Wide-area low-energy surface stimulation of large mammalian ventricular tissue

Abstract The epicardial and endocardial surfaces of the heart are attractive targets to administer antiarrhythmic electrotherapies. Electrically stimulating wide areas of the surfaces of small mammalian ventricles is straightforward given the relatively small scale of their myocardial dimensions compared to the tissue space constant and electrical field. However, it has yet to be proven for larger mammalian hearts with tissue properties and ventricular dimensions closer to humans. Our goal was to address the feasibility and impact of wide-area electrical stimulation on the ventricular surfaces of large mammalian hearts at different stimulus strengths. This was accomplished by placing long line electrodes on the ventricular surfaces of pig hearts that span wide areas, and activating them individually. Stimulus efficacy was assessed and compared between surfaces, and tissue viability was evaluated. Activation time was dependent on stimulation strength and location, achieving uniform linear stimulation at 9x threshold strength. Endocardial stimulation activated more tissue transmurally than epicardial stimulation, which could be considered a potential target for future cardiac electrotherapies. Overall, our results indicate that electrically stimulating wide areas of the ventricular surfaces of large mammals is achievable with line electrodes, minimal tissue damage, and energies under the human pain threshold (100 mJ).

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Atlas of the Baltic languages: plant names of Slavonic origin

Acta Baltico-Slavica ◽

10.11649/abs.2013.034 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 499-513

Author(s):

Ilga Jansone ◽

Anna Stafecka

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Wide Area ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Centaurea Cyanus ◽

Plant Names ◽

The Baltic

Atlas of the Baltic Languages: Plant Names of Slavonic OriginThe article investigates Slavonic-derived plant names in dialects of the two surviving Baltic languages – Latvian and Lithuanian. Historically, these Slavonisms were originally adopted by small-scale regional dialects, which are now disappearing. In 2009, a pilot study for the Atlas of the Baltic Languages was published. It comprised 12 geo-linguistic maps with Latvian, Lithuanian and English commentaries. 2012 saw the publication, in CD format, of the Atlas’s first volume: Lexis 1: Flora. The material analysed concerns names for: (1) wild plants, e.g., cornflower, nettle, waybread, milfoil, dandelion, plantain; (2) cultivated plants, e.g., onion, potatoe, garlic, cucumber, Swedish turnip, [winter] wheat; (3) trees (juniper, hazel-tree, pear-tree, plum-tree, cherry-tree, etc.) and words related to a tree (top of the tree, cone, etc.).Borrowed plant names can generally be grouped as follows: 1. Common borrowings located in a wide area in Lithuania and used all over Eastern part of Latvia – the region of Latgale. These usually denote fruits and vegetables, e.g. the potatoe (Solanum tuberosum) – Latv. buļve and its variants, buļba and variants, uļbiks / Lith. bulvė and variants, bulbė and variants; or garlic – casnags, casnāgs and variants / Lith. česnākas, šešnākas and variants. 2. Common borrowings located in wide area in Lithuania and used in some subdialects in Latgale, e.g. Lith. vosilka / Lat. Vasilka ‘cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)’; Lith. kriváunykas and variants / Lat. kravavņiks and variants ‘yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)’. 3. Slavonisms whose origin differs in Latvian and in Lithuanian, e.g. Lat. klevers (< Russ. клевер, Bel. dialectal клéвер, клевiр / Lith. kaniušina < Bel. канюшына, Pol. koniczyna for ‘clover (Trifolium)’.The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, reflecting the language contacts, could be an important source for further investigation not only in Baltistics but also in Slavistics and Indo-European comparative linguistics.Атлас балтийских языков: названия растений славянского происхожденияВ статье рассматриваются названия растений славянского происхождения в диалектах единственнo живых балтийских языков – латышского и литовского. Исторически эти славянизмы были заимствованы региональными территориальными диалектами, которые в настоящее время исчезают. В 2009 г. был опубликован пилотный проект Атласа балтийских языков, включающий 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и английском языках. В 2012 г. первый том атласа: Атлас балтийских языков. Лексика I: Флора – был опубликован в формате CD. Связанную с растительним миром лексику представляют названия, обозначающие: 1) дикорастущие растения – например, василек, крапиву, подорожник, тысячелистник, одуванчик, 2) культурные растения – например, лук, картофель, репу, (зимнюю) пшеницу, и 3) деревья (можжевельник, орешник, грушу и др.), а также части деревьев (макушку дерева, шишку). В качестве основных групп заимствованных названий растений можно выделить: 1. Общие заимствования, которые встречаются в широком ареале в Литве и во всей восточной части Латвии – в Латгалии. Обычно это названия овощей и фруктов, например, картофеля (Solanum tuberosum) – лат. buļve и вар., buļba и вар., uļbiks / лит. bulve и вар., bulbe и вар., чеснока: лат. casnags, casnāgs и вар./ лит. česnākas, šešnākas и вар. 2. Общие заимствования, которые встречаются в широком ареале в Литве и в некоторых говорах Латгалии, например, лит. vosilka / лат. vasilka ‘вaсилёк (Centaurea cyanus)’, лит. kriváunykas и вар. / лат. kravavņiks и вар. ‘тысячелистник (Achillea millefolium L.)’. 3. Славянизмы несовпадающего проиcхождения в латышском и литовском языках, например, лат. klevers (< рус. kлевер, бел. диал. клéвер, клевiр) / лит. kaniušina < бел. kанюшына, поль. koniczyna ‘клевер (Trifolium)’. Атлас балтийских языков отражает языковые контакты и служит важным источником для дальнейших исследований не только в балтистике, но также в славистикe и индоевропейском сравнительном языкознании.

