Endophytic Neotyphodium lolii induced tolerance to Zn stress in Lolium perenne

2001 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Monnet ◽  
Nathalie Vaillant ◽  
Adnane Hitmi ◽  
Alain Coudret ◽  
Huguette Sallanon
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Induced Tolerance ◽  
Zn Stress

scholarly journals Occurrence of Neotyphodium endophytes in perennial ryegreass (lolium perenne) and gescue (Festuca spp.), and characterisation of selected isolates with respect to toxin production, drought and insect resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Prathap Kumar Halady Shetty ◽  
Anne Mette Dahl Jensen ◽  
Niels Roulund ◽  
Birte Boelt
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii

Neotyphodium endophytes infect the natural grass populations of Lolium perenne and Festuca sp. L. perenne samples were collected from 62 different locations in Denmark and were analysed for the presence of Neotyphodium lolii.

scholarly journals Determination of the toxic threshold of lolitrem B in cattle eating endophye-infected perennial ryegrass

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
L. Blythe ◽  
C. Estill ◽  
J. Males ◽  
A.M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Lolitrem B

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) straw is used as a feed for livestock and horses. Some straw is infected with the endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, which produces lolitrem tremorgens. Ingesting of the toxin produces clinical "ryegrass staggers." A 28 day feeding trail was conducted using 61 Black Angus, pure and crossbred cattle. The cattle were fed one of three levels of lolitrem B in chopped perennial ryegrass straw ranging from 0 ppb up to 3058 ppb. Four Japanese Wagyu crossbred cattle were fed chopped ryegrass straw containing 1400 ppb lolitrem B. The cattle were evaluated and scored twice a day for clinical signs of gait difficulties. Cattle consuming 1400 ppb lolitrem B did not show any overt clinical signs. After 14 days, 7 out of 15 cattle in the 1954 ppb lolitrem B group showed clinical signs of ataxia, stiffness, and tremors as seen in ryegrass staggers. All of the cattle in the positive control group of up to 3058 ppb lolitrem B with a 4 week mean of 2574 ppb developed clinical signs of staggers. None of the Wagyu cattle at 1400 ppb lolitrem B developed clinical signs. A dose response curve was developed based on the results of this study coupled with a prior study for use in the testing laboratory. Keywords: lolitrem B, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, endophyte fungus, Neotyphodium lolii, cattle, threshold levels

scholarly journals joint analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to probe ryegrass-endophyte symbiosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
M. Cao ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
R. Johnson ◽  
A. Koulman ◽  
G.A. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Analyse Data

Fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) produce a range of bioactive alkaloids which are implicated in both toxicity to grazing animals and resistance to insects. The understanding of regulatory and biochemical mechanisms of the symbiosis will provide clues for the genetic manipulation of beneficial alkaloid production. This paper presents approaches to analyse data from high-throughput microarray experiments and targeted metabolomic analyses. Combined with bioinformatics analyses, potential genes were found associated with the accumulation of alkaloids and other metabolites. The advantages and limitations of our approach to address the molecular mechanisms of the symbiosis will be discussed. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, metabolomics, microarray

scholarly journals Survival of endophyte-infected ryegrass seed buried in soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
D.E. Hume ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.B. Baird ◽  
W.J. Archie ◽  
M.R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year

Emergence of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from seed buried in soil may contribute to the ingress of ryegrass in newly sown pastures. To investigate this, ryegrass seed infected with fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was buried in nylon bags under pasture at two depths and at two sites (Palmerston North, Lincoln) in early/mid-autumn 1998. Seed bags were removed from the soil at intervals over the course of one year to determine seed viability and presence of endophyte in seedlings. Viability of seed declined rapidly to be 10% 3 months after burial. Further decline in viability was less, so that 12 months after burial 4% of seeds were still viable. Endophyte viability also declined, from 58% infection of seedlings at the time of burial to 21% at 12 months. This was at a slower rate than the decline in seed viability and from what might have been predicted from seed storage experiments. Viability of seed buried at 10 cm was greater than that buried at 3 cm (e.g., means, 10% and 1% after 6 months, respectively). This has implications for cultivation practices before pasture establishment. Seed buried at Lincoln maintained higher viability than seed buried at Palmerston North (e.g., means, 6% and 4% after 6 months, respectively), which was associated with drier soil conditions at Lincoln. Survival of buried seed may therefore be of greater importance in summer-dry east coast regions, compared with moist west coast environments or in wet years. The significance of buried ryegrass seed will depend on the numbers involved, but after 12 months there were still viable seeds left in the soil and some of these were infected with endophyte. This is important for pastures sown with ryegrass that is free of endophyte or infected with a selected endophyte, and for slower establishing grass species such as tall fescue. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival

scholarly journals Progress in breeding sheep for resistance to ryegrass staggers

