The Pop Culture of Sex: An Evolutionary Window on the Worlds of Pornography and Romance

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Salmon

Pornography and romance, at first glance they seem to be two genres that are almost polar opposites. Yet both are the products of our evolved human sexuality and both have been the subjects of a variety of authors and researchers. Particularly in the case of pornography, some have argued strongly against its very existence, charging it, its creators and consumers with many of the evils in the world (real and imagined). In the case of romance, many have been derogatory and dismissive of the writers' skills and the readers' minds. In this article, I hope to introduce a different approach to these genres, through an evolutionary lens that serves to illuminate the way in which our sexual natures combined with modern technology to create such widespread distribution and sales. Romance and pornography are both multibillion dollar industries, and their stark contrasts reflect the deep divide at the heart of male and female erotic fantasies. These differences reflect the fact that the selection pressures males and females faced in the reproductive realm over human evolutionary history were not identical.

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Konstantina Avdikou ◽  
Charalampos Stefanatos ◽  
Marianna Tsatali ◽  
Mairy Gouva ◽  
Magda Tsolaki

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between male and female caregivers for patients with dementia in the way they experience various psychosocial parameters such as shame, hostility, and aggression. The sample included 55 caregivers of patients with moderate and severe dementia, whereas the average age was 51 years. Female caregivers were found to experience significantly higher levels of external shame, measured by Other As Shamer scale, than male caregivers, t (53) = 2.54, P < .01. A significant difference was also found between the female and male caregivers regarding their recorded levels of internal shame, measured by Experience of Shame Scale, with female caregivers experiencing more internal shame than their male counterparts, t (53) = 2.11, P < .01. However, no significant differences were found in hostility and aggression between males and females. These results demonstrate the existence of gender differences in the levels of shame experienced by care providers for patients with dementia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megawati Sinaga ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Rahmad Husein

The Objectives of this paper are to describe the realization of language styles used by male and female teacher and the reasons of the using those language styles. The subjects were the teachers of SMP Negeri Pancur batu, they were four English teachers, consits of two male teachers and two female teachers. It was qualitative explanative research designs. The researcher observed the teachers while teaching in order to get the teachers language styles taking place during their teaching in the classroom related to the theory of Tannen, who divides the way of communication into six categories; pairs a contrasting use of language by males and females, they are: status versus support, independence versus intimacy, advice versus understanding, information versus feeling, orders versus proposal and conflict versus compromise. .The results of the data analysis showed that the. The language styles of the male and female teacher were different in the way of communication. The realization of language styles by the teachers’ way of speaking  mostly occur in male teachers’ is orders which is 13 utterances (38.2%), then followed by advice which is 11 utterances (32.4%), then continued by information 6 utterences (20,6%) and then conflict 2 utterances (5,9%) and the last is status 1 utterances (2.9%). Female teachers’ way in communication was mostly realized by orders  which is 10 utterances (29.4%), then followed by feeling which is 8 utterances (23.5%), and then continued by understanding which is 7 utternces (20.6%), and then support which is 5 utterances (14.7%), and the last is proposal which is 4 utterances (11.8%). Besides, it can be seen that eventhough Tannen (1992) suggested the orders were categorized for male way’s of speaking , but based on this study, orders were found in the female teachers’ way of speaking. There were 29.4% the utterances realized by orders although that criteria is not classified to female. In fact, those way of speaking were the most used in the female teachers. According to the male and female teachers all the ways of communication are expressed to encourage the students to reach the lesson competencies well.Keywords:English Teachers, Language Styles, Way of communication,                                                       


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-302
Author(s):  
Raswan Raswan

Abstract This study aims to analyze the differences between male and female dialects in Arabic. The results obtained were the differences in both, that men tended to speak in high tones, rather sharp voices , to the point, clear, responsive and not afraid to argue and give rebuttal to things that are less suitable for him. Women's voices are sharper and higher (shrill), more clearly in pronunciation, more ambitious to pronounce vocabulary and sentences correctly than In addition, usually, women use a number of vocabulary words that are not used by men, for example, women use a large number of colors, such as muf, tarkawaz, bij, zuhri and bunai which are typical for women and are rarely used by men and men have a distinctive color for men, furthermore male language shows more power ratio while female language reveals the power of race more Sounds (women usually change the sound of letters into other letters that are typical of women), the selection and use of words, the use of the form of the sentence, the form of sentences and the way of delivering the language itself (pragmatic) that is reflected in the use of language limb cues. There is a language that is typical of women and there are men, if it is used not by the right sex it will cause ridicule for others. But of course there are also those who say that what is meant by men is not sex but what in psychological terms is known as a masculine name. Instead the woman in question is feminine. So that difference always arises, and that femininity always gets a position below compared to masculine is almost a fact that occurs in all languages in the world even in countries that adhere to a parental system even like America and Europe. The differences that occur are caused by biological, sociological and cultural factors which overshadow the existence of the language. In learning it is recommended to pay attention to aspects of male and female dialects. Keywords: dialect, language, male, female. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan antara dialek laki -laki dan perempuan dalam berbahasa Arab. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa perbedaan pada keduanya, bahwa laki-laki cenderung berbicara dengan nada yang tinggi, suara yang agak tajam, to the point, jelas, cepat tanggap dan tidak takut mendebat serta memberikan sanggahan atas hal-hal yang kurang pas baginya. Suara perempuan lebih tajam dan lebih tinggi (melengking), lebih jelas dalam pelafalannya, lebih berambisi melafalkan dengan benar kosakata dan kalimat dari pada laki -laki. Di samping itu, biasanya, perempuan menggunakan beberapa kosakata yang tidak dipakai oleh laki-laki. Antara lain, perempuan menggunakan sejumlah besar warna, seperti muf, tarkawaz, bij, zuhri dan bunai yang khas untuk wanita dan jarang dipakai oleh laki-laki dan laki-laki memiliki warna yang khas juga untuk laki-laki. Selanjutnya bahasa laki-laki lebih menunjukan kekuatan rasio sementara bahasa perempuan lebih mengungkap kekuatan rasa. Bentuk suara (perempuan biasa merubah suara huruf menjadi huruf lain khas perempuan), pemilihan dan pemakaian kata, pemakaian bentuk panggilan, bentuk kalimat dan makna serta cara penyampaian bahasa itu sendiri (pragmatis) yang tercermin dalam kehati-hatian dalam berbahasa bahkan dalam penggunaan isyarat anggota tubuh. Ada bahasa yang khas perempuan dan ada laki-laki, jika dipakai bukan oleh jenis kelamin yang tepat maka akan menimbulkan olok-olok orang lain. Namun tentunya ada juga yang mengatakan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan laki-laki bukan jenis kelamin melainkan apa yang dalam istilah psikologi dikenal dengan nama maskulin. Sebaliknya wanita yang dimaksud adalah feminim. Jadi perbedaan itu selalu muncul, dan bahwa feminim selalu mendapatkan posisi di bawah dibandingkan dengan maskulin adalah hampir merupakan fakta yang terjadi di semua bahasa di dunia bahkan di negara yang menganut sistem parental sekalipun seperti Amerika dan Eropa. Perbedaan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh faktor biologis, sosiologis dan budaya yang menaungi keberadaan bahasa tersebut. Dalam pembelajaran disarankan memperhatikan aspek dialek laki-laki dan perempuan. Kata Kunci: dialek, bahasa, laki-laki, perempuan.


