scholarly journals Trophoblast glycoprotein is a new candidate gene for Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Park ◽  
Jeong-Eun Yoo ◽  
Gyu-Bum Yeon ◽  
Jin Hee Kim ◽  
Jae Souk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by progressive degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Despite intense research efforts over the past decades, the etiology of PD remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered the involvement of trophoblast glycoprotein (Tpbg) in the development of PD-like phenotypes in mice. Tpbg expression was detected in the ventral midbrain during embryonic development and in mDA neurons in adulthood. Genetic ablation of Tpbg resulted in mild degeneration of mDA neurons in aged mice (12–14 months) with behavioral deficits reminiscent of PD symptoms. Through in silico analysis, we predicted potential TPBG-interacting partners whose functions were relevant to PD pathogenesis; this result was substantiated by transcriptomic analysis of the SNc of aged Tpbg knockout mice. These findings suggest that Tpbg is a new candidate gene associated with PD and provide a new insight into PD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and therapeutic evidence of anti-inflammatory drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taysa Bervian Bassani ◽  
Maria A.B.F. Vital ◽  
Laryssa K. Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 1.6% of the population over 60 years old. The cardinal motor symptoms are the result of progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons which are involved in the fine motor control. Currently, there is no cure for this pathology and the cause of the neurodegeneration remains unknown. Several studies suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD as well as a protective effect of anti-inflammatory drugs both in animal models and epidemiological studies, although there are controversial reports. In this review, we address evidences of involvement of inflammatory process and possible therapeutic usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs in PD.

MODELING OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXINS (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
O. I. Kulikova ◽  
T. N. Fedorova ◽  
V. S. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Neuroprotective Drugs ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Scientific Value

In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to disability of patients and large financial costs of the treatment and rehabilitation. In this regard, the understanding of the environmental factors causing this disease, the development of adequate experimental models for studying its pathogenesis, and the search for strategies to prevent its development, as well as possible neuroprotective drugs, have fundamental scientific value. Although some researchers believe that genetic mutations and aging of the population are the main factors for the development of PD, a lot of studies have shown that PD may be caused by exposure to a number of toxins which enter the body from the environment. This review discusses the main toxic substances that cause the development of PD and, therefore, are used to model this disease in animals and cell cultures, as well as the mechanisms of action of neurotoxins, and the advantages and disadvantages of specific models.

scholarly journals Circadian rhythms, Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Story of Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vallée ◽  
Yves Lecarpentier ◽  
Rémy Guillevin ◽  
Jean-Noël Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the main neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of neurons constituted by dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The etiologies of PD remain unclear. Aging is the main risk factor for PD. Aging could dysregulate molecular pathways controlling cell homeostatic mechanisms. PD cells are the sites of several metabolic abnormalities including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic structures are driven by circadian rhythms. Biologic rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and controlling several physiological pathways. Recent findings have shown that the dysregulation of the circadian rhythms is correlated with PD and its metabolic dysregulations. This review is focused on the key role of circadian rhythms and their impact on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Metabolomics and In-Silico Analysis Reveal Critical Energy Deregulations in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e69146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre O. Poliquin ◽  
Jingkui Chen ◽  
Mathieu Cloutier ◽  
Louis-Éric Trudeau ◽  
Mario Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Silico Analysis

scholarly journals Purified anacardic acids exert multiple neuroprotective effects in pesticide model of Parkinson's disease: in vivo and in silico analysis

IUBMB Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1765-1779
Author(s):  
Ricielle L. Augusto ◽  
Ingrid P. Mendonça ◽  
Gabriel N. Albuquerque Rego ◽  
Danielle D. Pereira ◽  
Lílian V. Penha Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Anacardic Acids ◽  
Silico Analysis

Peripheral Immunity, Immunoaging and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 3719-3753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Kustrimovic ◽  
Franca Marino ◽  
Marco Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Immune Challenges

:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder among elderly population, characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. To date, exact cause remains unknown and the mechanism of neurons death uncertain. It is typically considered as a disease of central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, numerous evidence has been accumulated in several past years testifying undoubtedly about the principal role of neuroinflammation in progression of PD. Neuroinflammation is mainly associated with presence of activated microglia in brain and elevated levels of cytokine levels in CNS. Nevertheless, active participation of immune system as well has been noted, such as, elevated levels of cytokine levels in blood, the presence of auto antibodies, and the infiltration of T cell in CNS. Moreover, infiltration and reactivation of those T cells could exacerbate neuroinflammation to greater neurotoxic levels. Hence, peripheral inflammation is able to prime microglia into pro-inflammatory phenotype, which can trigger stronger response in CNS further perpetuating the on-going neurodegenerative process.:In the present review, the interplay between neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune response in the pathobiology of PD will be discussed. First of all, an overview of regulation of microglial activation and neuroinflammation is summarized and discussed. Afterwards, we try to collectively analyze changes that occurs in peripheral immune system of PD patients, suggesting that these peripheral immune challenges can exacerbate the process of neuroinflammation and hence the symptoms of the disease. In the end, we summarize some of proposed immunotherapies for treatment of PD.

The mechanistic role of thymoquinone in Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Najim Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Injamul Hoq ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Chayan Dhar Clinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Movement Difficulties

: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, thereby protects neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies have been remained to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.

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