A new method to produce high-quality 3D images using available X-ray data

A new method of automatic breast volume ultrasonography (ABVS) brings out new possibilities for the evaluation of occult breast cancer, missed on X-ray mammography due to dense breast glandular tissue. This is primarily due to the opportunity to assess the 3D format of whole breast by one scan with evaluation of a typical for malignancy spicularity or retraction phenomenon, high quality digital imaging technologies that enhance the visualization of retroareolar area, opportunity to work with the image on the working station, in the absence of the patient, the possibility of obtaining comparable scans and use them to monitor pathological formations. We present our own clinical case of occult breast cancer in a patient with a dense glandular background, demonstrating the possibilities of automatic volume sonography.

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Mapping of accumulation of SeNPs in developing zebrafish embryos and larvae: a new method using SEM with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer

Micro & Nano Letters ◽

10.1049/mnl.2016.0692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 497-499

Author(s):

Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal ◽

Subhaschandrabose Jeyabharathi ◽

Krishnan Sundar ◽

Azhaguchamy Muthukumaran

Keyword(s):

Energy Dispersive ◽

New Method ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

X Ray

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X-ray standing waves—a new method of studying the structure of crystals

Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk ◽

10.3367/ufnr.0149.198605c.0069 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 149 (05) ◽

pp. 69-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

M.V. Koval'chuk ◽

V.G. Kohn

Keyword(s):

Standing Waves ◽

New Method ◽

X Ray

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Image Quality Analysis of X-ray Grating Interferometer Using Integrating-bucket Method

Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ◽

10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2020.64.2.020503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 20503-1-20503-5

Author(s):

Faiz Wali ◽

Shenghao Wang ◽

Ji Li ◽

Jianheng Huang ◽

Yaohu Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Phase Contrast Imaging ◽

Phase Image ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

High Quality ◽

Image Quality Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Grating Interferometer

Abstract Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging has the potential to enhance image quality and provide inner structure details non-destructively. In this work, using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging system and employing integrating-bucket method, the quantitative expressions of signal-to-noise ratios due to photon statistics and mechanical error are analyzed in detail. Photon statistical noise and mechanical error are the main sources affecting the image noise in x-ray grating interferometry. Integrating-bucket method is a new phase extraction method translated to x-ray grating interferometry; hence, its image quality analysis would be of great importance to get high-quality phase image. The authors’ conclusions provide an alternate method to get high-quality refraction signal using grating interferometer, and hence increases applicability of grating interferometry in preclinical and clinical usage.

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Technology of high quality protein crystals’ obtaining aboard the ISS at execution of joint Japanese–Russian experiments

Space engineering and technology ◽

10.33950/spacetech-2308-7625-2020-2-5-25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-25

Author(s):

Koji INAKA ◽

Saori ICHIMIZU ◽

Izumi YOSHIZAKI ◽

Kiyohito KIHIRA ◽

Elena G. LAVRENKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Design ◽

International Space Station ◽

Space Station ◽

Protein Crystals ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Quality ◽

International Space ◽

X Ray ◽

High Quality Protein

A series of space experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) associated with high-quality Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) in microgravity conditions can be considered as a unique and one of the best examples of fruitful collaboration between Japanese and Russian scientists and engineers in space, which includes also other ISS International Partners. X-ray diffraction is still the most powerful tool to determine the protein three dimensional structure necessary for Structure based drug design (SBDD). The major purpose of the experiment is to grow high quality protein crystals in microgravity for X-ray diffraction on Earth. Within one and a half decade, Japan and Russia have established an efficient process over PCG in space to support latest developments over drug design and structural biology. One of the keys for success of the experiment lies in how precisely pre-launch preparations are made. Japanese party provides flight equipment for crystallization and ensures the required environment to support the experiment aboard of the ISS’s Kibo module, and also mainly takes part of the experiment ground support such as protein sample characterization, purification, crystallization screening, and solution optimization for microgravity experiment. Russian party is responsible for integration of the flight items equipped with proteins and precipitants on board Russian transportation space vehicles (Soyuz or Progress), for delivery them at the ISS, transfer to Kibo module, and returning the experiments’ results back on Earth aboard Soyuz manned capsule. Due to close cooperation of the parties and solid organizational structure, samples can be launched at the ISS every half a year if the ground preparation goes smoothly. The samples are crystallized using counter diffusion method at 20 degree C for 1–2.5 months. After samples return, the crystals are carefully taken out from the capillary, and frozen for X-ray diffraction at SPring8 facility in Japan. Extensive support of researchers from both countries is also a part of this process. The paper analyses details of the PCG experiment scheme, unique and reliable technology of its execution, and contains examples of the application. Key words: International Space Station, Protein crystals, Microgravity, International collaboration.

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A new method for the identification and quantification of magnetite–maghemite mixture using conventional X-ray diffraction technique

Talanta ◽

10.1016/j.talanta.2012.03.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 348-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

Wonbaek Kim ◽

Chang-Yul Suh ◽

Sung-Wook Cho ◽

Ki-Min Roh ◽

Hanjung Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Identification And Quantification

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Ceramic Biomaterial Pores Stereology Analysis by the Use of Microtomography

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2207

Author(s):

Żaneta Garczyk ◽

Zbigniew Jaegermann ◽

Piotr Duda ◽

Andrzej S. Swinarew ◽

Sebastian Stach

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Pore Geometry ◽

3D Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Research Material ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Chemical Foaming

The main aim of this study was to analyze microtomographic data to determine the geometric dimensions of a ceramic porous material’s internal structure. Samples of a porous corundum biomaterial were the research material. The samples were prepared by chemical foaming and were measured using an X-ray scanner. In the next stage, 3D images of the samples were generated and analyzed using Thermo Scientific Avizo software. The analysis enabled the isolation of individual pores. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The last part of the research consisted of verifying the developed method by comparing the obtained results with the parameters obtained from the microscopic examinations of the biomaterial. The comparison of the results confirmed the correctness of the developed method. The developed methodology can be used to analyze biomaterial samples to assess the geometric dimensions of biomaterial pores.

