scholarly journals Protein-bound uremic toxins are associated with cognitive function among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Ping-Hsun Wu ◽  
Shih-Shin Liang ◽  
Mwenya Mubanga ◽  
Yuan-Han Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Manipulation Language ◽  
State Examination

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease have a greater risk of cognitive impairment. Cerebral uremic solute accumulation causes uremic encephalopathy; however, the association of protein-bound uremic toxins on cognitive function remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of two protein-bound uremic toxins, namely indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), on cognitive function in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) for at least 90 days. Circulating free form IS and PCS were quantified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) were used to evaluate cognitive function. In total, 260 HD patients were recruited with a mean age of 58.1 ± 11.3 years, of which, 53.8% were men, 40% had diabetes, and 75.4% had hypertension. The analysis revealed that both free IS and free PCS were negatively associated with the CASI score and MMSE. After controlling for confounders, circulating free IS levels persisted to be negatively associated with MMSE scores [β = −0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.16 to −0.08] and CASI scores (β = −1.97, 95% CI: −3.78 to −0.16), mainly in the CASI domains of long-term memory, mental manipulation, language ability, and spatial construction. However, there was no correlation between free PCS and total MMSE or total CASI scores after controlling for confounders. In conclusion, circulating free form IS, but not PCS is associated with lower cognitive function test scores in HD patients. Thus, a further study is needed to evaluate whether a decrease in free IS levels can slow down cognitive decline in HD patients.

scholarly journals The relationship of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate with target cardiovascular proteins in hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hsun Wu ◽  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Yi-Wen Chiu ◽  
Gabriel Baldanzi ◽  
Jiun-Chi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Indoxyl Sulfate ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractProtein-bound uremic toxins (Indoxyl sulfate [IS] and p-cresyl sulfate [PCS]) are both associated with cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Possible mechanisms have not been elucidated. In hemodialysis patients, we investigated the relationship between the free form of IS and PCS and 181 CV-related proteins. First, IS or PCS concentrations were checked, and high levels were associated with an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 333 stable HD patients. CV proteins were further quantified by a proximity extension assay. We examined associations between the free form protein-bound uremic toxins and the quantified proteins with correction for multiple testing in the discovery process. In the second step, the independent association was evaluated by multivariable-adjusted models. We rank the CV proteins related to protein-bound uremic toxins by bootstrapped confidence intervals and ascending p-value. Six proteins (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 5, complement component C1q receptor, C–C motif chemokine 15 [CCL15], bleomycin hydrolase, perlecan, and cluster of differentiation 166 antigen) were negatively associated with IS. Fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF23] was the only CV protein positively associated with IS. Three proteins (complement component C1q receptor, CCL15, and interleukin-1 receptor-like 2) were negatively associated with PCS. Similar findings were obtained after adjusting for classical CV risk factors. However, only higher levels of FGF23 was related to increased risk of ACS. In conclusion, IS and PCS were associated with several CV-related proteins involved in endothelial barrier function, complement system, cell adhesion, phosphate homeostasis, and inflammation. Multiplex proteomics seems to be a promising way to discover novel pathophysiology of the uremic toxin.

scholarly journals Habitat and social context affect memory phenotype, exploration and covariance among these traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1756) ◽  
pp. 20170291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dalesman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Context Specific

Individual differences in cognitive ability are predicted to covary with other behavioural traits such as exploration and boldness. Selection within different habitats may act to either enhance or break down covariance among traits; alternatively, changing the environmental context in which traits are assessed may result in plasticity that alters trait covariance. Pond snails, Lymnaea stagnalis , from two laboratory strains (more than 20 generations in captivity) and F1 laboratory reared from six wild populations were tested for long-term memory and exploration traits (speed and thigmotaxis) following maintenance in grouped and isolated conditions to determine if isolation: (i) alters memory and exploration; and (ii) alters covariance between memory and exploration. Populations that demonstrated strong memory formation (longer duration) under grouped conditions demonstrated weaker memory formation and reduced both speed and thigmotaxis following isolation. In wild populations, snails showed no relationship between memory and exploration in grouped conditions; however, following isolation, exploration behaviour was negatively correlated with memory, i.e. slow-explorers showing low levels of thigmotaxis formed stronger memories. Laboratory strains demonstrated no covariance among exploration traits and memory independent of context. Together these data demonstrate that the relationship between cognition and exploration traits can depend on both habitat and context-specific trait plasticity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.

