scholarly journals Non-uniform tropical forest responses to the ‘Columbian Exchange’ in the Neotropics and Asia-Pacific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hamilton ◽  
Jesse Wolfhagen ◽  
Noel Amano ◽  
Nicole Boivin ◽  
David Max Findley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Biophysical Process ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Columbian Exchange ◽  
Tropical Landscape

AbstractIt has been suggested that Iberian arrival in the Americas in 1492 and subsequent dramatic depopulation led to forest regrowth that had global impacts on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and surface temperatures. Despite tropical forests representing the most important terrestrial carbon stock globally, systematic examination of historical afforestation in these habitats in the Neotropics is lacking. Additionally, there has been no assessment of similar depopulation–afforestation dynamics in other parts of the global tropics that were incorporated into the Spanish Empire. Here, we compile and semi-quantitatively analyse pollen records from the regions claimed by the Spanish in the Atlantic and Pacific to provide pan-tropical insights into European colonial impacts on forest dynamics. Our results suggest that periods of afforestation over the past millennium varied across space and time and depended on social, economic and biogeographic contexts. We argue that this reveals the unequal and divergent origins of the Anthropocene as a socio-political and biophysical process, highlighting the need for higher-resolution, targeted analyses to fully elucidate pre-colonial and colonial era human–tropical landscape interactions.

Mineral Extraction and Political Ruptures in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Political Struggles

Strategies for controlling mineral wealth continue to profoundly shape modern political affairs in Zimbabwe, building on colonial-era legacies. Minerals symbolize diverse social, economic, and political struggles. The imagined capacity of minerals to generate economic and social transformation has often been at the heart of debates over mining. Simultaneously, debates on ‘resource curses’ have pointed to the dynamics of elite political capture and the use of minerals to secure political survival. Challenging ‘governance failure’ frames, this chapter discusses some of the ways in which state power was reconfigured in response to the rising importance of minerals in the 2000s, and how narratives of ‘illegality,’ ‘empowerment’, and the ‘resource curse’ were used controversially to justify policy turns and new systems for controlling mineral wealth. Examining articulations of continuities and strategic ruptures with the past, the chapter discusses contested consequences and interpretations around injustices experienced in mining areas and society more broadly.

“Traditional Music Weeps” and Other Themes in the Discourse on Music, Dance and Theatre of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Kartomi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Agendas ◽  
Cross Fertilization

One of the most remarkable features of the past twenty years of scholarship on the Southeast Asian performing arts has been the sparking off of ideas between Southeast Asian-born scholars, whether trained in Southeast Asian universities or overseas, and Western scholars of the Southeast arts who live in North America, Australia, Europe, Japan and elsewhere. In colonial Indonesia (until 1945) and Malaysia (until 1957), research agendas of Dutch and British scholars respectively had complied with the social, economic and political priorities of the colonial powers and associated local court-centred artistic interests, though not always consciously. In Thailand, which was the only country in the region not to be colonized by a European power, Thai scholars had been actively researching their own court performing arts in the late colonial era but were nevertheless influenced by the colonial ethos of the region. In the past twenty years or so, the developing dialogue and contradictions between Southeast Asian and foreign scholars, each with their own partly distinctive assumptions and methodologies based on the priorities of their respective traditions and governments, have resulted in a healthy divergence, convergence, and cross-fertilization of ideas.

scholarly journals The Effect of Service Quality on Satisfaction apropos Service Recipients of Divisional Secretariats in Colombo District in Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Nayanananda Nilwala ◽  
Kennedy Gunawardana ◽  
R. S. Lalitha Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past

A vast array of knowledge has been accumulated on the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, particularly with a large number of studies over the past few years. However, the effect of service quality on satisfaction of service recipients in Divisional Secretariats in the Public Sector is relatively an unattended area by researchers. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of service quality on satisfaction of service recipients of divisional secretariats. This particular organization was selected for the study as it is considered to be the most significant service provider in terms of statutory, social, economic and development in the country. A questionnaire survey and personal interviews were conducted to collect data by using the purposive sampling method. A modified questionnaire was prepared based on SERVQUAL instruments with two additional questions. A sample of 520 service recipients from 13 Divisional Secretariats in Colombo was drawn and it was represented by 40 from each division. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the relative impact of the service quality on satisfaction of service recipients. The study revealed that all the service quality attributes positively related to satisfaction of the service recipients. The findings of the study show that satisfaction of service recipients in terms of service quality has not met the expected level, which a divisional secretariat is deemed to provide for. 

