scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Therapeutic Effects of Interferon-Beta on Cytokine-Induced Reactivation of Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Serres ◽  
Claire Bristow ◽  
Rocío M de Pablos ◽  
Doron Merkler ◽  
Manuel Sarmiento Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Interferon- β (IFN- β) drugs are considered to derive their beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis (MS) progression via their antiinflammatory properties, but the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we sought to discover how IFN- β impacts on inflammation-associated aggravation of MS-like lesions in rat. Animals with dormant focal experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions were challenged intravenously with a replication-deficient adenovirus vector carrying interleukin (IL)-1 β cDNA (AdIL-1 β). Aggravation of inflammation and demyelination within the focal EAE lesion was observed after AdIL-1 β injection with associated changes in tissue structure detected by diffusion and magnetization transfer imaging. Postgadolinium-DTPA T1-weighted images revealed contrast enhancement in the ipsilateral meninges, indicating breakdown of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and increased left/right regional cerebral blood volume ratio was also observed after AdIL-1 β injection. To determine the role of IFN- β on reactivation of the EAE lesion, rats were treated with therapeutic doses of IFN- β and focal EAE lesions showed significantly reduced reactivation in response to systemic AdIL-1 β injection. In conclusion, these findings indicate a central role for peripheral IL-1 β expression in the mechanism of MS lesion reactivation and that the therapeutic effects of IFN- β may, at least in part, reflect suppression of the effects of peripheral inflammation on MS lesion pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Cordyceps Militaris Alleviates Severity of Murine Acute Lung Injury Through miRNAs-Mediated CXCR2 Inhibition

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 2003-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Jian Tang ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Qirong Xu ◽  
Xiang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Background/Aims: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lethal diseases in humans, and the current treatments have limited therapeutic effects. Cordyceps militaris (CM) is a caterpillar-grown traditional medicinal mushroom, and has been used as a natural invigorant for longevity, endurance, and vitality in China. Recently, purified extracts from CM have been shown to have beneficial effects on various diseases including cancer. Nevertheless, a role of CM in ALI has not been examined previously. Methods: Here, we used a bleomycin-induced ALI model to study the effects of CM on the severity of ALI in mice. The levels of CXCR2, a receptor for Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, were examined in different experimental groups. The levels of microRNA (miR)-1321 and miR-3188 were also examined in lung samples and in CM. Adeno-associated viruses carrying miR-1321 and miR-3188 were injected into bleomycin-treated mice for evaluation their effects on the severity of ALI. Results: CM treatment significantly alleviated the severity of bleomycin-induced ALI in mice. The increases in lung CXCR2 by bleomycin were significantly reduced by CM at protein level, but not at mRNA level. CM contained high levels of 2 miRNAs (miR-1321 and miR-3188) that target 3'-UTR of CXCR2 mRNA to inhibit its expression. Overexpression of miR-1321 and miR-3188 in mouse lung through AAV-mediated gene therapy mimicked the effects of CM. Conclusion: CM may alleviate severity of murine ALI through miRNAs-mediated CXCR2 inhibition.

scholarly journals The role of testosterone in MS risk and course

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuja Chitnis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials

There is significant animal model data demonstrating a benefit of testosterone on both inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms relevant to multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have demonstrated lowered testosterone levels in up to 40% of men with MS. Lower testosterone levels were correlated with worsened scores of physical and cognitive disability. There is increasing data suggesting a role of testosterone in MS risk. A pilot study has demonstrated significant benefits of testosterone replacement therapy on cognitive, radiological, and immunological outcome measures in men with MS. Larger studies in other conditions have demonstrated concerns in terms of cardiovascular risk, which indicate the need for careful monitoring upon administration to MS patients. Further studies are needed to develop safer testosterone preparations, which preserve its multiple beneficial effects, as well as multicenter clinical trials to evaluate safety, dosing, and efficacy in larger populations of men with MS. Additionally, studies are needed to further explore the role of androgens as a risk factor for MS, particularly at key life transitions.

scholarly journals Low compliance contribute to insufficient Desmopressin response of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and the role of voiding school

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Radojicic ◽  
Sasa Milivojevic ◽  
Irena Koricanac ◽  
Jelena Milin Lazovic ◽  
Darko Laketic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Good Compliance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

Abstract Aims To evaluate the impact of compliance on the therapeutic effects of Desmopressin, as well as the importance of establishing the voiding school for low-compliance children in primary monosymptomatic enuresis treatment. Methods Eighty-nine patients with primary monosymptomatic enuresis treated with Desmopressin were observed during the 2017–2020 at University Children’s Hospital Belgrade, Serbia. The average patients age was 7.7 ± 2.4 years; 65 (73%) were boys and 24 (27%) % were girls. After the 3 months of Desmopressin treatment, the effect of therapy was evaluated according to the compliance. After the treatment, low-compliance patients and their parents were suggested to visit a voiding school. Results A significant decrease in the median enuresis frequency was noticed during the Desmopressin treatment (25.0 (20.0–26.0) vs 10.0 (2.0–17.0) per month, before vs after treatment, respectively) (p < 0.001). Patients with low compliance had a poorer response to Desmopressin (p < 0.001). An median enuresis reduction in the good compliance group was 92.3% (86.7 -95%), while in the low compliance group was 28.6% (16.7–43.3%). After attending voiding school, there was a significant increase in compliance (p < 0.001), associated with an median percent decrease in enuresis of 84.0% (75.0–95.5%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Compliance considerably influences the beneficial effects of Desmopressin. Patients with poor therapeutic effects should be evaluated for compliance and introduced to voiding school.

scholarly journals Role of Rehabilitation in Promoting Engagement in Daily Life in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Niels Peeters ◽  
Inger Grethe Løyning ◽  
Sofie Ferdinand ◽  
Daphne Kos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Activity Performance

