Ceramic Biomaterial Pores Stereology Analysis by the Use of Microtomography

The main aim of this study was to analyze microtomographic data to determine the geometric dimensions of a ceramic porous material’s internal structure. Samples of a porous corundum biomaterial were the research material. The samples were prepared by chemical foaming and were measured using an X-ray scanner. In the next stage, 3D images of the samples were generated and analyzed using Thermo Scientific Avizo software. The analysis enabled the isolation of individual pores. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The last part of the research consisted of verifying the developed method by comparing the obtained results with the parameters obtained from the microscopic examinations of the biomaterial. The comparison of the results confirmed the correctness of the developed method. The developed methodology can be used to analyze biomaterial samples to assess the geometric dimensions of biomaterial pores.

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Characterization of Three-Dimensional Internal Structure Evolution in Asphalt Mixtures during Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4316

Author(s):

Gang Xu ◽

Xianhua Chen ◽

Xing Cai ◽

Yunhong Yu ◽

Jun Yang

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Void Content ◽

3D Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Before And After

This paper aims to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) internal structure evolution of asphalt mixtures under freeze–thaw cycles. Asphalt mixtures with three levels of design void content (3%, 5%, and 7%) were prepared in the laboratory. Subsequently, X-ray computed tomography (CT) tests were conducted to capture two-dimensional (2D) images of the internal structure of samples before and after freeze–thaw testing. A set of image processing techniques for reconstructing 3D images of the internal structure were utilized to extract the internal structure properties, which were then used to analyze the changes in the air void distributions and to evaluate the internal structure evolution under freeze–thaw cycles. 3D images reconstructed from X-ray CT images illustrated a dramatic degradation in the internal structure after cyclic freeze–thaw exposure. The change in internal structure occurs mainly in three ways: (1) expansion of existing individual voids, (2) combination of two separated air voids, and (3) generation of new voids. In addition, the parametric analysis of the three-dimensional reconstructed voids revealed that the asphalt mixture void ratio increased with the number of freeze–thaw cycles, while the larger the initial void content, the more pronounced the increase in the specimens. Therefore, asphalt mixture freeze–thaw resistance should be optimized in relation to the design void content.

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X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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Influence of the Nb and V Addition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of the Fe-B-Co-Si Alloy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14144045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4045

Author(s):

Rafał Mech ◽

Jolanta Gąsiorek ◽

Amadeusz Łaszcz ◽

Bartosz Babiarczuk

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Corrosion Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Final Performance ◽

Differential Calorimeter ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Scanning Electron

The paper presents a comparison of the results of the corrosion resistance for three Fe-B-Co-Si-based newly developed alloys with the addition of Nb and V. The corrosion performance differences and microstructure variations were systematically studied using scanning electron microscope, electric corrosion equipment, X-ray diffractometer, and differential calorimeter. It has been shown that each alloying addition increased the corrosion resistance. The highest corrosion resistance obtained by potentiodynamic polarization was found for the alloy with both Nb and V addons (Fe57Co10B20Si5Nb4V4) and lowest in the case of the basic four-element Fe62Co15B14Si9 material. This shows that the proper choice of additions is of significant influence on the final performance of the alloy and allows tailoring of the material for specific applications.

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Spectral Tomography for 3D Element Detection and Mineral Analysis

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Jose R. A. Godinho ◽

Gabriel Westaway-Heaven ◽

Marijn A. Boone ◽

Axel D. Renno

Keyword(s):

Energy Spectrum ◽

3D Imaging ◽

X Rays ◽

3D Images ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Additional Information ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Spectral Computed Tomography

