Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with normal weight obesity

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between NWO and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population of Colombian young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1354 subjects (61% women), aged from 18 to 30. Anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were estimated, and the percentage of fat mass was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). A cardiometabolic risk Z-score was derived by assessing WC, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure. NWO was defined by the combination of excess %BF (over 25.5% for men and 38.9% for women) and a BMI < 25 kg/m2. The overall prevalence of NWO was 29.1%. Subjects with NWO have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk compared to the normal-weight lean group (OR = 3.10). Moreover, NWO was associated with an increased risk of presenting low HDL-C (OR = 2.34), high abdominal obesity (OR = 7.27), and low NGS (OR = 3.30), p < 0.001. There is a high prevalence of NWO in American Latin young adults and this condition is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, high blood pressure, low HDL-C, high abdominal obesity, and low muscular strength early in life. Screening for adiposity in subjects with a normal BMI could help to identify young adults at a high risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities.

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The food frequency intake and eating behaviours of metabolically obese and non obese polycystic ovary syndrome women

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120006497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik ◽

Aleksadra Bykowska-Derda ◽

Boguslaw Stelcer ◽

Malgorzata Kaluzna ◽

Katarzyna Ziemnicka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Normal Weight Obesity

AbstractIntroduction: Normal weight obesity is characterized as regular BMI and excessive body fatness. This type of metabolic obesity may be observed and overlooked in polycystic ovary syndrome women (PCOS), in whom obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk are observed. There are limited data concerning eating habits and lifestyle behaviours of/in normal weight obesity PCOS women. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the food frequency intake and eating habits behaviours of PCOS women characterized by regular weight and body fatness, regular weight and excess fatness and overweight and excess body fatness.Methods: Women with PCOS (n = 149, BMI: 26 ± 6 kg/m2, aged 17–44 years) were divided into three groups according to the BMI and body fatness percentage (FM%): Regular weight and FM% (RW, n = 64), regular weight and high FM% (RWHF, n = 24) and high weight and high FM% (HWHF, n = 61). FM% was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA). Anthropometrics included weight, height and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) were measured. Food frequency intake and lifestyle behaviours were assessed by Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN, The Committee of Human Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science). To assess psychological factors influencing nutrition, My Eating Habits (MEH) Questionnaire was used. To detect the differences between the groups Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney-U tests were used.Results: The results showed that the groups with higher body fatness (HWHF and RWHF) had significantly higher scores of dietary restrictions than the RW group. The RWHF group had significantly lower frequency intake of grains and lower physical activity in relation to other groups. In the group HWHF we indicated the higher risk of eating disorders since scored there higher in emotional overeating section of Eating Habits questionnaire.Conclusion:The differences in body fatness in PCOS women might by driven by eating behaviours and frequency of intake selected food groups. Individual approach emphasized on dietary coaching of eating and lifestyle habits, might be beneficial to body composition management and cardiometabolic risk reduction in PCOS women.

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Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Poorer Cardiometabolic Profile and Lower Physical Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽

Gloria Eugenia Camargo-Villalba ◽

Nubia Mercedes González-Jiménez ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Weight Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Profile

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in Latin American children and adolescents. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to investigate whether Colombian youth with NWO syndrome have a poorer cardiometabolic profile and physical fitness performance than normal-weight lean (NWL) peers; and (ii) to determine if physical fitness levels are related to prevalence of normal-weight obesity in youth. This was an analytical cross-sectional study of 1919 youths (9–179 years old, 53.0% girls) in the capital area of Colombia. NWO was defined as a body mass index < 25 kg/m2 and a validated body fat percentage above the sex-age-specific 90th percentile for Colombian children and adolescents. Body fat was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated using the 20-meter shuttle run test, and muscular fitness with the handgrip test. Biochemical profile blood samples were collected for cardiometabolic risk factors. After adjusting for chronological age, pubertal stage, and Mediterranean diet adherence, the NWO group (boys and girls) had significantly higher values for cardiometabolic risk factors, and waist circumference (WC) than the NWL group. The prevalence of NWO was lower in youth classified with healthy CRF (boys, odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.78; girls, OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.50), p < 0.001. Our findings indicate that using only body mass index for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk likely misrepresents true adiposity and suggest the need to include the assessment of body fat in the routine clinical evaluation of individuals during childhood and adolescence.

