scholarly journals Deep learning enhanced individual nuclear-spin detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghoon Jung ◽  
M. H. Abobeih ◽  
Jiwon Yun ◽  
Gyeonghun Kim ◽  
Hyunseok Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Spin Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe detection of nuclear spins using individual electron spins has enabled diverse opportunities in quantum sensing and quantum information processing. Proof-of-principle experiments have demonstrated atomic-scale imaging of nuclear-spin samples and controlled multi-qubit registers. However, to image more complex samples and to realize larger-scale quantum processors, computerized methods that efficiently and automatically characterize spin systems are required. Here, we realize a deep learning model for automatic identification of nuclear spins using the electron spin of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as a sensor. Based on neural network algorithms, we develop noise recovery procedures and training sequences for highly non-linear spectra. We apply these methods to experimentally demonstrate the fast identification of 31 nuclear spins around a single NV center and accurately determine the hyperfine parameters. Our methods can be extended to larger spin systems and are applicable to a wide range of electron-nuclear interaction strengths. These results pave the way towards efficient imaging of complex spin samples and automatic characterization of large spin-qubit registers.

scholarly journals Algorithmic decomposition for efficient multiple nuclear spin detection in diamond

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunseok Oh ◽  
Jiwon Yun ◽  
M. H. Abobeih ◽  
Kyung-Hoon Jung ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Interaction ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Nuclear Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spin Detection

Abstract Efficiently detecting and characterizing individual spins in solid-state hosts is an essential step to expand the fields of quantum sensing and quantum information processing. While selective detection and control of a few 13C nuclear spins in diamond have been demonstrated using the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, a reliable, efficient, and automatic characterization method is desired. Here, we develop an automated algorithmic method for decomposing spectral data to identify and characterize multiple nuclear spins in diamond. We demonstrate efficient nuclear spin identification and accurate reproduction of hyperfine interaction components for both virtual and experimental nuclear spectroscopy data. We conduct a systematic analysis of this methodology and discuss the range of hyperfine interaction components of each nuclear spin that the method can efficiently detect. The result demonstrates a systematic approach that automatically detects nuclear spins with the aid of computational methods, facilitating the future scalability of devices.

Towards quantum networks of single spins: analysis of a quantum memory with an optical interface in diamond

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Blok ◽  
N. Kalb ◽  
A. Reiserer ◽  
T. H. Taminiau ◽  
R. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Quantum Repeater ◽  
Quantum Networks ◽  
Entanglement Generation ◽  
Quantum Bit ◽  
Single Defect ◽  
Coupling Parameters

Single defect centers in diamond have emerged as a powerful platform for quantum optics experiments and quantum information processing tasks. Connecting spatially separated nodes via optical photons into a quantum network will enable distributed quantum computing and long-range quantum communication. Initial experiments on trapped atoms and ions as well as defects in diamond have demonstrated entanglement between two nodes over several meters. To realize multi-node networks, additional quantum bit systems that store quantum states while new entanglement links are established are highly desirable. Such memories allow for entanglement distillation, purification and quantum repeater protocols that extend the size, speed and distance of the network. However, to be effective, the memory must be robust against the entanglement generation protocol, which typically must be repeated many times. Here we evaluate the prospects of using carbon nuclear spins in diamond as quantum memories that are compatible with quantum networks based on single nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond. We present a theoretical framework to describe the dephasing of the nuclear spins under repeated generation of NV spin-photon entanglement and show that quantum states can be stored during hundreds of repetitions using typical experimental coupling parameters. This result demonstrates that nuclear spins with weak hyperfine couplings are promising quantum memories for quantum networks.