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 431-431
Author(s):  
C.A. Morris ◽  
N.C. Amyes
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
Clinical Cases

Ryegrass Staggers (RGS) is predominantly a summer/autumn metabolic disorder of ruminants, caused by ingestion of the toxin lolitrem B. The toxin is produced by an endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) found in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). In clinical cases of RGS, animals experience neuromuscular uncoordination when under stress, e.g. when mustered by sheep dogs. Experiments with a standardised RGS scoring system show that resistance/susceptibility in sheep has a moderate/high heritability (0.37 ± 0.05). An AgResearch flock was established in 1993, with two lines bred for resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to RGS. Annually, lambs are scored for susceptibility, when both lines graze together on high endophyte pastures, and are mustered by sheep dogs. In 2005 and 2006, 2% and 6.5% of R-line lambs, respectively, showed clinical staggers, compared with 94% and 91% of S-line lambs (P

scholarly journals Establishment of ryegrass pastures containing a novel endophyte

2001 ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
S.J. Bluett ◽  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
D.E. Hume ◽  
B.A. Tapper ◽  
E.R. Thom
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Lolitrem B

An experiment was conducted at Dexcel, Hamilton from September 1999 to April 2001 to evaluate how pre-sowing pasture management and establishment method influenced the contamination of a newly sown AR1 endophyte-infected ryegrass dairy pasture with ryegrass infected with the wild endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii). Contamination level was estimated by counting the number of volunteer ryegrass plants between drill rows and by analysing bulk ryegrass samples for lolitrem B concentration. Hay, silage, grazed, grazed/topped and a turnip crop as pre-sowing managements generated large differences in viable ryegrass seed density (2555, 747, 348, 391 and 25 seeds/m2, respectively) on the soil surface after natural reseeding in March 2000. Measurements on 20 November 2000 showed the spray/cultivation and double-spray/fallow establishment methods were effective in reducing contamination with volunteer ryegrass plants (8 and 34 plants/m2, respectively), in contrast to drilling AR1 endophyte- infected ryegrass seed into hard-grazed existing pasture (581 plants/m2). On 14 March 2001, lolitrem B levels were lower in the spray/ cultivated and double-spray/fallow treatments compared to the hard-grazed treatment (0.3, 0.5, 1.1 μg/g, respectively). Information is also presented on sown plant density of AR1 endophyteinfected ryegrass. Keywords: AR1 endophyte, cultivation, glyphosate, Lolium perenne, natural reseeding, Neotyphodium lolii

scholarly journals Development of an Affymetrux dual species ( Neotyphodium lolii/Lolium perenne) Symbiosis GeneChip

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 505-507
Author(s):  
C.R. Voisey ◽  
A.K. Khan ◽  
Z.A. Park ◽  
L.J. Johnson ◽  
R.D. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Per Gene

The aim of this project was to undertake large scale transcript profiling of endophyte and plant genes during symbiosis, and to determine the impact of targeted endophyte gene deletions on expression of plant and endophyte genes. We have designed and developed an Affymetrix NimbleExpress™ GeneChip® representing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii Lp19 and its ryegrass host, Lolium perenne. In total, 8511 genes were represented on the microarrays with approximately eleven 25 base pair oligonucleotides per gene. Experiments were conducted to analyse differential expression of genes from endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plant material, and from endophytes grown in culture. In some symbioses, endophytes had targeted mutations in genes involved in signalling, synthesis of secondary metabolites or in genes of unknown function. Here we describe the processes which guided design of the GeneChip®, the results of quality control assessments of hybridised arrays and considerations concerning statistical analyses of gene expression. Keywords: Affymetrix, GeneChip®, NimbleExpress, Neotyphodium lolii, Epichloë festucae, ryegrass, Lolium perenne, endophyte, symbiosis.

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