scholarly journals Policy, toxicology and physicochemical considerations on the inhalation of high concentrations of food flavour

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Dinu ◽  
Azad Kilic ◽  
Qingqi Wang ◽  
Charfedinne Ayed ◽  
Abdulmannan Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Prior Approval ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Food flavour ingredients are required by law to obtain prior approval from regulatory bodies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in terms of toxicological data and intended use levels. However, there are no regulations for labelling the type and concentration of flavour additives on the product, primarily due to their low concentration in food and generally recognised as safe (GRAS) status determined by the flavour and extract manufacturers’ association (FEMA). Their status for use in e-cigarettes and other vaping products challenges these fundamental assumptions, because their concentration can be over ten-thousand times higher than in food, and the method of administration is through inhalation, which is currently not evaluated by the FEMA expert panel. This work provides a review of some common flavour ingredients used in food and vaping products, their product concentrations, inhalation toxicity and aroma interactions reported with different biological substrates. We have identified several studies, which suggest that the high concentrations of flavour through inhalation may pose a serious health threat, especially in terms of their cytotoxicity. As a result of the wide range of possible protein-aroma interactions reported in our diet and metabolism, including links to several non-communicable diseases, we suggest that it is instrumental to update current flavour- labelling regulations, and support new strategies of understanding the effects of flavour uptake on the digestive and respiratory systems, in order to prevent the onset of future non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The mortality due to COVID-19 in different nations is associated with the demographic character of nations and the prevalence of autoimmunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bithika Chatterjee ◽  
Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar ◽  
Shekhar C. Mande
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

AbstractIn the first few months of its deadly spread across the world, Covid-19 mortality has exhibited a wide range of variability across different nations. In order to explain this phenomenon empirically, we have taken into consideration all publicly available data for 106 countries on parameters like demography, prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, BCG vaccination status, sanitation parameters etc. We ran multivariate linear regression models to find that the incidence of communicable diseases correlated negatively while demography, improved hygiene and higher incidence of autoimmune disorders correlated positively with Covid-19 mortality and were among the most plausible factors to explain Covid-19 mortality as compared to the GDP of the nations.

Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Medication Use Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: An Analysis of Country-Wide Data from the Sijilli Electronic Health Records Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Saleh ◽  
Lina Abdouni ◽  
Hani Dimassi ◽  
Dana Nabulsi ◽  
Ranime Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electronic Health

Abstract Background Globally, the number of forcibly displaced individuals has reached 70.8 million. Lebanon, a middle income country, hosts the highest number of refugees per capita worldwide. The majority of refugees are Syrians who have fled the Syrian war that started in 2011. The migration journey exposes refugees to increased susceptibility to a wide range of medical issues including non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aims to determine the prevalence of NCDs among adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon, with a focus on hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. The study also aims to explore factors potentially related to the prevalence figures and understand the medication use associated with these morbidities. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of de-identified data from the “Sijilli Electronic Health Records for Refugees” Database comprising data on 10,082 Syrian refugees from across informal tented settlements located all over Lebanon. A total of 3,255 records of Syrian refugees aged above 18 years old and reporting having at least one condition of the following were included in the analysis: hypertension, diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases or cancer. Pearson’s Chi-square, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results Hypertension was the most prevalent (10.0%) NCD among refugees, and a higher age was associated with higher NCDs prevalence. A strong linkage has been reported between smoking status and alcohol intake, and increased risk for NCDs. Study findings also revealed that the highest prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVDs was observed among refugees originating from Idlib, Aleppo and Homs. An association between adherence to medication and location of diagnosis was noted, with females who were diagnosed before moving to Lebanon being more likely to take corresponding medications compared to those diagnosed in Lebanon, with no difference reported among males. Conclusions Our findings suggest that efforts should be directed towards the employment of innovative low-cost approaches for NCD detection and control among refugees, with a focus on the importance of adherence to medication. Such efforts remain imperative to control the increasing burden of NCDs amongst refugee populations and improve equitable access to NCD services.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON AYURVEDA CONCEPTS ON THE REGIMEN OF FOOD AND DRINK CONSUMPTION

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3229-3236
Author(s):  
Nanayakkara Vidanagamage Yasangi Diloopa ◽  
Edirimuni Rodrigo Hathishiya Sujatha Silva Ediriweera
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Determinant Factor

This is a review conducted with the objectives of evolving the concepts of the regimens of the food consumption according to the Ayurveda. In comparison to the past decades, non communicable diseases are a burden to the present society. Non-healthy patterns and practices of the food consumption are proven as a major determinant factor to increase the non-communicable diseases. This has been proven by various studies. Hence, it is important to identify the healthy pattern and practices of food consumption. This review is based on the textual references in relation to Ayurveda medicine and journal articles. Ayurveda medicine which provided wide range of spectrum in food consumption, fulfilled with wholesome and non wholesome way of arrangement in the kitchen, qualities of the person who prepares the meals, methods of preparing meals, methods of offering the meal, way of selecting the meal, determining the quantity of food that is liable to be consumed, proper time for consuming food, things that should and should not be done before and after consuming meals, codes and ethics during the food consumption with conceptual justification based on the Ayurveda medicine. Some of these facts are proven by the modern science also. This knowledge can be utilized as a solution for the prevailing health burden in non-communicable diseases with a more advanced and scientific way.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutritional profiles: a novel system based on a comprehensive approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Visioli ◽  
Andrea Poli ◽  
Andrea Peracino ◽  
Livio Luzi ◽  
Carlo Cannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
On Line ◽  
Nutritional Profiles ◽  
Main Meals

