Body Compassion Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Rosa Policardo ◽  
Amanda Nerini ◽  
Cristian Di Gesto ◽  
Camilla Matera
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Compassion Scale ◽  
Body Compassion

Abstract. Background: In recent years, body image research has focused on the aspects of positive body image ( Smolak & Cash, 2011 ). This represents an important change in this area from a primary focus on negative body image to a comprehensive exploration of the body image concept. Aims: Validation of measures to help understand the positive and healthy characteristics of body image is therefore particularly important. The Body Compassion Scale (BCS; Altman, Linfield, et al., 2017 ) is a self-report scale aimed at measuring how compassionate one feels toward one’s own body. This study is a validation of BCS to confirm its factor structure and to assess its reliability and validity. Method: The 23-item scale was translated into Italian and presented to a sample of 695 Italian women. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the factor structure of the Italian version of the BCS. Results: Results were largely comparable to those obtained for the original English version of the BCS. The three-factor structure was largely replicated and expected associations with body dissatisfaction, psychological inflexibility, and psychological well-being were found. Limitations: BCS reliability was assessed only in terms of internal consistency; a longitudinal research design could be useful to assess the test-retest reliability. It would also be important for future research to study body compassion in different populations. Conclusion: This scale could be a useful measure for structured psychological interventions aimed at promoting a positive body image, but also in empirical research to obtain information on how individuals relate to their bodies.

scholarly journals Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) in a Student Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migle Baceviciene ◽  
Rasa Jankauskiene ◽  
Vaiva Balciuniene
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sociocultural Influences ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is one of the most broadly used self-report tools that assess the general role of sociocultural influences on body image and appearance-related internalization. The present study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Lithuanian version of the SATAQ-4 (LT-SATAQ-4), as a screening self-report instrument for assessing the role of sociocultural influences on body image. A mixed-gender sample (N = 1850) of undergraduate students (88.7%) and graduate students (11.3%) from different state universities and colleges participated in this study (average age 21.6 ±5.0). The students completed a self-report online questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for assessing test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the Lithuanian Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (LT-SATAQ-4) was studied performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The mean scores for the LT-SATAQ-4 subscales ranged from 1.6 ± 0.9 (Pressure subscale: Peers) to 2.7 ± 1.2 (Internalization subscale: Thin/Low Body Fat). Test-retest reliability was good to excellent for the general and subscale scores (0.85–1.00) except for the Pressure subscale: Peers (0.60). The original 5-factor structure was confirmed by EFA and CFA. Good to excellent internal consistency for each subscale (attempted 0.9 and more) and for the LT-SATAQ-4 global scale (0.91) was obtained. The LT-SATAQ-4 scores had adequate concurrent validity with the measures of the body image, disordered eating, self-esteem, and body mass index. The results support the psychometric properties of the LT-SATAQ-4 and its’ use in Lithuanian student samples. The Lithuanian SATAQ-4 is a useful measure to examine the pressures to internalize appearance ideals in Lithuanian-speaking samples of young individuals.

scholarly journals Body image in children with gender incongruence

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110007
Author(s):  
Anouk Verveen ◽  
Baudewijntje PC Kreukels ◽  
Nastasja M de Graaf ◽  
Thomas D Steensma
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Description ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: In the DSM-5 diagnosis of childhood Gender Dysphoria, two of the eight criteria focus on body satisfaction of the child. Nevertheless, this subject is understudied. This study aims to describe the body image of children with gender incongruence (GI) in relation to birth assigned sex and the intensity of GI. Method: Self-report and parent-report measures on body satisfaction and gender incongruence were obtained from 207 children (<12 years) who were referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, between 2010 and 2016. First, a general description of body satisfaction in children who took part in this study is provided. Secondly, body image of birth assigned boys and girls are compared using chi-square tests and univariate ANCOVA’s. Thirdly, the association between intensity of GI and body image is examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Of the 207 children with GI, 50% reported dissatisfaction with their gender-specific characteristics. Overall, children were less dissatisfied with their neutral body characteristics. Birth assigned girls report greater dissatisfaction with their body characteristics than birth assigned boys. Intensity of GI was significantly related to satisfaction with gender specific body characteristics where a greater intensity of GI relates to more body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Mental health practitioners should be aware of the diversity in body dissatisfaction in this group. Furthermore, evaluation of body image should be an important topic in the counseling of these children. Future research should focus on the relation of body dissatisfaction and the development of gender incongruent feelings in children with GI.

