scholarly journals Big behavior: challenges and opportunities in a new era of deep behavior profiling

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas von Ziegler ◽  
Oliver Sturman ◽  
Johannes Bohacek
Keyword(s):  
Large Datasets ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
New Era ◽  
Rodent Behavior ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Behavior Profiling ◽  
New Algorithms

AbstractThe assessment of rodent behavior forms a cornerstone of preclinical assessment in neuroscience research. Nonetheless, the true and almost limitless potential of behavioral analysis has been inaccessible to scientists until very recently. Now, in the age of machine vision and deep learning, it is possible to extract and quantify almost infinite numbers of behavioral variables, to break behaviors down into subcategories and even into small behavioral units, syllables or motifs. However, the rapidly growing field of behavioral neuroethology is experiencing birthing pains. The community has not yet consolidated its methods, and new algorithms transfer poorly between labs. Benchmarking experiments as well as the large, well-annotated behavior datasets required are missing. Meanwhile, big data problems have started arising and we currently lack platforms for sharing large datasets—akin to sequencing repositories in genomics. Additionally, the average behavioral research lab does not have access to the latest tools to extract and analyze behavior, as their implementation requires advanced computational skills. Even so, the field is brimming with excitement and boundless opportunity. This review aims to highlight the potential of recent developments in the field of behavioral analysis, whilst trying to guide a consensus on practical issues concerning data collection and data sharing.

mmpdb: An Open Source Matched Molecular Pair Platform for Large Multi-Property Datasets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dalke ◽  
Jerome Hert ◽  
Christian Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Molecular Pair ◽  
New Algorithms

We present mmpdb, an open source Matched Molecular Pair (MMP) platform to create, compile, store, retrieve, and use MMP rules. mmpdb is suitable for the large datasets typically found in pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies and provides new algorithms for fragment canonicalization and stereochemistry handling. The platform is written in Python and based on the RDKit toolkit. mmpdb is freely available.

scholarly journals Emerging issues in genomic selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Misztal ◽  
I Aguilar ◽  
D Lourenco ◽  
L Ma ◽  
J Steibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Sparse Matrices ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Genomic selection is now practiced successfully across many species. However, many questions remain such as long-term effects, estimations of genomic parameters, robustness of GWAS with small and large datasets, and stability of genomic predictions. This study summarizes presentations from at the 2020 ASAS symposium. The focus of many studies until now is on linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two loci. Ignoring higher level equilibrium may lead to phantom dominance and epistasis. The Bulmer effect leads to a reduction of the additive variance; however, selection for increased recombination rate can release anew genetic variance. With genomic information, estimates of genetic parameters may be biased by genomic preselection, but costs of estimation can increase drastically due to the dense form of the genomic information. To make computation of estimates feasible, genotypes could be retained only for the most important animals, and methods of estimation should use algorithms that can recognize dense blocks in sparse matrices. GWAS studies using small genomic datasets frequently find many marker-trait associations whereas studies using much bigger datasets find only a few. Most current tools use very simple models for GWAS, possibly causing artifacts. These models are adequate for large datasets where pseudo-phenotypes such as deregressed proofs indirectly account for important effects for traits of interest. Artifacts arising in GWAS with small datasets can be minimized by using data from all animals (whether genotyped or not), realistic models, and methods that account for population structure. Recent developments permit computation of p-values from GBLUP, where models can be arbitrarily complex but restricted to genotyped animals only, and to single-step GBLUP that also uses phenotypes from ungenotyped animals. Stability was an important part of nongenomic evaluations, where genetic predictions were stable in the absence of new data even with low prediction accuracies. Unfortunately, genomic evaluations for such animals change because all animals with genotypes are connected. A top ranked animal can easily drop in the next evaluation, causing a crisis of confidence in genomic evaluations. While correlations between consecutive genomic evaluations are high, outliers can have differences as high as one SD. A solution to fluctuating genomic evaluations is to base selection decisions on groups of animals. While many issues in genomic selection have been solved, many new issues that require additional research continue to surface.