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Online Prediction of Transient Instability by Wide Area Measurement System

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i1.pp31-37 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Farhad Namdari ◽

Maryam Nourizadeh ◽

Mahmoodreza Shakarami

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Prediction Method ◽

Test System ◽

Least Square ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Wide Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Unknown Parameters ◽

Wide Area Measurement System ◽

Real Time Simulations

In this paper an online accurate prediction method is proposed to enhance the speed of Transactionient stability assessment. This method is the measurement basis technique resulted from wide area measurement systems (WAMS). In the proposed method, the generators with same dynamic behavior, referred as to coherent generators, are clustered as a same group and they can be considered as an equivalent bus. So the system will be reduced into a small scale system. The admittance matrix parameters of the reduced system can be identified with the least square algorithm. Then the trajectory prediction is performed by real-time simulations. Obtained results from simulations on New England test system show the high noticeable efficiency for performance of the proposed method, capable in predicting of the disturbed trajectory under existence of unknown parameters in grid structure..

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Establishing Disaster Medical Assistance Teams in Japan

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00007512 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 556-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Hisayoshi Kondo ◽

Yuichi Koido ◽

Kazuma Morino ◽

Masato Homma ◽

Yasuhiro Otomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Treatment ◽

Medical Care ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Wide Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Emergency Relief ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Medical Teams ◽

