scholarly journals Metabolite signatures of diverse Camellia sinensis tea populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yu ◽  
Jiajing Xiao ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Jianqiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Negative Ionization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) presents an excellent system to study evolution and diversification of the numerous classes, types and variable contents of specialized metabolites. Here, we investigate the relationship among C. sinensis phylogenetic groups and specialized metabolites using transcriptomic and metabolomic data on the fresh leaves collected from 136 representative tea accessions in China. We obtain 925,854 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) enabling the refined grouping of the sampled tea accessions into five major clades. Untargeted metabolomic analyses detect 129 and 199 annotated metabolites that are differentially accumulated in different tea groups in positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. Each phylogenetic group contains signature metabolites. In particular, CSA tea accessions are featured with high accumulation of diverse classes of flavonoid compounds, such as flavanols, flavonol mono-/di-glycosides, proanthocyanidin dimers, and phenolic acids. Our results provide insights into the genetic and metabolite diversity and are useful for accelerated tea plant breeding.

scholarly journals Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui An ◽  
Jiongjiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. Result In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c. Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.

scholarly journals Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 20180642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Rafael Wlodarski ◽  
Anna Machin ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

The ratio between the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) has been widely used as a proxy for fetal exposure to androgens and has been linked to a number of sociosexual traits in humans. However, the role of genes in this equation remains unknown. Here ( N = 474), we test, firstly, for associations between 2D:4D and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine neurochemical receptor genes ( AR, OXTR, AVPR1A, OPRM1, DRD1/2, ANKK1, 5HTR1A/2A ), and secondly, whether digit ratios mediate the relationship between genetic variation and sociosexuality. We demonstrate significant associations between AR , OPRM1 and AVPR1A and 2D:4D. Moreover, mediation analysis indicates that, in women, AR and OPRM1 variation drives digit ratios, which are related positively to impulsivity and, for OPRM1 , negatively to romantic relationship quality. Although these findings are subject to multiple testing issues, this study provides preliminary evidence that in women genetic factors may affect both impulsivity and perceived relationship quality through influencing factors indexed by digit ratios.

scholarly journals IL-1R2 Polymorphisms and its Interaction Associates With Osteoporosis Susceptibility in Chinese Han Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Rong ◽  
Zhiquan Liang ◽  
Wenyuan Xiang ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
Fengli Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Testing Accuracy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

Abstract Background: IL-1R2, serves as a negative regulator of IL-1 signaling, is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between IL-1R2 polymorphism and osteoporosis susceptibility among the Chinese Han population.Methods: We recruited 594 osteoporosis patients and 599 healthy controls. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1R2 were selected for genotyping using Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated through logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. Linkage disequilibrium analysis was plotted by Haploview v4.2. Multifactor dimension reduction (MDR) was performed to estimate the SNP-SNP interaction of IL-1R2 variants.Results: Our result revealed that rs11674595 (OR = 1.86, p = 0.020), rs2072472 (OR = 1.26, p = 0.019) and rs4851527 (OR = 0.78, p = 0.007) were related to the risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, the contribution of IL-1R2 polymorphisms to osteoporosis risk presented age, sex and BMI difference. We found the relationship of Trs11674595Ars4851527 (OR = 0.80, p = 0.015), Crs11674595Grs4851527 (OR = 1.22, p = 0.043) and Ars3218977Grs2072472 (OR = 1.25, p = 0.022) haplotypes to osteoporosis occurrence, and a potential accumulated effect of IL-1R2 SNPs (testing accuracy = 0.5783 and CVC = 10/10) on osteoporosis susceptibility.Conclusion: IL-1R2 polymorphisms (rs11674595, rs4851527, rs2072472 and rs3218977) might contribute to osteoporosis risk among the Chinese Han population. Our finding may increase our understanding of the effects of IL-1R2 polymorphisms on the predisposition of osteoporosis.

In search for polymorphic DNA markers to increase resistance and production level of hens

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
I. I. Kochish ◽  
◽  
О. V. Myasnikova ◽  
V. V. Martynov ◽  
V. I. Smolensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
The Relationship

In the article, the authors assess the prospect of using genetic polymorphisms to predict resistance to diseases and a possible enlarge in chicken production level. Using the PCR-RFLP method, we analyzed the SNP frequencies in the genes of myostatin (MSTN, or GDF-8), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) in chickens of the pure lines of the Smena-8 broiler hybreed – B6, B7m / o (slow-feathering), B7b / o (fast-fledging) FSBI "Breeding and Genetic Center “Smena”. The relationship between the studied single nucleotide polymorphisms and the productive traits of chickens was determined. The assessment of the possibilities of using polymorphisms to increase the resistance and productivity of linear birds.

scholarly journals Variation of genes encoding KAT1, AADAT and IDO1 as a potential risk of depression development

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Wigner ◽  
Piotr Czarny ◽  
Ewelina Synowiec ◽  
Michał Bijak ◽  
Monika Talarowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolites ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground:Numerous data suggests that the disorders of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) pathway, including a decreased level of tryptophan or evaluated concentration of harmful TRYCATs −kynurenine, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxytryptophan − may cause the occurrence of DD symptoms. In this work, we assessed the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KAT1, KAT2 and IDO1 gene encoding, and the risk of depression development. Our study was performed on the DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 281 depressed patients and 236 controls. We genotyped, by using TaqMan probes, four polymorphisms: c.*456G > A of KAT1 (rs10988134), c.975-7T > C of AADAT (rs1480544), c.-1849C > A (rs3824259) and c.-1493G > C(rs10089084)of IDO1. We found that only the A/A genotype of c.*456G > A − KAT1 (rs10988134) increased the risk of depression occurrence. Interestingly, when we stratified the study group according to gender, this relationship was present only in male population. However, a gene–gene analysis revealed a link between the T/T-C/C genotype of c.975-7T > C − AADAT (rs1480544)or c.-1493G > C − IDO1 (rs10089084) and C/C-C/A genotype of c.975-7T > C − AADAT (rs1480544)and c. −1849C > A − IDO1 (rs3824259) and the disease. Moreover, we found, that the c.975-7T > C − AADAT and c. *456G > A KAT1 (rs10988134) polymorphisms may modulate the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy. Concluding, our results confirm the hypothesis formulated in our recently published article that the SNPs of genes involved in TRYCATs pathway may modulate the risk of depression. This provides some further evidence that the pathway plays the crucial role in development of the disease.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhou ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Yinyin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Ga Content

In tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content—regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, Colletotrichum camelliae and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants.

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