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (for example, cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes and cancer) is rampant in Western societies, accounting for approximately 60 % of all causes of death. A large proportion of non-communicable diseases can be prevented through appropriate diets and lifestyles. Accordingly, several health authorities and regulatory bodies are assessing the nutritional profiles of food items and whole diets, to implement guidelines aimed at improving the diet of the general population. While a global approach is desirable, the need of individuals to maintain their distinct dietary habits must also be taken into account. The portion sizes of food as well as pattern of food consumption, for example during or between the main meals, are very important in determining the nutritional profile of a diet. A novel method to assess the nutritional profile of foods is being proposed and made available on-line. Its main innovative aspects are (1) the comprehensive manner with which the system analyses and computes a great range of features of individual food items and (2) the distinction among eating occasions, namely during or in-between the main meals. Moreover, this approach allows for rapid modification and great flexibility to suit individual needs and gastronomic habits.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Threat for Survival of Obese People-A Review Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Dr. Meena Wadhwani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Abstract: Obesity is a condition that increases the possibility of developing a wide range of non-communicable diseases and as a serious consequence, also promotes the chances of being suffered by deadly infectious diseases. This is most clearly noticeable in the pandemic situation of global spread of the COVID-19. Obesity is considered as an access to various non-communicable diseases as well as mental-health illness and in present scenario it has been found to be a key factor in COVID-19 complications and mortality. Further, obesity has been identified as a major comorbity in patients with asthmatic disorders which also proves it as a risk factor for more serious corona virus disease. Obesity has been recognized as a disease in its own right as well as a risk factor for other health issues including significantly worsening the outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Keywords: Obesity, COVID-19, Pandemic, Comorbity.

scholarly journals Migrant Communities at the Center in Co-design of Health Literacy-Based Innovative Solutions for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Risk Reduction: Application of the OPtimising HEalth LIteracy and Access (Ophelia) Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Dias ◽  
Ana Gama ◽  
Ana Catarina Maia ◽  
Maria J. Marques ◽  
Adalberto Campos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Service Engagement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Migrant Groups

The drivers of high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) among migrants are well-documented. Health literacy is regarded as a potential tool to reduce health inequalities and improve migrant's access to and quality of health care. Yet, little is known about the health literacy needs among these groups and how to address them. This paper outlines the protocol for a migrant community-based co-design project that seeks to optimize health literacy, health promotion, and social cohesion in support of prevention of NCDs among migrants in Lisbon using the OPtismizing HEalth LIteracy and Access (Ophelia) process. This participatory implementation research project starts with a mixed-methods needs assessment covering health literacy strengths, weaknesses and needs of migrants, and local data about determinants of health behaviors, service engagement, and organizational responsiveness. Diverse migrant groups will be engaged and surveyed using the Health Literacy Questionnaire and questions on sociodemographic and economic characteristics, health status, use of health services, and perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews with migrants will also be conducted. Based on data collected, vignettes will be developed representing typical persons with diverse health literacy profiles. Migrants and stakeholders will participate in ideas generation workshops for depth co-creation discussions in simulated real-world situations based on the vignettes, to design health literacy-based multisectoral interventions. Selected interventions will be piloted through quality improvement cycles to ensure ongoing local refinements and ownership development. Through a genuine engagement, the project will evaluate the uptake, effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions. This protocol takes a grounded approach to produce evidence on real health literacy needs from the perspective of key stakeholders, especially migrants, and embodies strong potential for effective knowledge translation into innovative, locally relevant, culturally and context congruent solutions for prevention of NCDs among migrants. Given the diverse communities engaged, this protocol will likely be adaptable to other migrant groups in a wide range of contexts, particularly in European countries. The scale-up of interventions to similar contexts and populations will provide much needed evidence on how health literacy interventions can be developed and applied to reduce health inequality and improve health in diverse communities.

Adipositasprävention und non-communicable diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
M. Braun ◽  
J. Ried
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health Assembly

ZusammenfassungDie 65. World Health Assembly hat die Bekämpfung nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten in den Mittelpunkt globaler Aufmerksamkeit und Aktivität gerückt. Da Übergewicht bzw. Adipositas wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen erheblichen Teil dieser Erkrankungen darstellen, kommt damit der Prävention (aber auch der Therapie) erhöhten Körpergewichtes in der Programmatik der WHO besondere Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig führen die hochgesteckten Ziele der WHO in das fundamentale Dilemma, dass es keine Instrumente gibt, die angestrebten Prävalenz- und Reduktionsraten im vorgegebenen Zeitrahmen zu erreichen. Daraus ergeben sich eine Reihe ethischer und sozialer Fragen, unter anderem nach dem zu Grunde gelegten Modell der Adipositas und den impliziten und expliziten Verantwortlichkeiten für ihre Bekämpfung.

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