This paper demonstrates the potential of a new 3D imaging technique, Spectral Computed Tomography (sp-CT), to identify heavy elements inside materials, which can be used to classify mineral phases. The method combines the total X-ray transmission measured by a normal polychromatic X-ray detector, and the transmitted X-ray energy spectrum measured by a detector that discriminates between X-rays with energies of about 1.1 keV resolution. An analysis of the energy spectrum allows to identify sudden changes of transmission at K-edge energies that are specific of each element. The additional information about the elements in a phase improves the classification of mineral phases from grey-scale 3D images that would be otherwise difficult due to artefacts or the lack of contrast between phases. The ability to identify the elements inside the minerals that compose ore particles and rocks is crucial to broaden the application of 3D imaging in Earth sciences research and mineral process engineering, which will represent an important complement to traditional 2D imaging mineral characterization methods. In this paper, the first applications of sp-CT to classify mineral phases are showcased and the limitations and further developments are discussed.

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Research on Nozzle Geometry Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging Technique

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 779-780 ◽

pp. 1007-1014

Author(s):

Cang Su Xu ◽

Qi Yuan Luo ◽

Jian Ma ◽

Fang Qi ◽

Yi Fan Xu

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Light Source ◽

Flow Dynamics ◽

Nozzle Geometry ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

X Ray ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Injector Nozzle ◽

Fuel Atomization ◽

Geometry Measurement

The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines are largely governed by fuel atomization and spray processes which in turn are strongly influenced by the flow dynamics inside the injector nozzle. Accurate measurement of the nozzle geometry is important for the study of the flow dynamics. Using the third-generation synchrontron radiation light source of the ShangHai Light Source (SSRF), the research team successfully captured the internal structure images of the single hole nozzle and multi-hole nozzle. According to the captured images, the researchers clearly observed the internal structure of nozzle as well as the sac region. The diameter and length of the nozzles and orifice angle were also be accurately measured.

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Internal structure of copper(II)-phthalocyanine thin films on SiO2∕Si substrates investigated by grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.2180399 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 073504 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. C. Brieva ◽

T. E. Jenkins ◽

D. G. Jones ◽

F. Strössner ◽

D. A. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

X Ray ◽

Si Substrates

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Image processing procedure to quantify the internal structure of porous asphalt concrete

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures ◽

10.1108/mmms-08-2017-0073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 206-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kabiru Abdullahi Ahmad ◽

Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽

Mohd Ezree Abdullah ◽

Munder A.M. Bilema ◽

Nura Usman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Content Type ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

X Ray ◽

Air Void ◽

Aggregate Interlock

Purpose In order to fully understand the properties of porous asphalt, investigation should be conducted from different point of views. This is from the fact that porous asphalt mixture designed with the same aggregate gradation and air void content can give different infiltration rate due to the different formation of the internal structure. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the micro-structural properties and functional performance of porous asphalt simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach The aim is to develop imaging techniques to process and analyze the internal structure of porous asphalt mixture. A few parameters were established to analyze the air void properties and aggregate interlock within the gyratory compacted samples captured using a non-destructive scanning technique of X-ray computed tomography (CT) throughout the samples. The results were then compared with the functional performance in terms of permeability. Four aggregate gradations used in different countries, i.e. Malaysia, Australia, the USA and Singapore. The samples were tested for resilient modulus and permeability. Quantitative analysis of the microstructure was used to establish the relationships between the air void properties and aggregate interlock and the resilient modulus and permeability. Findings Based on the results, it was found that the micro-structural properties investigated have successfully described the internal structure formation and they reflect the results of resilient modulus and permeability. In addition, the imaging technique which includes the image processing and image analysis for internal structure quantification seems to be very useful and perform well with the X-ray CT images based on the reliable results obtained from the analysis. Research limitations/implications In this study, attention was limited to the study of internal structure of porous asphalt samples prepared in the laboratory using X-ray CT but can also be used to assess the quality of finished asphalt pavements by taking core samples for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The use of CT for material characterization presents a lot of possibilities in the future of asphalt concrete mix design. Originality/value Based on the validation process which includes comparisons between the values obtained from the image analysis and those from the performance test and it was found that the developed procedure satisfactorily assesses the air voids distribution and the aggregate interlock for this reason, it can be used.

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