Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial of a preventive intervention for divorced families: Effects on mental health and substance use outcomes in young adulthood.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. and Canada. Methods: The following databases were used: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis used odds ratios as the pooled measure of effect. Results: A total of 3656 studies were screened and 36 were selected. Pooled results showed a positive association between depression and use of alcohol (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.83), cannabis (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51), and tobacco (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.43–1.92). Significant associations were also found between anxiety and use of alcohol (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19–2.00), cannabis (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), and tobacco (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.54–3.17). A bidirectional relationship was observed with tobacco use at baseline leading to depression at follow-up (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.23–2.85) and depression at baseline leading to tobacco use at follow-up (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.09–1.37). A unidirectional relationship was also observed with cannabis use leading to depression (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.19–1.49). Conclusion: This study offers insights into the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults. Our findings can help guide key stakeholders in making recommendations for interventions, policy and programming.

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A Cognitive Development Chart for School-age Children and Adolescents

10.1101/19012963 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

André R. Simioni ◽

Daniel S. Pine ◽

João R. Sato ◽

Pedro M. Pan ◽

Rochele Paz Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

High Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Predictive Utility

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and predictive utility of a time-efficient cognitive development chart that seeks to identify children and adolescents with high-risk for multiple outcomes such as mental health problems, substance use, and educational difficulties.MethodWe analyzed data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Psychiatric Disorders (HRC), a longitudinal school-based study conducted from 2010-2011 to 2013-2014. Participants were 2,239 children and adolescents, 6 to 17 years of age, who completed the cognitive assessment at baseline. The task used to track cognitive development was the Two Choice Reaction Time task (<3 minutes of duration, computer-based), which assesses the accuracy and speed of perceptual decision-making. Mental health, substance use, and educational outcomes were assessed by validated standardized methods. Key variables were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up. The predictive utility was assessed using static (deviations from the age-expected performance at baseline) and dynamic (deviations from the age-expected change in performance over time) indicators.ResultsThe reliability of the task parameter was high (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.8). Static indicators of cognitive development significantly predicted concurrent mental, intellectual and educational difficulties, as well as incident and persistent educational difficulties and substance use in the 3-year follow-up. Dynamic indicators predicted persistent mental health problems.ConclusionPrimary-care and mental health professionals need a time-efficient tool for tracking deviations from age-expected cognitive development, which predicts multiple unwanted outcomes at the same time. If replicated, future results could support the generation of tools for tracking risk for mental health, substance use, and educational difficulties.

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Nurse Home Visiting and Maternal Mental Health: 3-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2020-025361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 147 (2) ◽

pp. e2020025361

Author(s):

Sharon Goldfeld ◽

Hannah Bryson ◽

Fiona Mensah ◽

Lisa Gold ◽

Francesca Orsini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Home Visiting ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Nurse Home ◽

Nurse Home Visiting

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Classification of offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use using the Addiction Severity Index version 6: analysis of three-year follow-up data and predictive validity

Mental Health and Substance Use ◽

10.1080/17523281.2014.891640 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 431-445

Author(s):

Charlotte Alm ◽

Åsa Eriksson ◽

Natalie Durbeej ◽

Tom Palmstierna ◽

Anne H. Berman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Severity Index ◽

Addiction Severity Index ◽

Addiction Severity ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance

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Spry_VIHCS Study design_Preprint

10.31234/osf.io/7bfjh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liz Spry

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Parental Mental Health ◽

School Students ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽

One Year

Background: There is increasing evidence that parental determinants of offspring early life development begin well before pregnancy. Objectives: We established the Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS) to examine the contributions of parental mental health, substance use and socioeconomic characteristics before pregnancy to child emotional, physical, social, and cognitive development. Population: Men and women were recruited from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort (VAHCS), an existing cohort study beginning in 1992 that assessed a representative sample of 1943 secondary school students in Victoria, Australia, repeatedly from adolescence (Wave 1, mean age 14 years) to adulthood (Wave 10, mean age 35 years). Methods: VAHCS participants with children born between 2006 and 2013 were recruited to VIHCS, and invited to participate during trimester three, at 2 months postpartum, and one year postpartum. Parental mental health, substance use and socioeconomic characteristics were assessed repeatedly throughout; infant characteristics were assessed postnatally and in infancy. Data will be supplemented by linkage to routine datasets. A further follow-up is underway as children reach eight years of age.Preliminary results: Of the 1307 infants born to VAHCS participants between 2006 and 2013, 1030 were recruited to VIHCS. At VIHCS study entry, 18% of recruited parents had preconception common mental disorder in adolescence and young adulthood, 18% smoked daily in adolescence and young adulthood, and 6% had not completed high school. Half of VIHCS infants were female (48%), 4% were from multiple births, and 7% were preterm (<37 weeks gestation). Conclusions: VIHCS is a prospective cohort of 1030 children with up to nine waves of preconception parental data, and three waves of perinatal parental and infant data. These will allow examination of continuities of parental health and health risks from the decades before pregnancy to offspring childhood, and the contributions of exposures before pregnancy to offspring outcomes in childhood.