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Matthew D. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the analysis of time experience and futuremaking through historical case studies in colonial Mexico. Colonial Mexico developed a culture of innovation, human aspiration, and futuremaking that was subsequently forgotten in part because it did not fit with later definitions of modernity and innovation as secular phenomena and things untethered to the past or tradition. This choice of historical method and topics is driven by a desire to step outside some of the dominant paradigms in the study of Latin America and colonialism in general. Examining the relationship between past, present, and future offers a way to reconsider Mexico's colonial era, its subsequent historical development, and how people have understood that history.

scholarly journals PEREMPUAN SUNDA DAN PELACURAN DI ZAMAN KOLONIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Gani Ahmad Jaelani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to analyze the relationship between Sundanese women and prostitution practices in the colonial era. The emphasis on Sundanese women is derived from the abundance of news reporting that they resort to prostitution because of the inherent vice, such as laziness and fondness of luxury. This view, mostly through European eyes, puts women, especially Sundanese women, into such a predicament. Therefore, there are three main concerns to discuss in this article. First, it analyses European reports on Sundanese women and their relation with prostitution. Second, it shows the complexity of the practice of prostitution in a colonial country. Last, it discusses that prostitution is enabled by other material conditions such as urban development. It is important to note that the association with immorality on a certain ethnic group has always been rooted from the past. In addition, it reinforces that the assumption that prostitution is merely women’s issue can no longer be held onto.  

Women and the Judiciary in the Asia-Pacific

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Core Part

Courts can play an important role in addressing issues of inequality, discrimination and gender injustice for women. The feminisation of the judiciary – both in its thin meaning of women's entrance into the profession, as well as its thicker forms of realising gender justice – is a core part of the agenda for gender equality. This volume acknowledges both the diversity of meanings of the feminisation of the judiciary, as well as the complexity of the social and cultural realisation of gender equality. Containing original empirical studies, this book demonstrates the past and present challenges women face to entering the judiciary and progressing their career, as well as when and why they advocate for women's issues while on the bench. From stories of pioneering women to sector-wide institutional studies of the gender composition of the judiciary, this book reflects on the feminisation of the judiciary in the Asia-Pacific.

scholarly journals The dynamics of value system in 1998 and 2015: Longitudinal research in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sokola-Nazarenko ◽  
Kristine Martinsone ◽  
Sandra Mihailova ◽  
Jelena Levina ◽  
Karsa Elina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Value System ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Active Life

Values may change during life because a person obtains new life experience and competencies. In the past decade, many Latvian psychologists studied people's values and their connections with different factors like cultural, political, social, economic changes and other factors [1, 2, 3 and other]. Since 1994 Latvia has gone through different social-economic changes like crisis, economic growth, assumption to NATO and EU, and acceptation of euro currency. These changes can influence participants’ values. The aim was to conduct a comparative longitudinal research in individuals’ values in 1998 and 2015, at the beginning of their youth and then in adulthood, in order to answer the following questions: what values were in 1998 and 2015; what differences in values had appeared comparing 1998 and 2015 in same persons. Results showed that the most important values in 1998 and 2015 were “Family”, “Love”, “Responsibility”, “Honesty” and “Cheerfulness”. Significant changes appeared in “Health” that became significantly important in 2015 and replaced the importance of “Love”. Most achievable values in 1998 and 2015 were “The beauty of nature and art” and “Cognition” but in 2015 also “Active life” which replaced “Self-confidence” that was important in 1998. Significant changes appeared in “Self-confidence”, “Wisdom”, “Active life”, “Freedom”, “Interesting job”, “Learning” and “Friends” as well, where importance of some values increased and some decreased in 2015.

scholarly journals Archaeology, climate, and global change in the Age of Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8250-8253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Daniel H. Sandweiss
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Human Ecodynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shed Light

We live in an age characterized by increasing environmental, social, economic, and political uncertainty. Human societies face significant challenges, ranging from climate change to food security, biodiversity declines and extinction, and political instability. In response, scientists, policy makers, and the general public are seeking new interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approaches to evaluate and identify meaningful solutions to these global challenges. Underrecognized among these challenges is the disappearing record of past environmental change, which can be key to surviving the future. Historical sciences such as archaeology access the past to provide long-term perspectives on past human ecodynamics: the interaction between human social and cultural systems and climate and environment. Such studies shed light on how we arrived at the present day and help us search for sustainable trajectories toward the future. Here, we highlight contributions by archaeology—the study of the human past—to interdisciplinary research programs designed to evaluate current social and environmental challenges and contribute to solutions for the future. The past is a multimillennial experiment in human ecodynamics, and, together with our transdisciplinary colleagues, archaeology is well positioned to uncover the lessons of that experiment.

Party Patronage in Contemporary Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kopecký ◽  
Gerardo Scherlis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Politics ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments

Party patronage is generally associated with social, economic and political underdevelopment, and is hence seen as largely irrelevant in the context of contemporary European politics. In this article, we argue to the contrary, proposing that patronage reappears on the stage of European politics as a critical organizational and governmental resource employed by political parties to enhance their standing as semi-state agencies of government. In order to illustrate our main contention, we first define party patronage, disentangling it from other notions of political particularism that are often used synonymously in the literature. Second, we provide a brief overview of the literature on the past and present of patronage practices in Europe, arguing that rather than declining, patronage is still likely to be a relevant feature of contemporary party politics in Europe. Finally, we analyse the role of party patronage in the light of recent developments in several European countries, identifying three distinct patterns of patronage practices in the region.

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