Annual Report to the Nation Finds Cancer Incidence and Death Rates on the Decline: Survival Rates Show Significant Improvement

Advances in cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapeutics, are expected to lead to significant improvements in survival rates. While cancer incidence and death rates are decreasing, quality of life after cancer may be reduced due to early functional failure of the gonads and, consequently, infertility, resulting from either the disease itself or its treatment. This chapter introduces clinicians to the new field of oncofertility and the ethical issues it raises. It will consider the situation of young cancer patients facing reproductive consequences globally, the retrieval of gametes or gonadal tissue from minors, and the use of these tissues long term. The field of oncofertility is new, but ethical considerations regarding reproductive interventions are old. Understanding how we approach these issues on a personal level and from the public’s perspective will be assessed in this chapter.

Download Full-text

Hysterectomy-Corrected Uterine Corpus Cancer Incidence Trends and Differences in Relative Survival Reveal Racial Disparities and Rising Rates of Nonendometrioid Cancers

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.19.00151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (22) ◽

pp. 1895-1908 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Megan A. Clarke ◽

Susan S. Devesa ◽

Summer V. Harvey ◽

Nicolas Wentzensen

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Pacific Islanders ◽

Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽

Histologic Subtype ◽

Uterine Corpus ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

PURPOSE Uterine corpus cancer incidence rates have been projected to increase, a prediction often attributed to the obesity epidemic. However, correct estimation of these rates requires accounting for hysterectomy prevalence, which varies by race, ethnicity, and region. Here, we evaluated recent trends in hysterectomy-corrected rates by race and ethnicity and histologic subtype and estimated differences in relative survival by race and ethnicity, subtype, and stage. METHODS We estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Hysterectomy-corrected age-standardized uterine corpus cancer incidence rates from 2000 to 2015 were calculated from the SEER 18 registries. Incidence rates and trends were estimated separately by race and ethnicity, region, and histologic subtype. Five-year relative survival rates were estimated by race and ethnicity, histologic subtype, and stage. RESULTS Hysterectomy-corrected incidence rates of uterine corpus cancer were similar among non-Hispanic whites and blacks and lower among Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders. Endometrioid carcinoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites, whereas nonendometrioid carcinoma and sarcoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic blacks. Hysterectomy-corrected uterine corpus cancer incidence increased among non-Hispanic whites from 2003 to 2015 and among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders from 2000 to 2015. Overall incidence rates among non-Hispanic blacks surpassed those of non-Hispanic whites in 2007. Endometrioid carcinoma rates rose among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders but were stable among non-Hispanic whites; however, nonendometrioid carcinoma rates rose significantly among all women. Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest survival rates, irrespective of stage at diagnosis or histologic subtype. CONCLUSION Among all women, rates of nonendometrioid subtypes have been rising rapidly. Our analysis shows profound racial differences and disparities indicated by higher rates of nonendometrioid subtypes and poorer survival among non-Hispanic black women.

Download Full-text

Projection of cancer incidence and death to 2040 in the US: Impact of cancer screening and a changing demographic.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1566-1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lola Rahib ◽

Mackenzie Wehner ◽

Lynn McCormick Matrisian ◽

Kevin Thomas Nead

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽

Death Rates ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Common Cancer ◽

The Us

1566 Background: Coping with the current and future burden of cancer requires an in-depth understanding of cancer incidence and death trends. As of 2020, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are the most incident cancers, while lung, colorectal, pancreas, and breast cancer result in the most deaths. Here we integrate observed cancer statistics and trends with observed and estimated US demographic data to project cancer incidences and deaths to the year 2040. Methods: Demographic cancer-specific delay-adjusted incidence and death rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2014-2016) were combined with US Census Bureau population growth projections (2016) and average annual percentage changes in incidence (2011-2015) and death (2012-2016) rates to project cancer incidences and deaths through the year 2040. We examined the 10 most incident and deadly cancers as of 2020. We utilized Joinpoint analysis to examine changes in incidence and death rates over time relative to changes in screening guidelines. Results: We predict the most incident cancers in 2040 in the US will be breast (322,000 diagnoses in 2040) and lung (182,000 diagnoses in 2040) cancer. Continuing decades long observed incident rate trends we predict that melanoma (173,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 3rd most common cancer while prostate cancer (63,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 5th most common cancer after colorectal cancer (139,000 diagnoses in 2040). Lung cancer (61,000 deaths in 2040) is predicted to continue to be the leading cause of cancer related death, with pancreas (45,000 deaths in 2040) and liver & intrahepatic bile duct (38,000 deaths in 2040) cancer surpassing colorectal cancer (34,000 deaths in 2040) to become the second and third most common causes of cancer related death, respectively. Breast cancer deaths (29,000 in 2040) are predicted to continue to decrease and become the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Joinpoint analysis of incidence and death rates supports a significant past, present, and future impact of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths, particularly for prostate, thyroid, melanoma incidences, and lung cancer deaths. Conclusions: We demonstrate marked changes in the predicted landscape of cancer incidence and deaths by 2040. Our analysis reveals an influence of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths in future years. These projections are important to guide future research funding allocations, healthcare planning, and health policy efforts.