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Does exposure to parental substance use disorders increase offspring risk for a substance use disorder? A longitudinal follow-up study into young adulthood

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amy M. Yule ◽

Timothy E. Wilens ◽

MaryKate Martelon ◽

Lindsay Rosenthal ◽

Joseph Biederman

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Parental Substance Use

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Rehospitalization risk factors for mental health and substance use in Northern British Columbia

10.24124/2020/59106 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

James Campbell

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

British Columbia ◽

Substance Use ◽

Cultural Identity ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Resource Planning ◽

Wait Times

Mental health and substance use (MH&SU) rehospitalization rates are used as indicators of treatment quality, to reduce costs, and measure efficacy. Research on this topic in rural Canadian hospitals and communities is lacking. This study used secondary data on 5159 patients (age 15 and older) hospitalized with International Classification of Disease (ICD) F code MH&SU diagnosis. These patients had 9103 admissions to 18 hospitals in Northern British Columbia during a five-year period, April 1st, 2010 through March 31st, 2015. ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc tests were used to examine associations of two performance measures with five patient factors; community size, Indigenous culture, relationship status, employment status, and ICD F code diagnoses. The first measure was number of hospital readmissions. Of the 5159 patients with 9103 admissions, 3482 (67.6%) had one hospital admission during the five-year period. The remaining 1677 (32.4%) patients had 3944 (43.3%) of the hospitalizations). Patients whose cultural identity was Indigenous had over-representation and increased readmissions. Patients who were single and never in a relationship had increased hospitalizations. Patients whose ICD F coding for schizophrenia or psychosis had increased hospitalizations. The second measure was wait time for community MH&SU follow-up. Of the 5159 patients, 4512 (87.5%) had contact with community MH&SU during the five-years. Urban communities with specialized MH&SU services had reduced wait times for follow up. Patients whose cultural identity was Indigenous had longer wait times for community MH&SU follow-up. Patients who were divorced or separated had longer wait times. Patients with ICD F coding for schizophrenia or psychosis had shorter wait times for follow-up. The relationship between hospital readmission and community MH&SU follow-up was examined using logistic regression with the five factors. An inverse relationship was found between the two performance measures. Patients who did not have community MH&SU follow-up within 30 days had reduced odds ratio of readmissions, whereas patients who had follow-up within 30 days had increased odds ratio for readmissions. Although the study finds support for patient risk factors, evidence suggests approaches like a Decision Support Tool (DST) might provide reliability for intervention, and resource planning, as well as timely intervention.

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Effects of an automated digital brief prevention intervention targeting adolescents and young adults with risky alcohol and other substance use: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e034894

Author(s):

Pia Kvillemo ◽

Anna K Strandberg ◽

Johanna Gripenberg ◽

Anne H Berman ◽

Charlotte Skoglund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionAdolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when individuals may be especially vulnerable to harmful substance use. Several critical developmental processes are occurring in the brain, and substance use poses both short-term and long-term risks with regard to mental health and social development. From a public health perspective, it is important to prevent or delay substance use to reduce individual risk and societal costs. Given the scarcity of effective interventions targeting substance use among adolescents and young adults, cost-effective and easily disseminated interventions are warranted. The current study will test the effectiveness of a fully automated digital brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol and other substance use in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years.Methods and analysisA two-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled trial design is applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Baseline assessment, as well as 3-month and 6-month follow-up, will be carried out. The aim is to include 800 participants with risky substance use based on the screening tool CRAFFT (Car,Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble). Recruitment, informed consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up will be implemented online. The primary outcome is reduction in alcohol use, measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total score. Secondary outcomes concern binge drinking, frequency of alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol consumed a typical day when alcohol is consumed, average daily drinks per typical week, other substance use, mental health, sexual risk behaviours and perceived peer pressure. Moreover, the study involves analyses of potential moderators including perfectionism, openness to parents, help-seeking and background variables.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (no. 2019–03249). The trial is expected to expand the knowledge on digital preventive interventions for substance using adolescents and young adults. Results will be disseminated in research journals, at conferences and via the media.Trial registration number24 September 2019, ISRCTN91048246; Pre-results.

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