Abstract The purpose of this narrative review is to define the theoretical constructs of engagement, participation, and balance. The implementation of these constructs in multiple sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation are described because MS symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive decline may affect engagement in daily life. The constructs of engagement and participation can be considered to be different when they are studied. The constructs related to balance are of interest when targeting engagement. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs may have beneficial effects in optimizing engagement. Therefore, the measurement of these constructs is primordial because they give us a deeper understanding of the meaning of activity performance that reflects engagement in daily life. Future research may focus on describing engagement in both men and women at all stages of MS and may explore variables that influence engagement in daily life to integrate engagement optimization in MS rehabilitation. Engagement may have beneficial effects as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in MS.

scholarly journals Curcumin Relieves Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior through the PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yanqin Wu ◽  
Fusheng Sun ◽  
Yujin Guo ◽  
Yumao Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain ◽  
Bdnf Pathway

Background and Aim. Increasing evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway might be critical for neuroprotection. Our present study is aimed at investigating the antidepressant-like effects of curcumin (CUR) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress- (CUMS-) induced depression rat model and explore whether the PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway is the major driving force behind the therapeutic effects of CUR. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, control, CUMS, CUMS + CUR , and CUMS + CUR + SR 18292 (PGC-1α inhibitor). Behavioral tests were conducted to assess the antidepressant-like effects of CUR. The expressions of PGC-1α, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), FNDC5, and BDNF were determined to investigate the regulatory effects of CUR on the PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. The PGC-1α inhibitor SR18292 was used to explore the role of PGC-1α in the induction of BDNF by CUR. Results. Daily gavage of 100 mg/kg CUR successfully attenuated the abnormal behaviors induced by CUMS and effectively prevented CUMS-induced reduction of PGC-1α, ERRα, FNDC5, and BDNF expressions. CUR also enhanced PGC-1α and ERRα translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Furthermore, we found that CUR supplementation effectively promoted neurocyte proliferation and suppressed neuronal apoptosis induced by CUMS. Of note, the PGC-1α inhibitor SR18292 remarkably reversed the beneficial effects of CUR on depressed rats, indicating an important role of PGC-1α in the antidepressant-like effects of CUR. Conclusion. Collectively, our data evaluating the neuroprotective action of CUR in the CUMS rats highlights the involvement of the PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in the antidepressant-like effects of CUR.

scholarly journals A review on the neuroprotective effect of Nelumbo nucifera seed pod

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2307-2310
Author(s):  
Ruvanthika PN ◽  
Manikandan S
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Receptaculum Nelumbinis, the dried seed pod of Nelumbo nucifera, exhibited good efficacy for improving learning and memory abilities. Earlier, studies revealed that Receptaculum Nelumbinis can exert therapeutic effects in diverse disorders like heart failure, neoplasm via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In the central nervous system (CNS), Receptaculum Nelumbinis (RN) also has beneficial effects on various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease (HD). RN also enhances memory and cognition ability of rodents in dissimilar pathological conditions, such as stress exposure, diabetes, aging and high-fat diet (HFD). The effect of noise stress on exploratory, locomotor, and anxiolytic activity in the open-field behavior (OFB) test and the effect of drug RN and active component quercetin, a flavonoid isolated from seedpod in overcoming these changes. Optimistically, getting a vibrant impression concerning the role of RN in the CNS, the present paper summarizes and discusses the pharmacological effects of RN as well as its possible mechanisms in CNS disorder prevention and or therapy.

scholarly journals Serotonin: A mediator of the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsveta S Malinova ◽  
Christine D Dijkstra ◽  
Helga E de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Background: The significance of the gut microbiome for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established, although the underlying signaling mechanisms of this interaction have not been sufficiently explored. Objectives: We address this point and use serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT))—a microbial-modulated neurotransmitter (NT) as a showcase to demonstrate that NTs regulated by the gut microbiome are potent candidates for mediators of the gut–brain axis in demyelinating disorders. Methods, Results, and Conclusion: Our comprehensive overview of literature provides evidence that 5-HT levels in the gut are controlled by the microbiome, both via secretion and through regulation of metabolites. In addition, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can influence the formation of the serotonergic system (SS) in the brain. We also show that SS alterations have been related to MS directly—altered expression of 5-HT transporters in central nervous system (CNS) and indirectly—beneficial effects of 5-HT modulating drugs on the course of the disease and higher prevalence of depression in patients with MS. Finally, we discuss briefly the role of other microbiome-modulated NTs such as γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine in MS to highlight a new direction for future research aiming to relate microbiome-regulated NTs to demyelinating disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Resveratrol in Mammalian Reproduction

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4554
Author(s):  
Rolando Pasquariello ◽  
Nicole Verdile ◽  
Tiziana A. L. Brevini ◽  
Fulvio Gandolfi ◽  
Cristiano Boiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Apoptotic Effects ◽  
Widespread Interest

Resveratrol is one of the most investigated natural polyphenolic compounds and is contained in more than 70 types of plants and in red wine. The widespread interest in this polyphenol derives from its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. Several studies have established that resveratrol regulates animal reproduction. However, the mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic effects are still unclear. This review aims to clarify the role of resveratrol in male and female reproductive functions, with a focus on animals of veterinary interest. In females, resveratrol has been considered as a phytoestrogen due to its capacity to modulate ovarian function and steroidogenesis via sirtuins, SIRT1 in particular. Resveratrol has also been used to enhance aged oocyte quality and as a gametes cryo-protectant with mainly antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. In males, resveratrol enhances testes function and spermatogenesis through activation of the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, resveratrol has been supplemented to semen extenders, improving the preservation of sperm quality. In conclusion, resveratrol has potentially beneficial effects for ameliorating ovarian and testes function.

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