Because I know how it hurts: Employee bystander intervention in customer sexual harassment through empathy and its moderating factors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijue Liang ◽  
YoungAh Park
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Know How ◽  
Moderating Factors

scholarly journals Pioneer Legislation on Second Order of Sexual Harassment: Sociolegal Innovation in Addressing Sexual Harassment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vidu ◽  
Gema Tomás ◽  
Ramon Flecha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
First Time

Abstract Backgroud Countless efforts to combat sexual harassment have been proposed, and for the first time in history, the second order of sexual harassment (SOSH) has been legislated under the term second-order violence (SOV) by a unanimous vote of the Catalan Parliament. Advances in preventing and responding to sexual harassment contribute to highlighting the intervention as being crucial to supporting survivors against retaliation. A lack of support provides a general explanation on why bystanders tend not to intervene and highlights the reality that reprisals are suffered by those who support victims. Methods From the existing knowledge about sexual harassment prevention and response mechanisms, this paper analyzes scientific evidence through a review of the literature published in databases, as well as legislation, reports, and other materials. Results The context that enables SOV legislation is grounded in three realms: (1) bystander intervention and protection, (2) the role of support networks in protecting survivors, and (3) awareness and legislation of SOSH. An active bystander refers to the involvement of someone who is aware of potential sexual harassment situations. Conclusions The lack of legislation against SOSH limits bystander intervention and support; therefore, legislating protection for supporters has become urgent and necessary. Legislating SOSH has great social implications because gender equality cannot be fully achieved if bystander protection is not legally considered. Policy Implications: As no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women’s studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy. Policy Implications As no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women’s studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy.

“Yeah, We Serve Alcohol, but . . . We Are Here to Help”: A Qualitative Analysis of Bar Staff’s Perceptions of Sexual Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ráchael A. Powers ◽  
Jennifer Leili
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Group Interviews

This study is an exploratory analysis of how bar staff perceive their role in preventing sexual harassment and assault. In particular, through qualitative focus group interviews, this study explores bar staff’s attitudes surrounding sexual harassment/assault, how they currently handle these situations, and their opinions regarding programs and policies that currently mandate responsibility. Six major themes emerged including their hesitation to discuss sexual violence, their unique position as a service provider, their lack of knowledge (but eagerness to learn), and their reliance on stereotypical scenarios of sexual violence and interventions. These findings are situated in a framework for understanding barriers to bystander intervention and implications for community-based bystander programs are discussed.

Bystander Intervention in Bullying: Role of Social Skills and Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay N. Jenkins ◽  
Amanda B. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Know How ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
And Gender

The Bystander Intervention Model proposed by social psychologists Latané and Darley has been used to examine the actions of peer bystanders in bullying. The five-stage model consists of notice the event, interpret event as an emergency, accept responsibility for intervening, know how to intervene, and implement intervention decisions. The current study examined associations among gender, social skills, and the bystander intervention model among 299 sixth- to eighth-grade students. Analyses revealed that girls reported significantly greater cooperation and empathy, and noticed bullying events, interpreted them as an emergency, and intervened more often than boys. The best fitting structural equation model included both empathy and cooperation, with significant positive path coefficients between empathy and bystander intervention. Students with greater empathy were more likely to engage with each step of the model, except noticing the event. Assertiveness was positively associated and cooperation was negatively associated with greater knowledge of how to intervene.

scholarly journals Prediksi Tingkat Kriminalitas Menggunakan Metode Single Moving Average (Studi Kasus Polres Asahan Sumatera Utara)

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Mustopa Husein Lubis ◽  
S Sumijan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Know How ◽  
Forecasting Method

Crime is all kinds of actions and actions that are economically and psychologically harmful that violate the laws in force in the State of Indonesia as well as social and religious norms. Ordinary criminal acts affect the security of the community and threaten their inner and outer peace. The research location is the Asahan Police which is an agency that can provide security and protection for the community, especially those in Asahan Regency. The problem that occurs in this location is that there is no prediction system in Asahan Regency, due to the lack of knowledge factor in processing crime rate data. So it is difficult to know how much the increase or decrease in criminal cases carried out at the Asahan Police. The data used are cases of murder, sexual harassment, assault, violent theft, weight theft, motorcycle theft, fraud and counterfeiting money for the last 5 years from 2016 to 2020. This study aims to predict the crime rate in Asahan Regency in order to anticipating the upcoming spike in crime. The system that will be made uses forecasting or forecasting. With the Single Moving Average forecasting method. The Single Moving Average method is a forecast for the time in the future. The results of the calculation of predictions for criminal cases in 2021 obtained 3 cases of murder, 2 cases of sexual harassment in 2021, 252 cases of maltreatment in 2021, 27 cases of violent theft in 2021, 348 thefts with a weight in 2021. cases, motorcycle theft in 2021, totaling 90 cases, fraud in 2021, amounting to 85 cases, and counterfeiting money in 2021, totaling 1 case. This result has an accuracy rate of 99% from the reality of the crime that occurred, so this study is very appropriate to be used to predict the crime rate.