Download Full-text

Parasite-mediated reductions in the survival and reproduction of the backswimmer Buenoa scimitra (Hemiptera: Notonectidae)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000056377 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 593-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carmine A. Lanciani

Keyword(s):

Linear Function ◽

Death Rate ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Water Mite ◽

Death Rates ◽

First Instar ◽

Survival And Reproduction

The effect of the parasitic water mite Hydrachna virella on its host Buenoa scimitra was investigated using laboratory experiments. The mite parasitizes all but the first instar of the host. Survival rates were found to be greater among unparasitized than parasitized individuals of these instars. Instantaneous death rates were observed to be linear functions of the number of mites supported/host. The mite's effect on the host's death rate appeared to be directly related to the size of the engorged mite compared to the size of the host; greater relative sizes were associated with greater impacts. Unparasitized females oviposited significantly more eggs than parasitized females, and the instantaneous birth rate of the host was observed to be a non-linear function of mite load.

Download Full-text

THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CANCER SERVICE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CONDUCTED ON THE BASIS OF THE CREATED POPULATION CANCER REGISTER OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.33.2.003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 228-239

Author(s):

В. М. Мерабишвили ◽

А. М. Беляев

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Age Groups ◽

Federal District ◽

Cancer Service ◽

The North ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

North Western

Полностью сформированная база данных Популяционного ракового регистра (БД ПРР) Северо-Западного Федерального округа Российской Федерации (СЗФО РФ) в феврале 2019 г. позволила существенно расширить возможности объективной оценки деятельности онкологической службы на более надежной основе аналитических материалов. В России впервые появилась возможность проводить эпидемиологические исследования злокачественных новообразований по редким локализациям опухолей, любым возрастным группам и расчеты показателей выживаемости больных. БД ПРР насчитывает более 1 млн наблюдений, включает все рубрики и подрубрики МКБ-10 по II классу - коды С00-96. В работе представлена динамика заболеваемости и смертности населения СЗФО РФ в сравнении со среднероссийскими показателями, достоверность учета и выживаемость больных злокачественными новообразованиями. Установлено увеличение онкологической заболеваемости в СЗФО РФ за 8 лет на 10,4% в стандартизованных показателях и снижение смертности населения в СЗФО РФ на 11,4% в тех же показателях. Рассчитана динамика пятилетней наблюдаемой выживаемости больных СЗФО РФ с учетом возрастных групп. Надежность БД ПРР СЗФО РФ подтверждается тем, что материалы трех административных территорий после тщательной проверки включены в монографию МАИР «Рак на 5 континентах», том XI (Санкт-Петербург, Архангельская обл. и Республика Карелия). The completely formed database of the Population Cancer Registry (PCR database) of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation in February 2019 has signiﬁcantly expanded the ability to objectively assess the activities of the cancer service on a more reliable basis of analytical materials. In Russia, for the ﬁrst time, it was possible to conduct epidemiological studies of malignant tumors for rare tumor locations, any age groups, and calculations of patient survival rates. The PCR database has more than 1 million observations and includes all the headings and subheadings of ICD-10 for class II - codes C00-96. The article will present the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population of the northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation in comparison with the national average, the reliability of accounting and survival of patients with malignant tumors. For 8 years, the growth of cancer incidence in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 10,4 % in standardized indicators and a decrease in population mortality in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 11,4 % in the same indicators. The dynamics of the 5-year observed survival rate of patients with Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, taking into account age groups, is calculated. The reliability of the PCR database of the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation is conﬁrmed by the fact that the materials of 3 administrative territories are included in the IARC monograph «Cancer incidence in ﬁve continents. Vol. XI» (Saint-Petersburg, Arkhangelsk region and the Republic of Karelia).

Download Full-text