Cardiometabolic risk and health behaviours in adolescents with normal-weight obesity: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bruna Clemente Cota ◽  
Lara Gomes Suhett ◽  
Nathália Nogueira Leite ◽  
Patrícia Feliciano Pereira ◽  
Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective: To analyse the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with normal-weight obesity (NWO), as well as to investigate health behaviours related to the phenotype. Design: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases. Setting: School, university and population. Participants: Adolescents between 10 and 19 years old. Results: A total of eight papers were included. Most studies have found a relationship between NWO and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high waist circumference, unfavourable lipid and glycid profile. As for health behaviours, three of the eight studies included evaluated eating habits; however, the results were not conclusive. In addition, four studies analysed the practice of physical activity or physical fitness, which was lower in NWO. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that NWO is related to the early development of cardiometabolic changes, physical inactivity and less physical fitness in adolescents. The results also reveal the importance of early detection of the phenotype, as well as the need for further research on the associated factors to prevent future diseases. Registration (PROSPERO: CRD42020161204).

scholarly journals Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Poorer Cardiometabolic Profile and Lower Physical Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Gloria Eugenia Camargo-Villalba ◽  
Nubia Mercedes González-Jiménez ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in Latin American children and adolescents. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to investigate whether Colombian youth with NWO syndrome have a poorer cardiometabolic profile and physical fitness performance than normal-weight lean (NWL) peers; and (ii) to determine if physical fitness levels are related to prevalence of normal-weight obesity in youth. This was an analytical cross-sectional study of 1919 youths (9–179 years old, 53.0% girls) in the capital area of Colombia. NWO was defined as a body mass index < 25 kg/m2 and a validated body fat percentage above the sex-age-specific 90th percentile for Colombian children and adolescents. Body fat was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated using the 20-meter shuttle run test, and muscular fitness with the handgrip test. Biochemical profile blood samples were collected for cardiometabolic risk factors. After adjusting for chronological age, pubertal stage, and Mediterranean diet adherence, the NWO group (boys and girls) had significantly higher values for cardiometabolic risk factors, and waist circumference (WC) than the NWL group. The prevalence of NWO was lower in youth classified with healthy CRF (boys, odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.78; girls, OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.50), p < 0.001. Our findings indicate that using only body mass index for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk likely misrepresents true adiposity and suggest the need to include the assessment of body fat in the routine clinical evaluation of individuals during childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Diabetes: A Summary of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Kahleova ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Dario Rahelić ◽  
Cyril WC Kendall ◽  
Emilie Rembert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meta Analyses

The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conducted a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explain the relationship between different dietary patterns and patient-important cardiometabolic outcomes. To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in the prevention and management of diabetes, we summarize the evidence from these evidence syntheses for the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement, and vegetarian dietary patterns. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. We summarized the evidence for disease incidence outcomes and risk factor outcomes using risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. The Mediterranean diet showed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (RR: 0.62; 95%CI, 0.50, 0.78), and non-significant CVD mortality (RR: 0.67; 95%CI, 0.45, 1.00) benefit. The DASH dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and was associated with the decreased incidence of CVD (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.76, 0.85). Vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and the reduced incidence (0.72; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.85) and mortality (RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.69, 0.88) of coronary heart disease. The Portfolio dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 13% (−1.34% (95%CI, −2.19 to −0.49)). The Nordic dietary pattern was correlated with decreased CVD (0.93 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.99)) and stroke incidence (0.87 (95%CI, 0.77, 0.97)) and, along with liquid meal replacements, improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05). The evidence was assessed as low to moderate certainty for most dietary patterns and outcome pairs. Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement and vegetarian dietary patterns have cardiometabolic advantages in populations inclusive of diabetes.

scholarly journals Association between eating habits, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angelo dos Santos DUARTE JUNIOR ◽  
Adroaldo Cezar Araujo GAYA ◽  
Vanilson Batista LEMES ◽  
Camila Felin FOCHESATTO ◽  
Caroline BRAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors.

scholarly journals The food frequency intake and eating behaviours of metabolically obese and non obese polycystic ovary syndrome women

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik ◽  
Aleksadra Bykowska-Derda ◽  
Boguslaw Stelcer ◽  
Malgorzata Kaluzna ◽  
Katarzyna Ziemnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

AbstractIntroduction: Normal weight obesity is characterized as regular BMI and excessive body fatness. This type of metabolic obesity may be observed and overlooked in polycystic ovary syndrome women (PCOS), in whom obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk are observed. There are limited data concerning eating habits and lifestyle behaviours of/in normal weight obesity PCOS women. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the food frequency intake and eating habits behaviours of PCOS women characterized by regular weight and body fatness, regular weight and excess fatness and overweight and excess body fatness.Methods: Women with PCOS (n = 149, BMI: 26 ± 6 kg/m2, aged 17–44 years) were divided into three groups according to the BMI and body fatness percentage (FM%): Regular weight and FM% (RW, n = 64), regular weight and high FM% (RWHF, n = 24) and high weight and high FM% (HWHF, n = 61). FM% was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA). Anthropometrics included weight, height and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) were measured. Food frequency intake and lifestyle behaviours were assessed by Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN, The Committee of Human Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science). To assess psychological factors influencing nutrition, My Eating Habits (MEH) Questionnaire was used. To detect the differences between the groups Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney-U tests were used.Results: The results showed that the groups with higher body fatness (HWHF and RWHF) had significantly higher scores of dietary restrictions than the RW group. The RWHF group had significantly lower frequency intake of grains and lower physical activity in relation to other groups. In the group HWHF we indicated the higher risk of eating disorders since scored there higher in emotional overeating section of Eating Habits questionnaire.Conclusion:The differences in body fatness in PCOS women might by driven by eating behaviours and frequency of intake selected food groups. Individual approach emphasized on dietary coaching of eating and lifestyle habits, might be beneficial to body composition management and cardiometabolic risk reduction in PCOS women.

Risk of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Women With and Without a History of Breast Cancer: The Pathways Heart Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L. Kwan ◽  
Richard K. Cheng ◽  
Carlos Iribarren ◽  
Romain Neugebauer ◽  
Jamal S. Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard

PURPOSE The incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors in breast cancer (BC) survivors has not been well described. Thus, we compared risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in women with and without BC. METHODS Women with invasive BC diagnosed from 2005 to 2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) were identified and matched 1:5 to noncancer controls on birth year, race, and ethnicity. Cumulative incidence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were estimated with competing risk of overall death. Subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) were estimated by Fine and Gray regression, adjusted for cardiovascular disease–related risk factors, and stratified by treatment and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS A total of 14,942 BC cases and 74,702 matched controls were identified with mean age 61.2 years and 65% non-Hispanic White. Compared with controls, BC cases had higher cumulative incidence rates of hypertension (10.9% v 8.9%) and diabetes (2.1% v 1.7%) after 2 years, with higher diabetes incidence persisting after 10 years (9.3% v 8.8%). In multivariable models, cases had higher risk of diabetes (sHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) versus controls. Cases treated with chemotherapy (sHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.38), left-sided radiation (sHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.48), or endocrine therapy (sHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.34) continued to have higher diabetes risk. Hypertension risk was higher for cases receiving left-sided radiation (sHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.21) or endocrine therapy (sHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.16). Normal-weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) cases had higher risks overall and within treatment subgroups versus controls. CONCLUSION BC survivors at KPNC experienced elevated risks of diabetes and hypertension compared with women without BC depending on treatments received and BMI. Future studies should examine strategies for cardiometabolic risk factor prevention in BC survivors.

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