Quantum-entanglement storage and extraction in quantum network node

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhuoYu Shan ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Quantum Network ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Nv Centers

Quantum computing and quantum communication have become the most popular research topic. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been shown the great advantage of implementing quantum information processing. The generation of entanglement between NV centers represents a fundamental prerequisite for all quantum information technologies. In this paper, we propose a scheme to realize the high-fidelity storage and extraction of quantum entanglement information based on the NV centers at room temperature. We store the entangled information of a pair of entangled photons in the Bell state into the nuclear spins of two NV centers, which can make these two NV centers entangled. And then we illuminate how to extract the entangled information from NV centers to prepare on-demand entangled states for optical quantum information processing. The strategy of engineering entanglement demonstrated here maybe pave the way towards a NV center-based quantum network.

scholarly journals Entanglement of dark electron-nuclear spin defects in diamond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Degen ◽  
S. J. H. Loenen ◽  
H. P. Bartling ◽  
C. E. Bradley ◽  
A. L. Meinsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spin ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Jahn Teller ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Projective Measurements

AbstractA promising approach for multi-qubit quantum registers is to use optically addressable spins to control multiple dark electron-spin defects in the environment. While recent experiments have observed signatures of coherent interactions with such dark spins, it is an open challenge to realize the individual control required for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the heralded initialisation, control and entanglement of individual dark spins associated to multiple P1 centers, which are part of a spin bath surrounding a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. We realize projective measurements to prepare the multiple degrees of freedom of P1 centers—their Jahn-Teller axis, nuclear spin and charge state—and exploit these to selectively access multiple P1s in the bath. We develop control and single-shot readout of the nuclear and electron spin, and use this to demonstrate an entangled state of two P1 centers. These results provide a proof-of-principle towards using dark electron-nuclear spin defects as qubits for quantum sensing, computation and networks.

scholarly journals Atomic-scale magnetometry of distant nuclear spin clusters via nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Jian-Liang Hu ◽  
Sai-Wah Ho ◽  
Jones T. K. Wan ◽  
R. B. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Spin Clusters

scholarly journals Hyperfine Interactions in the NV-13C Quantum Registers in Diamond Grown from the Azaadamantane Seed

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Nizovtsev ◽  
Aliaksandr L. Pushkarchuk ◽  
Sergei Ya. Kilin ◽  
Nikolai I. Kargin ◽  
Alexander S. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Hyperfine Interactions ◽  
Spin Systems ◽  
Diamond Growth ◽  
Color Centers ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Electronic Spin ◽  
Nv Center ◽  
Optically Detected

Nanostructured diamonds hosting optically active paramagnetic color centers (NV, SiV, GeV, etc.) and hyperfine-coupled with them quantum memory 13C nuclear spins situated in diamond lattice are currently of great interest to implement emerging quantum technologies (quantum information processing, quantum sensing and metrology). Current methods of creation such as electronic-nuclear spin systems are inherently probabilistic with respect to mutual location of color center electronic spin and 13C nuclear spins. A new bottom-up approach to fabricate such systems is to synthesize first chemically appropriate diamond-like organic molecules containing desired isotopic constituents in definite positions and then use them as a seed for diamond growth to produce macroscopic diamonds, subsequently creating vacancy-related color centers in them. In particular, diamonds incorporating coupled NV-13С spin systems (quantum registers) with specific mutual arrangements of NV and 13C can be obtained from anisotopic azaadamantane molecule. Here we predict the characteristics of hyperfine interactions (hfi) for the NV-13C systems in diamonds grown from various isotopically substituted azaadamantane molecules differing in 13C position in the seed, as well as the orientation of the NV center in the post-obtained diamond. We used the spatial and hfi data simulated earlier for the H-terminated cluster C510[NV]-H252. The data obtained can be used to identify (and correlate with the seed used) the specific NV-13C spin system by measuring, e.g., the hfi-induced splitting of the mS = ±1 sublevels of the NV center in optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra being characteristic for various NV-13C systems.

scholarly journals Atomic Scale Magnetic Sensing and Imaging Based on Diamond NV Centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongwon Lee ◽  
Jungbae Yoon ◽  
Donghun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Spin Coherence ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
Nv Center