Care Capacity

AbstractIntroduction:The large number casualties caused by the 1995 Great Hanshin and Awaji Earthquake created a massive demand for medical care. However, as area hospitals also were damaged by the earthquake, they were unable to perform their usual functions. Therefore, the care capacity was reduced greatly. Thus, the needs to: (1) transport a large number of injured and ill people out of the disaster-affected area; and (2) dispatch medical teams to perform such wide-area transfers were clear. The need for trained medical teams to provide medical assistance also was made clear after the Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004. Therefore, the Japanese government decided to establish Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs), as “mobile, trained medical teams that rapidly can be deployed during the acute phase of a sudden-onset disaster”. Disaster Medical Assistance Teams have been established in much of Japan. The provision of emergency relief and medical care and the enhancement and promotion of DMATs for wide-area deployments during disasters were incorporated formally in the Basic Plan for Disaster Prevention in its July 2005 amendment.Results:The essential points pertaining to DMATs were summarized as a set of guidelines for DMAT deployment. These were based on the results of research funded by a Health and Labour Sciences research grant from the, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of the Ministry of Health. The guidelines define the basic procedures for DMAT activities—for example: (1) the activities are to be based on agreements concluded between prefectures and medical institutions during non-emergency times; and (2) deployment is based on requests from disaster-affected prefectures and the basic roles of prefectures and the MHLW. The guidelines also detail DMAT activities at the disaster scene of the, support from medical institutions, and transportation assistance including “wide-area” medical transport activities, such as medical treatment in staging care units and the implementation of medical treatment onboard aircraft.Conclusions:Japan's DMATs are small-scale units that are designed to be suitable for responding to the demands of acute emergencies. Further issues to be examined in relation to DMATs include expanding their application to all prefectures, and systems to facilitate continuous education and training.

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EXTRACTION OF SCATTERED SMALL-SCALE LANDSLIDES DISTRIBUTION BY OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION USING OPTICAL HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1213-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽

pp. 1213-1218

Author(s):

H. Hashiba ◽

M. Sonobe

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Image Interpretation ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Wide Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Superpixel Segmentation ◽

Long Duration ◽

High Resolution Satellite Images ◽

Landslide Event

Abstract. Continuous heavy rain for a long duration over mountainous terrain, where the elevation is relatively low and the topography is complex leads to multiple small-scale landslides over a wide area. Detailed investigations of small-scale landslides have been effectively carried out using optical high-resolution satellite images with spatial resolution of about 2 m or less. In this study, the sediment-related disaster caused by heavy rain in northern Kyushu, Japan that occurred in July 2017 was selected as a typical example of small-scale landslide. For this landslide event, the applicability of the conventional superpixel segmentation for landslide separation was examined. The applicability of the representative SLIC and SLICO methods in the superpixel segmentation method by image interpretation in the case of a large number of small-scale landslides in a wide area was assessed. These results suggest that in the case of such a disaster, segmentation by the SLICO method will be better. In addition, the set value of the area size for the area division was systematically examined from the distribution tendency of the average NDVI value in the divided area. It was shown that the landslide region can be extracted with relatively high accuracy by the land cover classification process by the NN method by using the appropriate region size examined by the SLICO method.

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Wide-area mapping of small-scale features in agricultural landscapes using airborne remote sensing

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ◽

10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.09.007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 165-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jerome O’Connell ◽

Ute Bradter ◽

Tim G. Benton

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Wide Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Airborne Remote Sensing

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Fish catch composition of selected small scale fishing gears used in the Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria

Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.17017/jfish.v5i1.2017.173 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽

Nkuene Gbenekanu Sinclair ◽

Henry Dienye

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wet Season ◽

Gill Net ◽

Long Line ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fishing Gears ◽

Fish Catch ◽

Catch Composition ◽

Rivers State

Fish catch composition of some selected small scale fishing gears (gill net, cast net, beach seine and long line) were investigated in Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria from August 2014 to January 2015. A total number of 25 fish species from 18 families were recorded during the study. The Mugilidae with only one species constituted the dominant family while Cichlidae, Lutjanidae, Clupeidae, had three species and Scianidae had two species of fish caught and the remaining families had one species each. Mugil cephalus constituted 28.48% of the total catches followed by C. nigrodigitatus (22.48%). In the dry season M. cephalus forms the major component landings (32.65%), followed by C. nigrodigitatus (26.53%) and S. galilaeus (12.24%) while in the wet season M. cephalus (31.06%), C. nigrodigitatus (18.63%) and T. zillii (11.80%) were the dominant fish species. Cast net was the most efficient fishing gear while gill net was the least efficient. The comparison analysis between the wet and dry seasons using t-test showed no significant difference between dry and wet seasons (t = 0.092, P > 0.05).