scholarly journals A Review of Engineering Research in Sustainable Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl R. Haapala ◽  
Fu Zhao ◽  
Jaime Camelio ◽  
John W. Sutherland ◽  
Steven J. Skerlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Supply Chain Design ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Planning Development

Sustainable manufacturing requires simultaneous consideration of economic, environmental, and social implications associated with the production and delivery of goods. Fundamentally, sustainable manufacturing relies on descriptive metrics, advanced decision-making, and public policy for implementation, evaluation, and feedback. In this paper, recent research into concepts, methods, and tools for sustainable manufacturing is explored. At the manufacturing process level, engineering research has addressed issues related to planning, development, analysis, and improvement of processes. At a manufacturing systems level, engineering research has addressed challenges relating to facility operation, production planning and scheduling, and supply chain design. Though economically vital, manufacturing processes and systems have retained the negative image of being inefficient, polluting, and dangerous. Industrial and academic researchers are re-imagining manufacturing as a source of innovation to meet society's future needs by undertaking strategic activities focused on sustainable processes and systems. Despite recent developments in decision making and process- and systems-level research, many challenges and opportunities remain. Several of these challenges relevant to manufacturing process and system research, development, implementation, and education are highlighted.

AusGeochem and Big Data Analytics in Low-Temperature Thermochronology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Boone ◽  
Fabian Kohlmann ◽  
Moritz Theile ◽  
Wayne Noble ◽  
Barry Kohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
New Era ◽  
Analytical Instruments

<p>The AuScope Geochemistry Network (AGN) and partners Lithodat Pty Ltd are developing AusGeochem, a novel cloud-based platform for Australian-produced geochemistry data from around the globe. The open platform will allow laboratories to upload, archive, disseminate and publish their datasets, as well as perform statistical analyses and data synthesis within the context of large volumes of publicly funded geochemical data. As part of this endeavour, representatives from four Australian low-temperature thermochronology laboratories (University of Melbourne, University of Adelaide, Curtin University and University of Queensland) are advising the AGN and Lithodat on the development of low-temperature thermochronology (LTT)-specific data models for the relational AusGeochem database and its international counterpart, LithoSurfer. These schemas will facilitate the structured archiving of a wide variety of thermochronology data, enabling geoscientists to readily perform LTT Big Data analytics and gain new insights into the thermo-tectonic evolution of Earth’s crust.</p><p>Adopting established international data reporting best practices, the LTT expert advisory group has designed database schemas for the fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He methods, as well as for thermal history modelling results and metadata. In addition to recording the parameters required for LTT analyses, the schemas include fields for reference material results and error reporting, allowing AusGeochem users to independently perform QA/QC on data archived in the database. Development of scripts for the automated upload of data directly from analytical instruments into AusGeochem using its open-source Application Programming Interface are currently under way.</p><p>The advent of a LTT relational database heralds the beginning of a new era of Big Data analytics in the field of low-temperature thermochronology. By methodically archiving detailed LTT (meta-)data in structured schemas, intractably large datasets comprising 1000s of analyses produced by numerous laboratories can be readily interrogated in new and powerful ways. These include rapid derivation of inter-data relationships, facilitating on-the-fly age computation, statistical analysis and data visualisation. With the detailed LTT data stored in relational schemas, measurements can then be re-calculated and re-modelled using user-defined constants and kinetic algorithms. This enables analyses determined using different parameters to be equated and compared across regional- to global scales.</p><p>The development of this novel tool heralds the beginning of a new era of structured Big Data in the field of low-temperature thermochronology, improving laboratories’ ability to manage and share their data in alignment with FAIR data principles while enabling analysts to readily interrogate intractably large datasets in new and powerful ways.</p>

Insurance accounting: a new era?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Foroughi ◽  
C. R. Barnard ◽  
R.W. Bennett ◽  
D. K. Clay ◽  
E. L. Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
New Era ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues

