scholarly journals Sex differences in negative affect and lapse behavior during acute tobacco abstinence: A laboratory study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raina D. Pang ◽  
Adam M. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Lapse Behavior

scholarly journals The Role of Emotional Regulation and Affective Balance on Health Perception in Cardiovascular Disease Patients According to Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3165
Author(s):  
Bárbara Luque ◽  
Rosario Castillo-Mayén ◽  
Esther Cuadrado ◽  
Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo ◽  
Sebastián J. Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Affective Balance

One of the challenges of aging is the increase of people with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Men and women experience the disease differently. Therefore, it has an impact on how CVD is treated and its outcomes. This research analyzed the relationship between psychosocial variables and health promotion among cardiovascular patients, paying special attention to sex differences. A longitudinal study with cardiovascular patients (747 in phase 1 (122 women) and 586 in phase 2 (83 women)) was carried out. Participants were evaluated based on their sociodemographic characteristics, affective balance, regulatory negative affect self-efficacy, stress and anxiety regulation strategies, and perceived global health. Results showed that men presented significantly higher scores in positive affect, affective balance, and self-efficacy to regulate negative emotions, while women presented significantly higher scores in negative affect and the use of passive strategies to cope with stressful situations. Regression analyses showed that all psychological variables studied in phase 1 were significant predictors of health perception in phase 2. According to the results, it is necessary to include strategies to improve cardiovascular health through education and emotional regulation, with a gender focus.

Sex Differences in Humor

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Myers ◽  
Barbara Lorene Ropog ◽  
R. Pierre Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Southern University

This study examined how 48 men and 88 women at a small southern university differed in their orientation toward and their uses of humor. They completed two self-report scales with reference to their general use of humor. Analysis indicated that the men reported a greater frequency of attempts at humor than women; men perceived these attempts as more effective than did the women; and the men reported using humor for negative affect more often than women.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Stressful and Smoking Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Michael E Saladin ◽  
Nathaniel L Baker ◽  
Erin A McClure ◽  
Matthew J Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Stress

Abstract Introduction Some evidence suggests that female smokers may show more context-dependent smoking and that males may show more stereotyped smoking (regardless of stress or cue exposure). The goal of this study was to characterize sex differences in response to stressful and smoking cues ecologically presented in daily life and variability in day-to-day smoking behavior. Methods Adult smokers (N = 177) provided ratings of mood and cigarette craving before and after stress and smoking cues were presented four times daily for 14 days via a mobile device. Linear mixed models tested whether (1) female smokers exhibited greater reactivity to stressful cues than male smokers; (2) pre-cue negative affect increased reactivity to smoking cues more in female smokers than male smokers; (3) across both sexes, greater reactivity to stressful and smoking cues correlated with greater quantity of smoking within a day; and (4) female smokers exhibited greater variability in cigarettes per day (CPD) relative to males. Results Relative to male smokers, female smokers reported greater negative affect, stress, and craving in response to stressful cues, but not smoking cues, after accounting for time since last cigarette and pre-cue responding. No sex differences in CPD or variability in CPD were detected. Days with higher subjective reactivity to cues were not associated with increased smoking, in either males or females. Conclusions Sex differences were observed in response to stress but not smoking cues in the natural environment of regular cigarette smokers. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether stress reactivity in female smokers is associated with reduced latency to smoke following stress exposure in daily life. Implications This study provides naturalistic evidence that female smokers may not be more reactive to smoking cues than males, but experience heightened stress and craving following stress exposure. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that amount smoked per day varied more for females, relative to males, as a result of more context-driven smoking for females.