scholarly journals Vietnamese High School Students’ Perception of Body Compassion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Van Bui
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Image ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Compassion Scale ◽  
Grade 11 ◽  
Body Compassion

ABSTRACT Body compassion is primarily influenced by both the multifaceted architecture of body image and self-compassion. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the level of perception of body compassion among Vietnamese students at high school. A group of 396 Vietnamese high school students (121 males and 275 females) participated in a survey. They finished the body compassion scale, which included: Defuse, Common Humanity, Acceptance. The results found that regarding the body compassion towards research scores, the body compassion of females was found to have higher than males. Moreover, body compassion grade 11 had higher scores than grade 10 and grade 12. High school students who had gone through the research showed that Grade 12 would be interested in the Acceptance subscale. In contrast, grades 10 and 11 would be interested in defusion, and common humanity.

Focusing on the Positive

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Positive ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Body Section

This volume provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive, research-based resource that addresses the breadth of innovative theoretical concepts and related practice in positive ways of living in the body, while it also sets agendas for further expansion. This introduction first defines the core domains that represent positive ways of living in the body: positive body image and positive embodiment. Next, it provides evidence that studying these domains offers a unique perspective that extends beyond what is known about negative body image. It then explicates the points of convergence and divergence between positive body image and embodiment. It ends with an overview of the three sections of the volume: the varied constructs that represent positive ways of living in the body (Section I), environmental factors that nurture these constructs as protective factors for well-being (Section II), and interventions to cultivate positive body image and positive embodiment (Section III).

scholarly journals The Effect of Naturism on Body Image and Interoceptive Awareness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Body Therapy

Research considering the benefits of Naturism on body image recently re-emerged after decades of neglect. The present study continued prior work assessing positive body image and went further adding an instrument used to assess Eating Disorder treatment efficacy expecting to benchmark naturists with very low symptomatology scores. Self-report Interoceptive testing was also employed to consider neurological underpinnings and benefits of their exceptional resilience. 43 naturists (37 male), average age 57, and 36 controls (21 male), average age 38, British origin, participated online. Utilizing the Body Appreciation Scale 2 and The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, naturists consistently, significantly achieved higher positive, and lower negative body image scores across all measures. Naturist results on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness 2 across all dimensions were also persistently higher than controls. Naturist results confirm their position as a unique population demonstrating exceptionally high negative body image resilience, this coupled with potential advantageous neurological benefits that with further investigation could lead to naturism becoming a proactive mind-body therapy to help prevent eating disorders. Comprehensive future philosophical, phenomenological and longitudinal research options were also put forward.

Promoting a Resistant Stance Toward Media Images

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Janet M. Liechty
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Objectification Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory

Mass media images both reflect and transmit sociocultural norms and stereotypes about the body, such as appearance standards;, and skills of resistance are needed to counteract adverse effects. This chapter summarizes key findings on media exposure in children and youth, effects on body image, and resistance to those effects. It also explores the role of positive body image and embodiment and the emerging role of positive emotions and rest in strengthening capacity for resilience. The construct resilience and the metaphor resistance are discussed in light of the need to replace body-objectifying cognitive schemas with new body-protective schemas, metaphors, and constructs better aligned with positive embodiment and flourishing. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and objectification theory are used as frameworks to discuss connections between resistance and resilience toward harmful media images and messages, positive emotions, and positive body image and embodiment. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Nature Exposure and Positive Body Image: A Cross–Sectional Study Examining the Mediating Roles of Physical Activity, Autonomous Motivation, Connectedness to Nature, and Perceived Restorativeness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12246
Author(s):  
Migle Baceviciene ◽  
Rasa Jankauskiene ◽  
Viren Swami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Connectedness To Nature

