The transcriptome of potato tuber phellogen reveals cellular functions of cork cambium and genes involved in periderm formation and maturation

The carbon-replica technique can be used to obtain information about cell-surface structure that cannot ordinarily be obtained by thin-section techniques. Mammalian erythrocytes have been studied by the replica technique and they appear to be characterized by a pebbly or “plaqued“ surface texture. The characteristic “particle” diameter is about 200 Å to 400 Å. We have now extended our observations on cell-surface structure to chicken and frog erythrocytes, which possess a broad range of cellular functions, and to normal rat lymphocytes and mouse ascites tumor cells, which are capable of cell division. In these experiments fresh cells were washed in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium Salt Solution (for suspension cultures) and one volume of a 10% cell suspension was added to one volume of 2% OsO4 or 5% gluteraldehyde in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Carbon replicas were obtained by a technique similar to that employed by Glaeser et al. Figure 1 shows an electron micrograph of a carbon replica made from a chicken erythrocyte, and Figure 2 shows an enlarged portion of the same cell.

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Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122496 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 418-419

Author(s):

D. L. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Living Cells ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Macromolecular Assemblies ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Yield Information ◽

Full Knowledge ◽

Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

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Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116620 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 600-601

Author(s):

John C. Garancis ◽

Robert O. Hussa ◽

Michael T. Story ◽

Donald Yorde ◽

Roland A. Pattillo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Culture Fluid ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Human Trophoblast ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Marked Activity ◽

Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

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Signal-regulated oxidation of proteins via MICAL

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190866 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 613-620

Author(s):

Clara Ortegón Salas ◽

Katharina Schneider ◽

Christopher Horst Lillig ◽

Manuela Gellert

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cell Death ◽

Redox Regulation ◽

Signal Transduction Pathways ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Intracellular Signals ◽

Amino Acid Side Chains ◽

Specific Receptors ◽

Sulfur Containing

Processing of and responding to various signals is an essential cellular function that influences survival, homeostasis, development, and cell death. Extra- or intracellular signals are perceived via specific receptors and transduced in a particular signalling pathway that results in a precise response. Reversible post-translational redox modifications of cysteinyl and methionyl residues have been characterised in countless signal transduction pathways. Due to the low reactivity of most sulfur-containing amino acid side chains with hydrogen peroxide, for instance, and also to ensure specificity, redox signalling requires catalysis, just like phosphorylation signalling requires kinases and phosphatases. While reducing enzymes of both cysteinyl- and methionyl-derivates have been characterised in great detail before, the discovery and characterisation of MICAL proteins evinced the first examples of specific oxidases in signal transduction. This article provides an overview of the functions of MICAL proteins in the redox regulation of cellular functions.

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Immunolocalization of extensin and potato tuber lectin in carrot, tomato and potato

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970411.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 708-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu-xia Li ◽

Allan M. Showalter

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber

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Receptor Mediated Binding of the Fibrinolytic Components, Plasminogen and Urokinase, to Peripheral Blood Cells

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646019 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (03) ◽

pp. 936-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Lindsey A Miles ◽

Edward F Plow

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Blood Cells ◽

High Capacity ◽

Red Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Fibrinolytic Proteins

SummaryGlu-plasminogen binds to platelets; the monocytoid line, U937, and the human fetal fibroblast line, GM1380 bind both plasminogen and its activator, urokinase. This study assesses the interaction of these fibrinolytic proteins with circulating human blood cells. Plasminogen bound minimally to red cells but bound saturably and reversibly to monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes with apparent Kd values of 0.9-1.4 μM. The interactions were of high capacity with 1.6 to 49 × 105 sites/cell and involved the lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Both T cells and non-rosetting lymphocytes and two B cell lines saturably bound plasminogen. Urokinase bound saturably to gianulocytes, monocytes, non-rosetting lymphocytes and a B cell line, but minimally to T cells, platelets and red cells. Therefore, plasminogen binding sites of high capacity, of similar affinities, and with common recognition specificities are expressed by many peripheral blood cells. Urokinase receptors are also widely distributed, but less so than plasminogen binding sites. The binding ol plasminogen and/ or urokinase to these cells may lead to generation of cell- associated proteolytic activity which contributes to a variety of cellular functions.

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TSH receptor-dependent cellular functions measured with the thyroid cell strain FRTL-5

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.120s194 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S194

Author(s):

B. E. WENZEL ◽

A. HEUFELDER ◽

T. MACKENROTH ◽

P. C. SCRIBA

Keyword(s):

Cell Strain ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Thyroid Cell ◽

Cellular Functions

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Identification of a Novel Signaling Molecule and Elucidation of Its Cellular Functions-Development of an Interface between Neuroscience and Oral Health Science-

Journal of Oral Biosciences ◽

10.2330/joralbiosci.49.244 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 244-258

Author(s):

Takashi Kanematsu ◽

Akiko Mizokami ◽

Miho Terunuma ◽

Hiroshi Takeuchi ◽

Masato Hirata

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Science ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Signaling Molecule

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Vitamin D3 and women's health

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/20795696.2019.1.190235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Iuliia E Dobrokhotova ◽

Ekaterina I Borovkova ◽

Sofya A Zalesskaya ◽

Victoria S Skalnaya ◽

Ivan M Borovkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Prophylactic Drug ◽

Drug Doses

Background. Vitamin D is an essential component that regulates calcium homeostasis and many other cellular functions. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with a risk of osteopenia, obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, malignant neoplasms and immune disorders. Inadequate vitamin D intake during pregnancy increases a risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight as well as it has a negative impact on both children’s and adolescents’ health. It is important for the clinician to be known administrating of vitamin D prophylactic and therapeutic regimens according to serum 25(OH)D levels. Aim. To determine causes and effects of vitamin D deficiency and to elaborate ways of their correction. Materials and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-15 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The article shows that vitamin D has a significant impact on both the cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive, respiratory and other systems functioning and perinatal outcomes that necessitates vitamin D deficiency correction. It provides schemes for effective therapeutic and prophylactic drug doses calculating depending on vitamin D3 blood serum concentration. Conclusion. Preference should be given to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) due to its better absorption properties and more efficient conversion to active vitamin metabolites (class IIC).

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