Parasocial Interaction as More Than Friendship

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayson L. Dibble ◽  
Sarah F. Rosaen
Keyword(s):  
Parasocial Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This study supports the refinement of the concept of parasocial interaction (PSI) to apply to mediated personae that viewers might dislike. By contrast, traditional approaches have treated PSI as a sort of friendship with the mediated persona. Participants (N = 249) were randomly assigned to self-select a liked or disliked television persona. Various viewer reactions to that character were measured using two different measures of PSI. The data revealed that participants did experience PSI with disliked characters as well as liked characters, and that the two measures of PSI did not appear to assess the same construct. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Portfolios of Agile Projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Sweetman ◽  
Kieran Conboy
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Project Portfolio ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Project Level

While agile approaches can be extremely effective at a project level, they can impose significant complexity and a need for adaptiveness at the project portfolio level. While this has proven to be highly problematic, there is little research on how to manage a set of agile projects at the project portfolio level. What limited research that does exist often assumes that portfolio-level agility can be achieved by simply scaling project level agile approaches such as Scrum. This study uses a complex adaptive systems lens, focusing specifically on the properties of projects as agents in a complex adaptive portfolio to critically appraise current thinking on portfolio management in an agile context. We then draw on a set of 30 expert interviews to develop 16 complex adaptive systems (CAS)-based propositions as to how portfolios of agile projects can be managed effectively. We also outline an agenda for future research and discuss the differences between a CAS-based approach to portfolio management and traditional approaches.

Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110492
Author(s):  
James T. Hubbell ◽  
Kathleen M. Heide ◽  
Norair Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Juvenile Homicide ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Given recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings regarding the constitutionality of juveniles who received mandated life sentences, questions have arisen in the field of criminology regarding how these offenders will adjust if someday released. Risk scores were calculated for 59 male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) based upon the eight domains in the Youth Level of Supervision/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and used to examine recidivism among the 48 JHOs who were released. Sample subjects were charged as adults for murder and attempted murder in the 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relationship between risk score category and two measures of recidivism, which were general arrests and violent offenses. Results indicated risk scores failed to predict both general and violent recidivism. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Breaking through the feed barrier: options for improving forage genetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Barrett ◽  
M. J. Faville ◽  
S. N. Nichols ◽  
W. R. Simpson ◽  
G. T. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Improve Rate ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Pasture based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the foundation for production and profit in the Australasian pastoral sectors. The improvement of these species offers direct opportunities to enhance sector performance, provided there is good alignment with industry priorities as quantified by means such as the forage value index. However, the rate of forage genetic improvement must increase to sustain industry competitiveness. New forage technologies and breeding strategies that can complement and enhance traditional approaches are required to achieve this. We highlight current and future research in plant breeding, including genomic and gene technology approaches to improve rate of genetic gain. Genomic diversity is the basis of breeding and improvement. Recent advances in the range and focus of introgression from wild Trifolium species have created additional specific options to improve production and resource-use-efficiency traits. Symbiont genetic resources, especially advances in grass fungal endophytes, make a critical contribution to forage, supporting pastoral productivity, with benefits to both pastures and animals in some dairy regions. Genomic selection, now widely used in animal breeding, offers an opportunity to lift the rate of genetic gain in forages as well. Accuracy and relevance of trait data are paramount, it is essential that genomic breeding approaches be linked with robust field evaluation strategies including advanced phenotyping technologies. This requires excellent data management and integration with decision-support systems to deliver improved effectiveness from forage breeding. Novel traits being developed through genetic modification include increased energy content and potential increased biomass in ryegrass, and expression of condensed tannins in forage legumes. These examples from the wider set of research emphasise forage adaptation, yield and energy content, while covering the spectrum from exotic germplasm and symbionts through to advanced breeding strategies and gene technologies. To ensure that these opportunities are realised on farm, continuity of industry-relevant delivery of forage-improvement research is essential, as is sustained research input from the supporting pasture and plant sciences.

Untangling Neural Nets

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT DE MARCHI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER GELPI ◽  
JEFFREY D. GRYNAVISKI
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Nonparametric Approach ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Beck, King, and Zeng (2000) offer both a sweeping critique of the quantitative security studies field and a bold new direction for future research. Despite important strengths in their work, we take issue with three aspects of their research: (1) the substance of the logit model they compare to their neural network, (2) the standards they use for assessing forecasts, and (3) the theoretical and model-building implications of the nonparametric approach represented by neural networks. We replicate and extend their analysis by estimating a more complete logit model and comparing it both to a neural network and to a linear discriminant analysis. Our work reveals that neural networks do not perform substantially better than either the logit or the linear discriminant estimators. Given this result, we argue that more traditional approaches should be relied upon due to their enhanced ability to test hypotheses.

scholarly journals Negative Third-Party Reactions to Male and Female Victims of Rape: The Influence of Harm and Normativity Concerns

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Mulder ◽  
Gerd Bohner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Victim Blame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Secondary Victimization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Two Measures