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Optimization of X-ray Investigations in Dentistry Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4554

Author(s):

Ralph-Alexandru Erdelyi ◽

Virgil-Florin Duma ◽

Cosmin Sinescu ◽

George Mihai Dobre ◽

Adrian Bradu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

X Rays ◽

High Quality ◽

X Ray

The most common imaging technique for dental diagnoses and treatment monitoring is X-ray imaging, which evolved from the first intraoral radiographs to high-quality three-dimensional (3D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Other imaging techniques have shown potential, such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). We have recently reported on the boundaries of these two types of techniques, regarding. the dental fields where each one is more appropriate or where they should be both used. The aim of the present study is to explore the unique capabilities of the OCT technique to optimize X-ray units imaging (i.e., in terms of image resolution, radiation dose, or contrast). Two types of commercially available and widely used X-ray units are considered. To adjust their parameters, a protocol is developed to employ OCT images of dental conditions that are documented on high (i.e., less than 10 μm) resolution OCT images (both B-scans/cross sections and 3D reconstructions) but are hardly identified on the 200 to 75 μm resolution panoramic or CBCT radiographs. The optimized calibration of the X-ray unit includes choosing appropriate values for the anode voltage and current intensity of the X-ray tube, as well as the patient’s positioning, in order to reach the highest possible X-rays resolution at a radiation dose that is safe for the patient. The optimization protocol is developed in vitro on OCT images of extracted teeth and is further applied in vivo for each type of dental investigation. Optimized radiographic results are compared with un-optimized previously performed radiographs. Also, we show that OCT can permit a rigorous comparison between two (types of) X-ray units. In conclusion, high-quality dental images are possible using low radiation doses if an optimized protocol, developed using OCT, is applied for each type of dental investigation. Also, there are situations when the X-ray technology has drawbacks for dental diagnosis or treatment assessment. In such situations, OCT proves capable to provide qualitative images.

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Non-destructive handheld XRF study of archaeological composite silver objects—the case study of the late Roman Seuso Treasure

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12520-021-01321-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Viktória Mozgai ◽

Bernadett Bajnóczi ◽

Zoltán May ◽

Zsolt Mráv

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

High Quality ◽

X Ray ◽

Composite Objects ◽

Mechanical Attachment ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Made In ◽

Late Roman

AbstractThis study details the non-destructive chemical analysis of composite silver objects (ewers, situlas, amphora and casket) from one of the most significant late Roman finds, the Seuso Treasure. The Seuso Treasure consists of fourteen large silver vessels that were made in the fourth–early fifth centuries AD and used for dining during festive banquets and for washing and beautification. The measurements were systematically performed along a pre-designed grid at several points using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results demonstrate that all the objects were made from high-quality silver (above 90 wt% Ag), with the exception of the base of the Geometric Ewer B. Copper was added intentionally to improve the mechanical properties of soft silver. The gold and lead content of the objects shows constant values (less than 1 wt% Au and Pb). The chemical composition as well as the Bi/Pb ratio suggests that the parts of the composite objects were manufactured from different silver ingots. The ewers were constructed in two ways: (i) the base and the body were made separately, or (ii) the ewer was raised from a single silver sheet. The composite objects were assembled using three methods: (i) mechanical attachment; (ii) low-temperature, lead-tin soft solders; or (iii) high-temperature, copper-silver hard solders. Additionally, two types of gilding were revealed by the XRF analysis, one with remnants of mercury, i.e. fire-gilding, and another type without remnants of mercury, presumably diffusion bonding.

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Spectral Tomography for 3D Element Detection and Mineral Analysis

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Jose R. A. Godinho ◽

Gabriel Westaway-Heaven ◽

Marijn A. Boone ◽

Axel D. Renno

Keyword(s):

Energy Spectrum ◽

3D Imaging ◽

X Rays ◽

3D Images ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Additional Information ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Spectral Computed Tomography

This paper demonstrates the potential of a new 3D imaging technique, Spectral Computed Tomography (sp-CT), to identify heavy elements inside materials, which can be used to classify mineral phases. The method combines the total X-ray transmission measured by a normal polychromatic X-ray detector, and the transmitted X-ray energy spectrum measured by a detector that discriminates between X-rays with energies of about 1.1 keV resolution. An analysis of the energy spectrum allows to identify sudden changes of transmission at K-edge energies that are specific of each element. The additional information about the elements in a phase improves the classification of mineral phases from grey-scale 3D images that would be otherwise difficult due to artefacts or the lack of contrast between phases. The ability to identify the elements inside the minerals that compose ore particles and rocks is crucial to broaden the application of 3D imaging in Earth sciences research and mineral process engineering, which will represent an important complement to traditional 2D imaging mineral characterization methods. In this paper, the first applications of sp-CT to classify mineral phases are showcased and the limitations and further developments are discussed.

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