MO799IS COMBINATION OF MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS WITH HEMOPERFUSION AN EFFECTIVE METHOD IN MANAGEMENT OF RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY AND INFLAMMATION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amela Beciragic ◽  
Alma Mutevelic-Turkovic ◽  
Amela Dervisevic ◽  
Badema Äœengiä† Roljiä† ◽  
Fahrudin Masnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Osteodystrophy ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Large Molecule ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims Some of the conditions which occur in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with a high incidence resulting in a decline in their quality of life, include malnutrition, renal osteodystrophy, refractory hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation. In developing countries, due to the low level of economic development, low-flux dialysis is the main means of extracorporeal blood purification therapy. But it can hardly remove the middle and large molecule uremic toxins and protein-bound toxins; as a result, the patients suffer from long-term complications and poor quality of life. In this study, we attempted to investigate whether the combination of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with hemoperfusion (HP) could improve the clearance rate of middle and large molecule uremic toxins so as to improve their uremic complications. Method A total of 54 patients, who underwent routine hemodialysis, were assessed in this study. Those patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (27 patients) received combined treatment of HD with hemoperfusion (HP) in this regimen: HD 2 times a week with HD+HP once a week two times in a row, then after two weeks, and afterwards once a month as a maintenance treatment. Group 2 (27 patients) was only undergoing maintenance HD 3 times a week. The clinical and laboratory properties of both groups were followed up for 18 months, whereas the primary outcomes included normal clinical data, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), phosphorus (P04), calcium (Ca), albumin, iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), hemoglobin, Epo doses and types of hypertensive drugs. Results At the end of the 18-month observation, the serum concentration of albumin, P04, hsCRP, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were lower with Group 1 than with Group 2 (p<0.05). Whereas, higher levels of iPTH were noticed in group 1, but when the laboratory and clinical data are analysed of the group 1 alone a statistically significant lower values after the observational period are noticed especially in the serum values of iPTH (p<0.05), P04 (p<0.001), CRP (p<0.011), SBP and DBP (p<0.05). Conclusion HD+HP was superior to HD in regularly eliminating middle and large molecule uremic toxins accumulated in the body which is mostly shown through reducing the values of iPTH and hsCRP. These findings suggest a potential role for HD+HP in the treatment of inflammation and renal osteodystrophy as well, because lowering these values of iPTH leads to a normalization of other minerals which is expected and therefore leads to a stabilization of this long-term uremic complications, which can improve the overall general condition of the MHD patient.

P1286THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEIN-BOUND UREMIC TOXINS AND TARGET CARDIOVASCULAR PROTEINS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chuan Kuo ◽  
Ping-Hsun Wu ◽  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Yi wen Chiu ◽  
Shang-Jyh Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Specific Proteins

Abstract Background and Aims Uremic toxins are crucial non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients, but possible mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we explored the association between protein-bound uremic toxins and 181 cardiovascular-specific proteins in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Method In the discovery phase, we investigated associations between circulating free form IS and PCS and cardiovascular-specific protein levels quantified by a proximity extension assay of 333 stable HD patients with correction for multiple testing. In the second phase, the independent association was assessed using multivariable-adjusted models. The associations of IS or PCS with cardiovascular-specific proteins levels on a continuous scale were also evaluated. Results Free form IS was negatively associated with six proteins (C-C motif chemokine 15, complement component C1q receptor, perlecan, bleomycin hydrolase, cluster of differentiation 166 antigen, and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 5) and positively associated with one protein (fibroblast growth factor 23). Free form PCS was negatively associated with three proteins (C-C motif chemokine 15, complement component C1q receptor, and interleukin-1 receptor-like 2). Adjusting the multivariable models for classical cardiovascular risk factors at baseline yielded similar results. Conclusion Protein-bound uremic toxins (IS and PCS) were associated with several cardiovascular-specific proteins involved in cell adhesion, endothelial barrier function, inflammation, complement system, and phosphate homeostasis. Multiplex proteomics appears to be a promising way to explore novel aspects of uremic toxin pathophysiology.