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Decentralized Overlay for Federation of Enterprise Clouds

Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-661-7.ch009 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 191-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ranjiv Ranjan ◽

Rajkumar Buyya

Keyword(s):

Peer To Peer ◽

Cloud Services ◽

Wide Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Multiple Control ◽

Seamless Integration ◽

Cloud Resource ◽

Application Programming ◽

Support Variety ◽

Execution Models

This chapter describes Aneka-Federation, a decentralized and distributed system that combines enterprise Clouds, overlay networking, and structured peer-to-peer techniques to create scalable wide-area networking of compute nodes for high-throughput computing. The Aneka-Federation integrates numerous small scale Aneka Enterprise Cloud services and nodes that are distributed over multiple control and enterprise domains as parts of a single coordinated resource leasing abstraction. The system is designed with the aim of making distributed enterprise Cloud resource integration and application programming flexible, efficient, and scalable. The system is engineered such that it: enables seamless integration of existing Aneka Enterprise Clouds as part of single wide-area resource leasing federation; self-organizes the system components based on a structured peer-to-peer routing methodology; and presents end-users with a distributed application composition environment that can support variety of programming and execution models. This chapter describes the design and implementation of a novel, extensible and decentralized peer-to-peer technique that helps to discover, connect and provision the services of Aneka Enterprise Clouds among the users who can use different programming models to compose their applications. Evaluations of the system with applications that are programmed using the Task and Thread execution models on top of an overlay of Aneka Enterprise Clouds have been described here.

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PENILAIAN JENIS MULTIGEAR PADA USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP SKALA KECIL DI PERAIRAN SUNGSANG KABUPATEN BANYUASIN SUMATERA SELATAN

Marine Fisheries Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management ◽

10.29244/jmf.9.2.183-197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

. Fauziyah ◽

Fitri Agustriani ◽

Bakti Satria ◽

Apriansyah Putra ◽

Welly Nailis

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Multiple Criteria ◽

Multiple Criteria Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

Long Line ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Quality Type ◽

Method Of Assessment

ABSTRACT Multigear has been commonly used in small-scale fishery activities in Sungsang waters. The aim of using the multigear is to enable the fishermen carry out their activities at every catching season. Inaccurate and inefficient use of the multigears are the concern that will present inefficiency or even conflict among the fishermen. Therefore the research was carried out with the objective to determine the best type of a multigear that will be used in the small scale fishery at Sungsang waters based on economic, productivity, social and biological aspects. Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA) is the method of assessment on the quality type of the multigear. The outcome of the research presented that the best quality type of the multigear is 1) the multigear type with the combination of trammel net and drift longline; 2) the multigear type with the combination of drift gillnet (mesh, 3 inches) and drift long line; 3) the multigear type with the combination of drift gillnet (mesh, 2 inches) and trammel nets. Key Words: MA analysis, small-scale fishery, the best quality multigear,ABSTRAKMultigear telah banyak digunakan pada usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Perairan Sungsang. Tujuan penggunaan multigear adalah dikarenakan agar nelayan dapat terus melakukan aktivitas penangkapan dalam setiap setiap musim penangkapan. Penggunaan multigear yang tidak tepat dan bijak, dikhawatirnya malah akan menimbulkan inefisiensi atau bahkan menimbulkan konflik antar nelayan. Oleh kerana itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan jenis multigear unggulan pada usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Perairan Sungsang berdasarkan aspek ekonomi, aspek produktivitas, aspek sosial, dan aspek biologi. Penilaian keunggulan jenis multigear menggunakan metoda Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis multigear unggulan adalah: 1) jenis multigear dangan kombinasi jaring udang dan rawai hanyut; 2) jenis multigear dangan kombinasi jaring insang hanyut (mesh, 3 inci) dengan rawai hanyut (umpan), dan 3) jenis multigear dengan kombinasi jaring insang hanyut (mesh, 2 inci) dan jaring udang. Kata kunci: MCA analysis, perikanan skala kecil, multigear unggulan