Research shows that nature exposure is directly and indirectly associated with more positive body image, which is an important facet of well-being more generally. In this study, we tested the mediating roles of physical activity in nature, perceived restoration in nature, autonomous motivation, and connectedness to nature in explaining the association between nature exposure and positive body image. An online sample of 924 Lithuanian adults (age M = 40.0 years, 73.6% women) completed a survey that included the Nature Exposure (NE) Scale, the Body Appreciation Scale-2, a measure of frequency of physical activity in nature (PAN), the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, the Restoration Outcome Scale, and the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Path analysis was conducted to examine hypothesized direct and indirect effects. Results showed that both greater NE (B = 0.564, SE = 0.057, p < 0.001) and autonomy in exercise motivation (B = 0.039, SE = 0.006, p < 0.001) were associated with more frequent PAN. Direct effects from exercise autonomy to nature restorativeness (B = 0.017, SE = 0.006, p = 0.004) and body appreciation (B = 0.041, SE = 0.004, p < 0.001) were observed. Associations were also found between connectedness to nature and body appreciation (B = 0.166, SE = 0.040, p < 0.001), nature restorativeness and body appreciation (B = 0.075, SE = 0.019, p < 0.001), and frequency of PAN and body appreciation (B = 0.064, SE = 0.019, p < 0.001). PAN mediated the relationship between NE and body appreciation. The final model was invariant across place of residence (urban vs. rural) and gender. Including self-determined physical activity in nature may increase the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at promoting more positive body image.

scholarly journals Screening Using the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale: An Analog Test of Three Cutoff Values

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Analog Test ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

This brief report presents an analog test of the relative classification validity of three cutoff values (CVs; 16, 18, and 20) derived from responses to the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Total Difficulties Scale. Results from Bayesian t-tests, using several school-specific subjective well-being indicators as dependent variables, yielded evidence suggesting all CV models effectively differentiated between students with lower and higher levels of risk. Evidence also indicated that the lowest CV (16) was more effective than the higher CVs (18, 20) at identifying students with greater levels of risk, and that the higher CVs functioned comparably well. Implications for future research and practice are noted.

scholarly journals Body Image in Athletes and Nonathletes With Low Back Pain: Avoidance–Endurance-Related Subgroups and Sports Status Play a Role

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Claudia G. Levenig ◽  
Michael Kellmann ◽  
Jens Kleinert ◽  
Johanna Belz ◽  
Tobias Hesselmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Pain Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pain Responses

Context: Low back pain (LBP) is a serious health problem, both in the general population as well as in athletes. Research has shown that psychosocial aspects, such as dysfunctional pain responses, play a significant role in the chronification of LBP. Recent research supports the relevance of the multidisciplinary concept of body image in the interpretation of LBP. Objective: To examine the differences in 2 psychosocial aspects, body image and pain responses, between athletes and nonathletes with LBP. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: The questionnaires were distributed in the course of LBP treatment. Participants: Data from 163 athletes (mean age = 28.69 [9.6] y) and 75 nonathletes (mean age = 39.34 [12.63] y) were collected. Interventions: Data were collected by questionnaires assessing body image, pain behavior, training activity, and LBP. Main Outcome Measures: To examine group differences between athletes and nonathletes regarding body image and pain behavior, the authors performed 2-way analyses of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: The results showed (1) a significant main effect regarding pain responses and body image, showing that participants with eustress endurance or adaptive pain behavior revealed a more positive body image in both groups compared with participants with distress endurance or fear-avoidance behavior, and (2) a significant main effect for the factor group in the body image dimension of physical efficacy, indicating a more positive body image for athletes. Conclusion: These results suggest that considering multiple risk factors for LBP, such as body image and dysfunctional pain behavior, as well as subgrouping, might be valuable for research and for broadening therapy options.

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