Author(s):  
Carol McPeak Brinjak

In the 21st Century, the specter of catastrophic war is more threatening than ever, and yet the prospect of reducing animosity is closer to being within our reach. The causes of strife are based mostly on fear and ignorance, and education is the key to erasing these two maladies. As modern technology brings the human community closer together, it is now possible to educate all people across the globe. The focus of educators' attention must be: a) to see each member of humanity as a spiritual being; b) to recognize and emulate the purveyors of virtue; and c) to face head-on the dangerous people who stand in the way of a more God-centered universe. This chapter will explore each of these three areas from an individual perspective, as well as on a national level, and finally onto the world stage.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Bahador Sadeghi ◽  
Golrokh Maleki

Textbooks are important parts of all educational systems nowadays, which can make people ready for globalization and new concepts emerging through it. These individuals need to be given the chance of feeling as successful and important, in a world which is neither blue nor pink. Equality can pave the way to a better world, and the study of the representation of male and female social actors in textbooks can lead to elimination of inequality from textbooks and societies. This study is an attempt to analyze the representation of males and females at the ILI English Series. The dialogues examined critically through Van Leeuwen’s framework (1996, 2008), and they proved to be gender-biased. These series depict a men-without-women world in which females are waiting for a chance to ‘be’, ‘be seen’ and ‘be heard’. (140)


2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Paul Mazey

This article considers how pre-existing music has been employed in British cinema, paying particular attention to the diegetic/nondiegetic boundary and notions of restraint. It explores the significance of the distinction between diegetic music, which exists in the world of the narrative, and nondiegetic music, which does not. It analyses the use of pre-existing operatic music in two British films of the same era and genre: Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), and demonstrates how seemingly subtle variations in the way music is used in these films produce markedly different effects. Specifically, it investigates the meaning of the music in its original context and finds that only when this bears a narrative relevance to the film does it cross from the diegetic to the nondiegetic plane. This reveals that whereas music restricted to the diegetic plane may express the outward projection of the characters' emotions, music also heard on the nondiegetic track may reveal a deeper truth about their feelings. In this way, the meaning of the music varies depending upon how it is used. While these two films may differ in whether or not their pre-existing music occupies a nondiegetic or diegetic position in relation to the narrative, both are characteristic of this era of British film-making in using music in an understated manner which expresses a sense of emotional restraint and which marks the films with a particularly British inflection.


The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.


1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.


Author(s):  
Adrián Bertorello

RESUMENEl trabajo examina críticamente la afirmación central de la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, a saber, que el soporte material de la escritura es el rasgo determinante para que una secuencia discursiva sea considerada como un texto. La escritura cancela las condiciones fácticas de la enunciación y crea, de este modo, un ámbito de sentido estable en el que se puede validar una concepción de la subjetividad que está implicada en las dos estrategias de lecturas (el análisis estructural y la apropiación), esto es, un sujeto pasivo que se constituye por la idealidad del significado. Asimismo, el trabajo intentará precisar una serie de ambigüedades en el uso que Ricoeur hace del «ser en el mundo» para sostener la referencialidad del discurso.PALABRAS CLAVETEXTO, ESCRITURA, REFERENCIA, SUBJETIVIDAD, MUNDOABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the main assertion of Paul Ricoeur´s hermeneutics, i.e., that the material base of writing is the determining feature to consider a discursive sequence as a text. Writing cancels the factual conditions of enunciation and creates, in this way, a background of stable meaning where it is possible to validate a conception of subjectivity implicated in the two reading strategies (the structural analysis and the appropriation), i.e., a passive subject constituted by the ideality of meaning. Likewise, this paper aims to clarify some ambiguities in the way Ricoeur uses the «beings in the world» to support the discourse referentiality.KEY WORDSTEXT, WRITING, REFERENCE, SUBJECTIVITY, WORLD


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