Male and female victims of sexual violence frequently experience secondary victimization in the form of victim blame and other negative reactions by their social surroundings. However, it remains unclear whether these negative reactions differ from each other, and what mechanisms underlie negative reactions toward victims. In one laboratory study ( N = 132) and one online study ( N = 421), the authors assessed participants’ reactions to male and female victims, and whether different (moral) concerns underlay these reactions. The reactions addressed included positive and negative emotions, behavioral and characterological blame, explicit and implicit derogation, and two measures of distancing. It was hypothesized that male victimization would evoke different types of (negative) reactions compared with female victimization, and that normative concerns would predict a greater proportion of the variance of reactions to male victims than female victims. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to test whether reactions to male and female (non-)victims differed. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the influence of gender traditionality, homonegativity, as well as binding and individualizing moral values on participants’ reactions. Results revealed that participants consistently reacted more negatively to victims than to nonvictims, and more so to male than to female targets. Binding values were a regular predictor of negative reactions to victims, whereas they predicted positive reactions to nonvictims. The hypothesis that different mechanisms underlie reactions to male versus female victims was not supported. The discussion addresses implications of this research for interventions targeting secondary victimization and for future research investigating social reactions to victims of sexual violence. It also addresses limitations of the current research and considerations of diversity.

EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF ISSUES

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alazzaz Faisal ◽  
Andrew Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The construction industry is a high-risk commercial sector. As such, concerns regarding performance, waste, health and safety, insurance, legal/budgetary and cost compliances, and client satisfaction levels are an ongoing challenge. An increasing area of focus is human resources and, in particular, productivity. In place of traditional approaches to dealing with employee performance concerns, better job design and work systems are increasingly being seen as essential in alleviating poor employee/ independent-contractor performance. Academic research on employee empowerment in the construction industry has so far been limited and/or haphazard, despite advocates presenting it as a means to deal with worker dissatisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, poor quality work, and sabotage. This paper reviews the literature concerning the utility of employee empowerment in the construction industry, with particular emphasis on its practical benefits. The aim is to provide direction for future research and development in the construction and civil engineering fields.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Big Data Analytics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Priti Srinivas Sajja ◽  
Rajendra Akerkar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Intelligent Support ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Traditional approaches like artificial neural networks, in spite of their intelligent support such as learning from large amount of data, are not useful for big data analytics for many reasons. The chapter discusses the difficulties while analyzing big data and introduces deep learning as a solution. This chapter discusses various deep learning techniques and models for big data analytics. The chapter presents necessary fundamentals of an artificial neural network, deep learning, and big data analytics. Different deep models such as autoencoders, deep belief nets, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, reinforcement learning neural networks, multi model approach, parallelization, and cognitive computing are discussed here, with the latest research and applications. The chapter concludes with discussion on future research and application areas.

scholarly journals The Lexical Approach as Known and Utilized by Thai EFL Teachers

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dentisak Dorkchandra
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Traditional Approaches

<p>This exploratory research was conducted to investigate the knowledge and utilization of the Lexical Approach (LA) of Thai university EFL teachers in the higher educational institutes in the upper North-eastern parts of Thailand. Specifically, it explored to what extent the teachers know about the LA and utilize it in their classroom practices. The samples were 140 EFL teachers selected by convenient sampling from 9 state universities located in 8 provinces in the region. A close-ended questionnaire with a 5-point-Likert scale was used to collect the data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the teachers possessed a moderate level of knowledge about the LA and they utilized the LA in terms of exercises and activities also at a moderate level. The findings were discussed in relation to the LA being unpopular in Thailand due to some factors that might hold back the teachers' interest in utilizing the LA exercises and activities, including other traditional approaches embedded in commercial ELT books and some LA exercises and activities as time-consuming and daunting tasks. Pedagogical implications for the use of the LA in EFL classroom practices and recommendations for future research were provided.</p>

Reflexiviteit van teams: ontwikkeling van een instrument

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaéla C. Schippers ◽  
Deanne N. Den Hartog ◽  
Paul L. Koopman
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Two Measures

Team reflexivity: developing an instrument Team reflexivity: developing an instrument Michaéla C. Schippers, Deanne N. Den Hartog & Paul L. Koopman, Gedrag & Organsiatie, Volume 18, April 2005, nr. 2, pp. 83-102 Reflexivity – the extent to which teams reflect upon and modify their functioning - has been identified as an important factor in the effectiveness of work teams. In this article the results of a study among fifty-nine teams from fourteen different organizations are described. The aim was to develop a questionnaire to measure (aspects of) reflexivity. Confirmative factor analyses identified two factors of reflection: Evaluation/learning and discussing processes. Positive relationships between reflexivity and two measures of team performance were found. The implications and possible areas of future research are discussed.

Autism and Self-Determination: Factor Analysis of Two Measures of Self-Determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Chou ◽  
Michael L. Wehmeyer ◽  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Susan B. Palmer ◽  
Jaehoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Two Measures

This study examined the reliability and validity and hypothesized factor structure of two assessments of self-determination, the Arc’s Self-Determination Scale (SDS) and the American Institutes for Research Self-Determination Scale (AIR) in students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ninety-five middle and high school students (17% female and 83% male) aged 13 through 21 years participated. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted separately for the SDS and AIR data. Together, the findings of this study suggest that (a) the two measures in this study show reliability and validity in the measurement of global self-determination in students with ASD and (b) the parameter estimates and the model fit statistics support the hypothesized factor structure of both instruments (with light variation for the SDS). Suggestions for future research and implications for educators are discussed.

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