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Cardiometabolic risk and health behaviours in adolescents with normal-weight obesity: a systematic review

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020004863 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Bruna Clemente Cota ◽

Lara Gomes Suhett ◽

Nathália Nogueira Leite ◽

Patrícia Feliciano Pereira ◽

Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

High Waist Circumference ◽

Normal Weight Obesity ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective: To analyse the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with normal-weight obesity (NWO), as well as to investigate health behaviours related to the phenotype. Design: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases. Setting: School, university and population. Participants: Adolescents between 10 and 19 years old. Results: A total of eight papers were included. Most studies have found a relationship between NWO and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high waist circumference, unfavourable lipid and glycid profile. As for health behaviours, three of the eight studies included evaluated eating habits; however, the results were not conclusive. In addition, four studies analysed the practice of physical activity or physical fitness, which was lower in NWO. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that NWO is related to the early development of cardiometabolic changes, physical inactivity and less physical fitness in adolescents. The results also reveal the importance of early detection of the phenotype, as well as the need for further research on the associated factors to prevent future diseases. Registration (PROSPERO: CRD42020161204).

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Normal-weight obesity and cardiometabolic risk: A 7-year longitudinal study in girls from prepuberty to early adulthood

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21838 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1077-1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Petri Wiklund ◽

Timo Törmäkangas ◽

Yi Shi ◽

Na Wu ◽

Aki Vainionpää ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Weight Obesity

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Determination of Peak Aerobic Capacity in Normal Weight Obesity and Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab055_025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1215-1215

Author(s):

Samantha Hart ◽

Bryant Keirns ◽

Christina Sciarrillo ◽

Reese Guynes ◽

Sam Emerson

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Normal Weight Obesity ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Objectives The true cardiometabolic risk of the novel body composition phenotypes normal-weight obesity (NWO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains controversial. Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by peak oxygen uptake during exercise (VO2peak), is inversely correlated with CVD and mortality. The objective of this project was to determine VO2peak in NWO and MHO relative to appropriate positive and negative control groups. Methods For this cross-sectional study, participants aged 18–50 years were recruited into one of four groups based on BMI, body composition, and metabolic risk factors: NWO (normal BMI with high body fat percentage (BF%)); MHO (obese BMI, high BF%, and up to one of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) as defined by the International Diabetes Federation); MetS (obese BMI, high BF%, and at least three of the diagnostic criteria for MetS); and healthy controls (HC; normal BMI, BF%, and metabolic markers). Participants engaged in a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine VO2peak and a DEXA scan to assess BF%. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results A total of 35 participants completed this study (HC: n = 10; NWO: n = 8; MHO: n = 10; MetS: n = 7). VO2peak was greater in HC (44.2 ± 11.0 ml/kg/min) compared to NWO (28.6 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min; P = 0.002), MHO (25.4 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min; P < 0.0001) and MetS (24.3 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min; P = 0.0002). VO2peak was similar among NWO, MHO, and MetS (p's ≥ 0.76). BF% was lower in HC (23.4 ± 5.5%) compared to NWO (32.6 ± 3.8%; P = 0.0099), MHO (41.9 ± 6.0%; P < 0.0001) and MetS (32.5 ± 6.1%; P = 0.016). BF% was also greater in MHO compared to NWO (P = 0.0085) and MetS (P = 0.0115). There was no significant difference in BF% between NWO and MetS (P > 0.9999). Across groups, there was a strong inverse correlation between BF% and VO2peak (r = −0.83). Conclusions VO2peak did not significantly differ among all three at-risk groups (NWO, MHO, and MetS), and all were lower than HC. BF% also did not significantly differ between NWO and MetS groups, and BF% was actually greater in MHO compared to MetS and NWO. NWO and MHO, despite normal BMI and metabolic markers, respectively, have a VO2peak more similar to MetS than HC, suggesting increased cardiometabolic risk. Funding Sources American Society for Nutrition Mars. Inc Predoctoral Fellowship.

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