also acceptable to good. Significance of the results was discussed with special emphasis on cross-cultural research on individual differences in coping.

scholarly journals 106 Self-Reported Sleep and Resilience

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A43-A44
Author(s):  
Michelle Persich ◽  
Sara Cloonan ◽  
Michael Grandner ◽  
William Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

Abstract Introduction Psychological resilience is the ability to withstand setbacks, adapt positively to challenges, and bounce back from the adversities of life. While the construct of resilience is broadly understood, the specific individual factors that contribute to the ability to be resilient and persevere in the face of difficulties remain poorly understood. We recently showed that psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a number of factors, including fewer complaints of insomnia, and others have suggested that sleep is an important contributor. We therefore tested the hypothesis that sleep quality and acute sleep quantity would combine to predict measures of psychological resilience and perseverance (i.e. “grit”). Methods We asked 447 adults (18–40 yrs; 72% female) to report the number of hours of sleep obtained the night before their assessment session (SLEEP), and complete several questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Bartone Dispositional Resilience Scale (Hardiness), and the Grit Scale. Sleep metrics were used to predict resilience, hardiness, and grit using multiple linear regression. Results For resilience, PSQI (β=-.201, p<.00003) and SLEEP (β=.155, p<.001) each contributed uniquely to prediction of CD-RISC (R2=.08, p<.00001). Hardiness was also predicted (R2=.08, p<.00001) by a combination of PSQI (β=-.218, p<.00001) and SLEEP (β=.128, p=.007). Interestingly, worse sleep quality over the past month on the PSQI (β=.13, p=.008) in combination with more SLEEP the night before the assessment (β=.137, p=.005) each contributed uniquely to higher Grit (i.e., perseverance; R2=.03, p=.003). Conclusion Self-reported sleep quality and quantity were both independently associated with greater self-reported resilience, hardiness, and grit. While better sleep quality and more sleep the night before testing each uniquely predicted greater resilience and hardiness, a different pattern emerged for Grit. The combination of lower quality sleep over the past month followed by greater recent sleep duration was associated with increased perseverance. Whereas sleep quality appears to be more important for general resilience/hardiness, recent sleep time appears more important for the subjective perception of perseverance. Because these data are purely self-report and cross sectional, future work will need to determine the longitudinal effects on behavior. Support (if any):

388 Familial natural short sleepers have greater resilience than unaffected family members

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A154-A155
Author(s):  
Liza Ashbrook ◽  
Andrew Krystal ◽  
Ying-Hui Fu ◽  
Louis Ptáček
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Distinct Phenotype ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Restorative Sleep ◽  
Bounce Back ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Introduction Resilience, a life-long trait, corresponds to the ability to bounce back from adversity. What factors influence resilience is unclear. Here we describe a cohort of individuals with familial natural short sleep (FNSS). Four genes in five families have been identified that confer this trait, DEC2, NPSR1, GRM1 and ADRB1. Individuals in this cohort share a resilience phenotype alongside this decreased sleep need. Methods Those reporting less than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any complaints regarding overnight sleep or daytime sleepiness were then interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2020. Data on mood, depression, sleepiness and resilience were collected from participants and family members enrolled in the FNSS study. Results 163 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled. Compared to 47 unaffected family members, they had significantly shorter sleep duration as measured by self report and actigraphy, significantly more resilience as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, significantly less sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and significantly fewer symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Conclusion FNSS individuals appear to have a distinct phenotype including shorter sleep duration, greater resilience, less subjective sleepiness, and fewer symptoms of depression. Better understanding the genetics and characteristics of those with familial natural short sleep may provide insight into mechanisms of both restorative sleep and resilience. Support (if any) This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.

scholarly journals Day-to-day variability in sleep parameters and depression risk: a prospective cohort study of training physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fang ◽  
Daniel B. Forger ◽  
Elena Frank ◽  
Srijan Sen ◽  
Cathy Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Mood Variability ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sleep Parameters

AbstractWhile 24-h total sleep time (TST) is established as a critical driver of major depression, the relationships between sleep timing and regularity and mental health remain poorly characterized because most studies have relied on either self-report assessments or traditional objective sleep measurements restricted to cross-sectional time frames and small cohorts. To address this gap, we assessed sleep with a wearable device, daily mood with a smartphone application and depression through the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) over the demanding first year of physician training (internship). In 2115 interns, reduced TST (b = −0.11, p < 0.001), later bedtime (b = 0.068, p = 0.015), along with increased variability in TST (b = 0.4, p = 0.0012) and in wake time (b = 0.081, p = 0.005) were associated with more depressive symptoms. Overall, the aggregated impact of sleep variability parameters and of mean sleep parameters on PHQ-9 were similar in magnitude (both r2 = 0.01). Within individuals, increased TST (b = 0.06, p < 0.001), later wake time (b = 0.09, p < 0.001), earlier bedtime (b = − 0.07, p < 0.001), as well as lower day-to-day shifts in TST (b = −0.011, p < 0.001) and in wake time (b = −0.004, p < 0.001) were associated with improved next-day mood. Variability in sleep parameters substantially impacted mood and depression, similar in magnitude to the mean levels of sleep parameters. Interventions that target sleep consistency, along with sleep duration, hold promise to improve mental health.

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