Progesterone to improve neurocognitive outcomes following cranial irradiation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Derick Okwan-Duodu ◽  
Fahim Atif ◽  
David S. Yu ◽  
Seema Yousuf ◽  
Deborah Bruner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Significant Group Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

128 Background: Neurocognitive functional decline is a common sequalae of cranial irradiation (CI) that significantly impacts quality of life. Preclinical studies and randomized clinical trials show that following traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents, premenopausal women demonstrate decreased mortality and improved neurocognitive function, with these benefits presumed to be derived from progesterone. We hypothesized that progesterone may serve similar role in neuroprotection following cranial irradiation. Methods: Adult non-tumor bearing wild type C57BL/6 male mice were treated with two separate fractionated radiation therapy regimen (9 Gy and 15 Gy) to the brain. Cohorts of these mice were administered progesterone (16mg/kg daily) as a pretreatment for 3 days and concurrent with the radiotherapy for a total of 14 days with tapering during the last two days. The animals were then tested using different behavioral measures for cognitive function including morris water maze (MWM) for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory, elevated plus maze (EPM), , and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) tests. Mice were tested for cognitive function on day 10 and after 30 days of treatment for short and long-term effects of (CI) on memory function. Results: All irradiated mice showed statistically significant decline in MWM, EPM, and SLA measures. There were no significant differences in the 9 Gy versus 15 Gy cohorts. Progesterone administration produced a statistically significant group effect (F (4, 25) = 8.553; P<0.001) in the improvement of long-term memory function over 5 days of learning process. Progesterone administration also demonstrated a significant group effect (F (4, 25) = 8.613; P<0.001) in the probe trial, and a significant beneficial effect (F (4, 25)= 7.993; P<0.001) in short-term memory functional latency to reach the platform. Conclusions: The preclinical data show that progesterone improves radiation-induced deficits in short-and long-term memory functions in adult mice. Further work is required to show if progesterone may show similar clinical benefit in neuroprotection for adults undergoing prophylactic CI or definitive CI for brain metastases or benign intracranial processes such as AVM.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chronic Treatment with Lacosamide and Topiramate on Cognitive Functions and Impaired Emotional Responses in a Pilocarpine-induced Post-status Epilepticus Rat Model

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Michaela Shishmanova-Doseva ◽  
Jana Tchekalarova ◽  
Zlatina Nenchovska ◽  
Natasha Ivanova ◽  
Katerina Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Early Retention

Introduction: Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs can affect negatively the cognitive abilities of patients. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of topiramate (TPM) and lacosamide (LCM) on the emotional and cognitive re-sponses in naive animals and in animals with pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.&nbsp; Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and status epilepticus was evoked in half of them by a single i.p. administration of pilocarpine (Pilo) (320 mg/kg): Pilo-veh, Pilo-TPM (80 mg/kg) and Pilo-LCM (30 mg/kg). Matched naive rats were treated with the same doses as follows: C-veh, C-TPM, and C-LCM. In a step-down passive avoidance test, the learning session was held for one day, the early retention test was conducted on day 2, and the long-term memory test - on day 7. Motor activity and anxiety were evaluated in an open field test.&nbsp; Results: The Pilo-TPM and Pilo-LCM groups increased the time spent on the platform compared to Pilo-veh animals while the C-LCM animals decreased the time compared to C-veh animals during short- and long-term memory retention tests. TPM and LCM exerted an anxiolytic effect in naive rats. The two antiepileptic drugs were unable to alleviate the hyperactivity, but they alleviated the impulsivity associated with decreased anxiety level in epileptic rats. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LCM and TPM have a beneficial effect on cognition both in naive and epileptic rats. While the two antiepileptic drugs can produce an anxiolytic effect in naive rats, they alleviate the impulsivity after pilocarpine treatment.

scholarly journals Students’ Views on the Use of Critical Thinking-Based Pedagogical Approach for Vocabulary Instruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Tariq Elyas ◽  
Budor S. Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Vocabulary Instruction ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Training Courses

This research aimed to explore students&rsquo; views towards the use of a critical thinking pedagogical model for vocabulary instruction. From this end, a questionnaire was utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data to investigate the students&rsquo; opinions about such an educational experience. Data analysis revealed that the meaningful and purposeful critical thinking vocabulary tasks triggered learners&rsquo; motivation while engaging their higher cognitive abilities in solving the tasks and enabling them to reflect on their topics based on their personal and life experiences. This challenging process led learners to have more opportunities for practicing &lsquo;elaborative rehearsal&rsquo;, and as a result, to process the targeted vocabulary deeper. This created a stronger association with the taught vocabulary, which ultimately enabled them to be encoded in the learners&rsquo; long-term memory. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that teachers, teacher educators, and curriculum designers should draw upon the findings of these studies and consider the advisability of embedding critical thinking-based teaching methods across all strata of the EFL teaching system: policy documents, curricula, teacher training courses and the language classrooms.

