scholarly journals Trimethylamine N-oxide and the reverse cholesterol transport in cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bordoni ◽  
Joanna J. Samulak ◽  
Angelika K. Sawicka ◽  
Iwona Pelikant-Malecka ◽  
Adrianna Radulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
And Control

Abstract The early atherosclerotic lesions develop by the accumulation of arterial foam cells derived mainly from cholesterol-loaded macrophages. Therefore, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) have been considered as causative in atherosclerosis. Moreover, recent studies indicate the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current study aimed to investigate the association between TMAO and CETP polymorphisms (rs12720922 and rs247616), previously identified as a genetic determinant of circulating CETP, in a population of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (n = 394) and control subjects (n = 153). We also considered age, sex, trimethylamine (TMA) levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as other factors that can potentially play a role in this complex picture. We found no association of TMAO with genetically determined CETP in a population of CAD patients and control subjects. Moreover, we noticed no differences between CAD patients and control subjects in plasma TMAO levels. On the contrary, lower levels of TMA in CAD patients respect to controls were observed. Our results indicated a significant correlation between GFR and TMAO, but not TMA. The debate whether TMAO can be a harmful, diagnostic or protective marker in CVD needs to be continued.

scholarly journals Comparison between Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Devices in Eyes with High Myopia

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Federico Corvi ◽  
Federico Zicarelli ◽  
Matteo Airaldi ◽  
Salvatore Parrulli ◽  
Mariano Cozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Image Artifact ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

Background: To compare four different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices for visualization of retinal and subretinal layers in highly myopic eyes. Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with high myopia and control subjects were imaged by four OCT devices: Spectralis OCT2, PlexElite 2.0 100 kHz, PlexElite 2.0 200 kHz and the Canon Xephilio OCT-S1. The acquisition protocol for comparison consisted of single vertical and horizontal line scans centered on the fovea. Comparison between the devices in the extent of visible retina, presence of conjugate image or mirror artifacts, visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface and retrobulbar tissue. Results: 30 eyes with high myopia and 30 control subjects were analyzed. The visualized RPE length was significantly different between the OCT devices with Xephilio OCT-S1 imaging the largest extent (p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with conjugate image artifact was significantly higher with the Spectralis OCT (p < 0.0001), and lower with the PlexElite 200 kHz (p < 0.0001). No difference in visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface was noted among instruments. The retrobulbar tissue was visible in a higher proportion of eyes using swept-source PlexElite 100 kHz and 200 kHz (p < 0.007) compared to the other devices. Conclusions: In highly myopic eyes, the four OCT devices demonstrated significant differences in the extent of the retina imaged, in the prevalence of conjugate image artifact, and in the visualization of the retrobulbar tissue.

P4557Factors associated with treatment and control of hypertension in a healthy elderly population free of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Chowdhury ◽  
M R Nelson ◽  
M E Ernst ◽  
K L Margolis ◽  
L J Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction Despite readily available treatments, control of high blood pressure (BP) in the ageing population remains suboptimal. Gaps in understanding the management of high BP amongst the elderly exist, as most studies have been in predominantly middle-aged populations. Purpose We explored pharmacological BP lowering treatment and control among elderly hypertensive participants free from overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), and identified factors related to both “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” high BP. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 19,114 individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled from Australia and the US in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mmHg and/or use of any BP-lowering medication. `Controlled hypertensives” were those receiving BP-lowering medication and with BP <140/90 mmHg. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize hypertension control rates; logistic regression was used to investigate relationships with treatment and BP control. Results Overall, 74% (14,213/19,114) of participants were hypertensive, and of these 29% (4,151/14,213) were untreated. Among those treated, 47% (4,732/10,062) had BP <140/90 mmHg. Participants who were untreated were more likely to be men, have higher educational status, and be in good physical health, and less likely to have significant comorbidities. The factors related to “treated but uncontrolled” hypertension included older age, being men, Black race (versus White), using BP lowering monotherapy and residing in Australia (versus US) (Figure 1). Conclusion(s) There were high levels of “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” BP, in an otherwise healthy elderly population, suggesting that opportunities for better BP control exist through targeting intervention to high-risk individuals. Acknowledgement/Funding National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute at NIH; NHMRC Australia, Monash University, Victorian Cancer Agency (Australia)