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Dimensioning of Wide-Area Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) System for IoT-Based Automation

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21186040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6040

Author(s):

Mushran Siddiqui ◽

Farhana Akther ◽

Gazi M. E. Rahman ◽

Mohammad Mamun Elahi ◽

Raqibul Mostafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Rice Production ◽

Wide Area ◽

External Control ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wetting And Drying ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Alternate Wetting And Drying

Water, one of the most valuable resources, is underutilized in irrigated rice production. The yield of rice, a staple food across the world, is highly dependent on having proper irrigation systems. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective irrigation method mainly used for irrigated rice production. However, unattended, manual, small-scale, and discrete implementations cannot achieve the maximum benefit of AWD. Automation of large-scale (over 1000 acres) implementation of AWD can be carried out using wide-area wireless sensor network (WSN). An automated AWD system requires three different WSNs: one for water level and environmental monitoring, one for monitoring of the irrigation system, and another for controlling the irrigation system. Integration of these three different WSNs requires proper dimensioning of the AWD edge elements (sensor and actuator nodes) to reduce the deployment cost and make it scalable. Besides field-level monitoring, the integration of external control parameters, such as real-time weather forecasts, plant physiological data, and input from farmers, can further enhance the performance of the automated AWD system. Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to interface the WSNs with external data sources. This research focuses on the dimensioning of the AWD system for the multilayer WSN integration and the required algorithms for the closed loop control of the irrigation system using IoT. Implementation of the AWD for 25,000 acres is shown as a possible use case. Plastic pipes are proposed as the means to transport and control proper distribution of water in the field, which significantly helps to reduce conveyance loss. This system utilizes 250 pumps, grouped into 10 clusters, to ensure equal water distribution amongst the users (field owners) in the wide area. The proposed automation algorithm handles the complexity of maintaining proper water pressure throughout the pipe network, scheduling the pump, and controlling the water outlets. Mathematical models are presented for proper dimensioning of the AWD. A low-power and long-range sensor node is developed due to the lack of cellular data coverage in rural areas, and its functionality is tested using an IoT platform for small-scale field trials.

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A Computational Approach Using Surface-Based Cohesive Behavior to Study Tissue Cutting With Rotation in Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy

2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference ◽

10.1115/dmd2017-3443 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Guan-Jhong Lan ◽

Chi-Lun Lin

Keyword(s):

Cutting Force ◽

Tangential Force ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fe Model ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Cutting Method ◽

Tissue Properties

Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) is a widely used technology to sample lesion tissue for breast cancer diagnosis. The technology is designed to retrieve tougher and larger breast tissue samples. The majority of VAB tools utilize a so-called rotational cutting method, in which the cutting needle simultaneously rotates and translates to produce both tangential and normal forces at the cutting surface of the tissue. The introduction of the tangential force can significantly reduce the cutting force measured in the axial direction. As a result, higher quality of tissue samples can be obtained as the samples are less deformed while being removed. The slice-push ratio, i.e. the ratio of the speed component parallel to the cutting edge to the speed component perpendicular to the cutting edge, was previously found to be the most important factor to influence the cutting force [1]. However, these studies only investigated the cases in low translational cutting speeds in a small-scale experiment. In this paper, we present a finite element (FE) model based on surface-based cohesive behavior, which simulates the rotational cutting method used in VAB to predict the progressive damage and the cutting force of soft tissue phantoms. The model is validated using the experimental data provided in the previous study [1]. The validated model will allow us to explore more cutting conditions, such as higher translational speeds, larger range of slice-push ratio, and tissue properties. The model can also be used to optimize design parameters of current VAB needles and to evaluate new VAB needle designs.

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