scholarly journals Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gauffin ◽  
Anne-Marie Landtblom ◽  
Patrick Vigren ◽  
Andreas Frick ◽  
Maria Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Introduction: Cognitive impairments in epilepsy are not well-understood. In addition, long-term emotional, interpersonal, and social consequences of the underlying disturbances are important to evaluate.Purpose: To compare cognitive function including language in young adults with focal or generalized epilepsy. In addition, quality of life and self-esteem were investigated.Patients and Methods: Young adults with no primary intellectual disability, 17 with focal epilepsy and 11 with generalized epilepsy participated and were compared to 28 healthy controls. Groups were matched on age (mean = 26 years), sex, and education. Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks and carried out self-ratings of quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological problems.Results: Similar impairments regarding cognitive function were noted in focal and generalized epilepsy. The cognitive domains tested were episodic long-term memory, executive functions, attention, working memory, visuospatial functions, and language. Both epilepsy groups had lower results compared to controls (effect sizes 0.24–1.07). The total number of convulsive seizures was predictive of episodic long-term memory function. Participants with focal epilepsy reported lower quality of life than participants with generalized epilepsy. Lowered self-esteem values were seen in both epilepsy groups and particularly in those with focal epilepsy. Along with measures of cognitive speed and depression, the total number of seizures explained more than 50% of variation in quality of life.Conclusion: Interestingly, similarities rather than differences characterized the widespread cognitive deficits that were seen in focal and generalized epilepsy, ranging from mild to moderate. These similarities were modified by quality of life and self-esteem. This study confirms the notion that epilepsy is a network disorder.

scholarly journals The Design of Cognitive Training Games for the Thai Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Suchada Tantisatirapong ◽  
Pargorn Puttapirat ◽  
Wongwit Senavongse ◽  
Theerasak Chanwimalueang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
State Examination

Cognitive aging is one of the main public health concerns, often involving a decline in memory and decision-making abilities as people age. Cognitive training games have been widely used to improve working memory as well as enhancing short and long-term memory. In this study, we aim to develop a cognitive training game based on the Thai environment and speech recognition technology. The designed cognitive training tasks were evaluated by performing electroencephalography (EEG) on six elderly volunteers, who passed the Thai mental state examination. The participants were instructed to memorize a series of pictures and calculate simple math questions. The EEG signals of the participants were recorded during training. The participants engaged in four cognitive training tasks over three trials. An increase in training scores was found to be related to a rise in three EEG power spectrum bands: theta, alpha, and beta. Participants expressed the highest average level of satisfaction towards the easiest tasks in the four cognitive training games. This implies that when performing an easy task, an increase in the power spectral density of three EEG bands tends to occur. As a result, the proposed cognitive training game could leverage the working memory of the Thai elderly. The game design can be enhanced by integrating human-based interactive tasks, such as handwriting and eye movements. Its replication on a larger scale should be assessed in the future.

scholarly journals Impairment in Long-Term Memory Formation and Learning-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Mice Lacking Glycogen Synthase in the Brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Duran ◽  
Isabel Saez ◽  
Agnes Gruart ◽  
Joan J Guinovart ◽  
José M Delgado-García
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Synaptic Strength ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

Glycogen is the only carbohydrate reserve of the brain, but its overall contribution to brain functions remains unclear. Although it has traditionally been considered as an emergency energetic reservoir, increasing evidence points to a role of glycogen in the normal activity of the brain. To address this long-standing question, we generated a brain-specific Glycogen Synthase knockout (GYS1Nestin-KO) mouse and studied the functional consequences of the lack of glycogen in the brain under alert behaving conditions. These animals showed a significant deficiency in the acquisition of an associative learning task and in the concomitant activity-dependent changes in hippocampal synaptic strength. Long-term potentiation (LTP) evoked in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse was also decreased in behaving GYS1Nestin-KO mice. These results unequivocally show a key role of brain glycogen in the proper acquisition of new motor and cognitive abilities and in the underlying changes in synaptic strength.

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