scholarly journals Media-Induced Sexual Harassment: The Routes from Sexually Objectifying Media to Sexual Harassment

Sex Roles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Galdi ◽  
Francesca Guizzo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Causal Risk Factor ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sexual Readiness

Abstract Media that sexually objectify women by portraying them in ways that emphasize physical beauty and sexual readiness as well as reduce them to decorative and sexual objects have been traditionally identified by scholars as a powerful cultural risk factor encouraging sexual harassment and sexual violence. In the present article we review the existing empirical evidence linking sexually objectifying media and sexual harassment of women to the overarching and integrative Media-Induced Sexual Harassment framework. This framework offers a coherent scheme for explaining the effects of sexually objectifying media on three target groups directly involved in sexual harassment—perpetrators, victims, and bystanders—and it postulates three cognitive and emotional mechanisms through which sexually objectifying media lead to sexual harassment: dehumanization, disruption of emphatic resonance, and a shift in gender norms. The evidence reviewed on the basis of the Media-Induced Sexual Harassment framework shows that sexually objectifying media converge in normalizing harassing behaviors and can be a causal risk factor for increasing engagement in sexual harassment, heightening victims’ acceptance of sexual harassment and discouraging bystander intervention. We discuss implications of these arguments for effectively preventing negative effects of exposure to sexually objectifying media and for education programs aimed at critical media-consumption.

scholarly journals Second-Order Sexual Harassment: Violence Against the Silence Breakers Who Support the Victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097549
Author(s):  
Ramón Flecha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Central Factors

Second-order sexual harassment (SOSH) is the harassment suffered by those who stand with and support victims of violence against women (VAW)1. Because the vast majority of programs currently focus on promoting bystander intervention, for such programs to be successful, knowledge about and actions against SOSH are necessary. Through narratives, this article provides unprecedented clues about SOSH. Working on safety strategies for individuals who support victims, promoting solidarity networks that also address SOSH, and ensuring that institutional policies are enforced are found to be central factors that can help prevent and/or transcend SOSH.

scholarly journals Saling Jaga Atas Pelecehan Seksual di Tempat Publik

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Zenny Rezania Dewantary ◽  
Anathasia Citra ◽  
Fransiska Rachel ◽  
Abhirama SD Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Communication Design ◽  
Undergraduate Programs

<em>Sexual harassment is still considered irrelevant to voice, let alone to fight for. People tend to put more concerns on family honor, and even consider sexual harassment as a shameful act and degrading their family’s name. Apart from at home, sexual harassment also often occurs in public places—public transportation, workplaces, schools, and other public facilities. Saling Jaga is a forum that voices concerns on sexual harassment that occurs in public spaces, and is the result of a collaboration amongst 3 undergraduate programs, (1) Law, (2) Communication Studies, and (3) Visual Communication Design, at President University. Saling Jaga forms a team that is hailed as Guardians. The purpose of this movement is to raise the awareness of everyone who witnesses sexual harassment in public places and has the courage to look after each other (bystander intervention) through activities in the form of socialization on Instagram social media, exhibition installations, and seminars to secondary schools in Kuningan.</em>

Incorporating bystander intervention into sexual harassment training

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yun Lee ◽  
Matthew David Hanson ◽  
Ho Kwan Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Sexual Harassment Training

Prevalence of Bystander Intervention Opportunities and Behaviors Among U.S. Army Soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby D. Elliman ◽  
Molly E. Shannahoff ◽  
Jonathan N. Metzler ◽  
Robin L. Toblin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
Worthwhile Investment

The bystander intervention model is one approach utilized to reduce risky behaviors within the U.S. Army; however, it is unclear how frequently soldiers experience opportunities to intervene and whether they already intervene in such situations. The present analysis aims to ascertain frequencies for opportunities to intervene and the rates at which soldiers intervene when presented with such opportunities. Soldiers ( N = 286) were asked whether they had witnessed particular risky behavior scenarios of interest to the Army (i.e., suicide-related behaviors, alcohol misuse, or sexual harassment/assault) during the previous 2 months and whether they had intervened in those scenarios. Prevalence rates within this sample were calculated to determine the frequency of such situations and subsequent interventions. Logistic regression was used to ascertain any differences in witnessing scenarios by demographic groups. Nearly half (46.8%) of the soldiers reported witnessing at least one scenario involving risky behaviors. Most soldiers who witnessed an event relating to suicide or alcohol misuse also reported consistently intervening (87.9% and 74.4%, respectively), whereas just half consistently intervened in response to scenarios relating to sexual harassment/assault (49.2%). Lower ranking soldiers were twice as likely as higher ranks to witness scenarios involving alcohol misuse (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [1.11, 4.26]) and sexual harassment/assault (odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [1.05, 4.62]). These data indicate that soldiers regularly encounter opportunities to intervene in risky behaviors, and while a majority intervened in such scenarios, more training is warranted, particularly around sexual assault and harassment. This supports the notion that bystander intervention training is a worthwhile investment for the Army.

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