A Psychometric Comparison of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule across Age and Sex

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey N. Molloy ◽  
Julie F. Pallant ◽  
Aristotle Kantas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Age And Sex

This study examined factorial and other psychometric characteristics of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule in relation to mixed-sex youth ( n: 234) and adult ( n: 436) samples. Broadly, the results for both age groups were supportive of commonly reported statistical properties of the schedule. Although two factors were plainly identified, they were not clearly endorsed for either age group by confirmatory indices of fit. Within the adolescent sample, sex differences in response to the scales were noted.

scholarly journals Sex moderates the effects of positive and negative affect on clinical pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci J. Speed ◽  
Jessica M. Richards ◽  
Patrick H. Finan ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Quantitative Sensory Testing ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
State Affect

AbstractBackground and aimsSex differences in clinical pain severity and response to experimental pain are commonly reported, with women generally showing greater vulnerability. Affect, including state (a single rating) and stable (average daily ratings over two weeks) positive affect and negative affect has also been found to impact pain sensitivity and severity, and research suggests that affect may modulate pain differentially as a function of sex. The current study aimed to examine sex as a moderator of the relationships between affect and pain-related outcomes among participants with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsOne hundred and seventy-nine participants (59 men) with KOA completed electronic diaries assessing clinical pain, positive affect, and negative affect. A subset of participants (n = 120) underwent quantitative sensory testing, from which a single index of central sensitization to pain was derived. We used multiple regression models to test for the interactive effects of sex and affect (positive versus negative and stable versus state) on pain-related outcomes. We used mixed effects models to test for the moderating effects of sex on the relationships between state affect and pain over time.ResultsSex differences in affect and pain were identified, with men reporting significantly higher stable positive affect and lower central sensitization to pain indexed by quantitative sensory testing, as well as marginally lower KOA-specific clinical pain compared to women. Moreover, there was an interaction between stable positive affect and sex on KOA-specific clinical pain and average daily non-specific pain ratings. Post hoc analyses revealed that men showed trends towards an inverse relationship between stable positive affect and pain outcomes, while women showed no relationship between positive affect and pain. There was also a significant interaction between sex and stable negative affect and sex on KOA-specific pain such that men showed a significantly stronger positive relationship between stable negative affect and KOA-specific pain than women. Sex did not interact with state affect on pain outcomes.ConclusionsFindings suggest that men may be particularly sensitive to the effects of stable positive affect and negative affect on clinical pain. Future work with larger samples is needed in order to identify potential mechanisms driving the sex-specific effects of affect on pain.ImplicationsThe current study provides novel data that suggesting that the association of positive affect, negative affect, and pain are different in men versus women with KOA. Further understanding of the difference in affective expression between men and women may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions and help to identify additional modifiable factors in the prevention and management of pain.

scholarly journals Adolescent alcohol exposure produces sex differences in negative affect-like behavior and group I mGluR BNST plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1306-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Kasten ◽  
K. L. Carzoli ◽  
N. M. Sharfman ◽  
T. Henderson ◽  
E. B. Holmgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Group I

scholarly journals Personal Resources and Organizational Outcomes: Sex as a Moderator of the Complex Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Heart Rate Variability, and Work-Related Exhaustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina De Longis ◽  
Cristina Ottaviani ◽  
Guido Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Relationship

Global self-esteem represents a protective personal resource lowering the risk of psychological distress. Research conducted in the work setting has confirmed the psychosocial benefits of high self-esteem. However, research linking self-esteem to neurobiological adaptability appears quite scarce. In this study, we propose a theoretical model in which self-esteem predicts work-related exhaustion indirectly, through the mediation of heart rate variability (HRV) and negative affect at work. Moreover, we explore the relationship between self-esteem and HRV. From one side, one would expect a positive link between self-esteem and HRV, signaling higher autonomic adaptability. However, recent studies have shown that in women, such associations become more complex, with even reversed patterns as compared with that in men. Thus, we included sex as a moderator of the relationship between HRV and self-esteem. The model was tested on a sample of 110 individuals working in the relational professions (54% males; Mage = 42.6, SD = 13.73), observed for an entire workday. Results confirmed the protective role of self-esteem against the experience of negative affect and (indirectly) work-related exhaustion. Symptoms of exhaustion at work were also negatively predicted by HRV, and both HRV and negative affect acted as mediators of the relationship between self-esteem and work-related exhaustion. Notably, sex differences emerged in the association between global self-esteem and cardiac vagal tone at work: in women, self-esteem was negatively related to HRV, which in turn led to higher work-related exhaustion, whereas in men, no evidence of this indirect effect appeared. Burnout prevention programs should not ignore important sex differences in how individuals respond to work-related stress.

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