The development of magnetic sensors simultaneously satisfying high magnetic sensitivity and high spatial resolution becomes more important in a wide range of fields including solid-state physics and life science. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising candidate to realize nanometer-scale magnetometry due to its excellent spin coherence properties, magnetic field sensitivity, atomic-scale size and versatile operation condition. Recent experiments successfully demonstrate the use of NV center in various sensing and imaging applications. In this chapter, we review the basic sensing mechanisms of the NV center and introduce imaging applications based on scanning magnetometry and wide field-of-view optics.

scholarly journals Quantum control in spintronics

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1948) ◽  
pp. 3229-3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ardavan ◽  
G. A. D. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Control ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Electron Spins ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Holographic Storage ◽  
New Era ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

Superposition and entanglement are uniquely quantum phenomena. Superposition incorporates a phase that contains information surpassing any classical mixture. Entanglement offers correlations between measurements in quantum systems that are stronger than any that would be possible classically. These give quantum computing its spectacular potential, but the implications extend far beyond quantum information processing. Early applications may be found in entanglement-enhanced sensing and metrology. Quantum spins in condensed matter offer promising candidates for investigating and exploiting superposition and entanglement, and enormous progress is being made in quantum control of such systems. In gallium arsenide (GaAs), individual electron spins can be manipulated and measured, and singlet–triplet states can be controlled in double-dot structures. In silicon, individual electron spins can be detected by ionization of phosphorus donors, and information can be transferred from electron spins to nuclear spins to provide long memory times. Electron and nuclear spins can be manipulated in nitrogen atoms incarcerated in fullerene molecules, which in turn can be assembled in ordered arrays. Spin states of charged nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond can be manipulated and read optically. Collective spin states in a range of materials systems offer scope for holographic storage of information. Conditions are now excellent for implementing superposition and entanglement in spintronic devices, thereby opening up a new era of quantum technologies.

scholarly journals Modulation of nitrogen vacancy charge state and fluorescence in nanodiamonds using electrochemical potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (15) ◽  
pp. 3938-3943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Karaveli ◽  
Ophir Gaathon ◽  
Abraham Wolcott ◽  
Reyu Sakakibara ◽  
Or A. Shemesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrochemical Potentials ◽  
Nv Centers

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) center in diamond has attracted strong interest for a wide range of sensing and quantum information processing applications. To this end, recent work has focused on controlling the NV charge state, whose stability strongly depends on its electrostatic environment. Here, we demonstrate that the charge state and fluorescence dynamics of single NV centers in nanodiamonds with different surface terminations can be controlled by an externally applied potential difference in an electrochemical cell. The voltage dependence of the NV charge state can be used to stabilize the NV− state for spin-based sensing protocols and provides a method of charge state-dependent fluorescence sensing of electrochemical potentials. We detect clear NV fluorescence modulation for voltage changes down to 100 mV, with a single NV and down to 20 mV with multiple NV centers in a wide-field imaging mode. These results suggest that NV centers in nanodiamonds could enable parallel optical detection of biologically relevant electrochemical potentials.

Scanning tunneling microscopy of polymers: A status report

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
P.E. Russell ◽  
I.H. Musselman
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Wide Range

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has evolved rapidly in the past few years. Major developments have occurred in instrumentation, theory, and in a wide range of applications. In this paper, an overview of the application of STM and related techniques to polymers will be given, followed by a discussion of current research issues and prospects for future developments. The application of STM to polymers can be conveniently divided into the following subject areas: atomic scale imaging of uncoated polymer structures; topographic imaging and metrology of man-made polymer structures; and modification of polymer structures. Since many polymers are poor electrical conductors and hence unsuitable for use as a tunneling electrode, the related atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique which is capable of imaging both conductors and insulators has also been applied to polymers.The STM is well known for its high resolution capabilities in the x, y and z axes (Å in x andy and sub-Å in z). In addition to high resolution capabilities, the STM technique provides true three dimensional information in the constant current mode. In this mode, the STM tip is held at a fixed tunneling current (and a fixed bias voltage) and hence a fixed height above the sample surface while scanning across the sample surface.

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