AbstractInsurance accounting has for many years proved a challenging topic for standard setters, preparers and users, often described as a “black box”. Will recent developments, in particular the July 2010 Insurance Contracts Exposure Draft, herald a new era?This paper reviews these developments, setting out key issues and implications. It concentrates on issues relevant to life insurers, although much of the content is also relevant to non-life insurers.The paper compares certain IFRS and Solvency II developments, recognising that UK insurers face challenges in implementing new financial and regulatory reporting requirements in similar timeframes. The paper considers resulting external disclosure requirements and a possible future role for supplementary information.

scholarly journals Continental shifts: capitalism, communications and change in Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Graham Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
The Media ◽  
Distribution Of Power

This article puts forward the fundamental lines of thought on the Political Economy of Communications and the Media, since the development of capitalism up to the present day. Clarifying the distinction between Economy and Political Economy, this work examines the central split between two traditions within Political Economy: the Classic approach which is centred on markets and competition mechanisms and the Critical approach which is centred on the analysis of property and the distribution of power in society. Despite internal distinct traditions, for political economists’ questions about cultural production and consumption are never simply matters of economic organisation or creative expression and the relations between them. They are always also questions about the organisation of power and its consequences for the constitution of public life. Based on different Political Economy perspectives, this article attempts to present the most recent developments on communications and media markets in Europe and the major challenges and opportunities the discipline faces in a time marked by the emergence of a digital public sphere.

α-Synuclein-Based Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities in a New Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 750-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi P. Visanji ◽  
Jonathan M. Brotchie ◽  
Lorraine V. Kalia ◽  
James B. Koprich ◽  
Anurag Tandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
New Era ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Earth Long-Wave Infrared Emission, New Ways to Harvest Energy

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Luciano Mescia ◽  
Pietro Bia ◽  
Onofrio Losito
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Thz Antennas

This chapter summarizes the physical properties of THz antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field of energy harvesting of Earth long-wave infrared radiation, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities. In particular, a THz antenna is designed in order to transform the thermal energy, provided by the Sun and re-emitted from the Earth, in electricity. The proposed antenna is a square spiral of gold printed on a low cost dielectric substrate. Simulations have been conducted in order to investigate the behavior of the antenna illuminated by a circularly polarized plane wave with an amplitude chosen according to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. Moreover, these THz antennas could be coupled with other components to obtain direct rectification of T radiation. As a consequence, these structures further optimized could be a promising alternative to the conventional photovoltaic solar cells.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Study of Innovation Ecosystems in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context

2022 ◽  
pp. 104-124
Author(s):  
Hugo Garcia Tonioli Defendi ◽  
Vanessa de Arruda Jorge ◽  
Ana Paula da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Luciana da Silva Madeira ◽  
Suzana Borschiver
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Health Field

The process of knowledge construction, widely discussed in the literature, follows a common structure that encompasses transformation of data into information and then into knowledge, which converges social, technological, organizational, and strategic aspects. The advancement of information technologies and growing global research efforts in the health field has dynamically generated large datasets, thus providing potential innovative solutions to health problems, posing important challenges in selection and interpretation of useful information and possibilities. COVID-19 pandemic has intensified this data generation as results of global efforts, and cooperation has promoted a level of scientific production never experienced before concerning the overcoming of the pandemic. In this context, the search for an effective and safe vaccine that can prevent the spread of this virus has become a common goal of societies, governments, institutions, and companies. These collaborative efforts have contributed to speed up the development of these vaccines at an unprecedented pace in history.

Principles of service provision in old age psychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-306
Author(s):  
Tom Dening ◽  
Kuruvilla George
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Consultation Liaison Psychiatry

Globally increasing numbers of older people bring both challenges and opportunities for old age psychiatry services. This chapter outlines the history, underlying principles, and policy context for contemporary mental health services for older people. It discusses components of services, including community health teams, memory assessment services, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and in-patient mental health care, as well as newer types of service, such as crisis teams and outreach to care homes. Other recent developments include various models of case management and emphasis on post-diagnostic support. Equally important are issues of equality and access, and the chapter covers several key areas, such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion and spirituality, and rurality. Major challenges to old age psychiatry come from limited resources and non-recognition of the distinct needs of older adults, as well as the demands of the growing older population, advances in science and technology, and the need to attract talented psychiatrists into this field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document