T Allele of the DRD2 Taq1A Gene Polymorphism Increases the Predisposition to Drug Addiction in Indonesia Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Ramadhan ◽  
Faisal Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
Zullies Ikawati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Background: Dopamine plays an important role in mediating the rewarding properties in the abuse of drugs. The Taq1A polymorphism is a commonly studied DRD2 gene variant whereby carriers of the low-function T allele (T/T or T/C genotypes) show reduced brain dopamine function. Therefore, individuals who have the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism will experience higher levels of drug addiction because the T allele is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain. A study of this gene has been conducted in some areas but there is no research for the population of Indonesia. Objective: This study will focus on the frequency of DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism in the population of Indonesia and define its association with drug addiction. Method: This is an a-cross sectional study in which 182 subjects are divided into 91 drug-addicted patients and 91 nondrug-addicted control subjects. The genotype analysis was carried out by a modified allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Conclusion: A high frequency of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism between addicted patients and control subject groups. Thus, there is an association between the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism and the development of drug addiction with T allele increases the predisposition to addiction.

Cardiovascular disease in nonagenarians: Prevalence and utilization of preventive therapies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M Mostaza ◽  
Carlos Lahoz ◽  
Miguel A Salinero-Fort ◽  
Juan Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Records

Aims Nonagenarians are a fast growing segment of industrialized countries' populations. Despite a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, there are limited data about their use of preventive therapies and factors guiding decisions regarding their prescription. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the patterns of use of cardiovascular treatments in subjects ≥90 years old. Methods Population-based, cross-sectional study, in all nonagenarians residing in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Data were obtained from their electronic clinical records in primary care. Results Data were available from 59,423 subjects (mean age 93.3 years, 74.2% female, 13.5% with dementia). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 24.1% (10.9% with coronary artery disease (CAD), 13.1% with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 2.7% with peripheral artery disease(PAD)). In primary prevention, the use of statins and antiplatelet agents was 21.9% and 26.7%, respectively. Of subjects with vascular disease 27.7% were receiving a combined preventive strategy (use of antithrombotics, plus statins, plus blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg). Factors favourably associated with a combined preventive strategy were: female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.49), being independent versus totally dependent (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.43–2.65), diabetes (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.68), and negatively, age (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.90), CVD versus CAD (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35–0.47), PAD versus CAD (OR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.18–0.30), dementia (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) and nursing home residency (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93). Conclusion Nonagenarians have a great burden of cardiovascular diseases and receive a great number of preventive therapies, even in primary prevention, despite their unproven efficacy at these ages.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Treatment and Control of Hypertension in a Healthy Elderly Population Free of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enayet K Chowdhury ◽  
Mark R Nelson ◽  
Michael E Ernst ◽  
Karen L Margolis ◽  
Lawrence J Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive ◽  
And Control ◽  
Healthy Elderly People

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite readily available treatments, control of blood pressure (BP) with population aging remains suboptimal. Further, there are gaps in the understanding of the management of high BP in the aged. We explored antihypertensive treatment and control among elderly hypertensive participants free from overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), and identified factors related to both “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” high BP. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from 19,114 individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled from Australia and United States (US) in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly study. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or the use of any BP lowering medication. “Controlled hypertension” was defined if participants were receiving antihypertensive medication and BP &lt;140 and 90 mm Hg. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize hypertension control rates; logistic regression was used to investigate relationships with treatment and BP control. RESULTS Overall, 74% (14,213/19,114) of participants were hypertensive; and of these 29% (4,151/14,213) were untreated. Among those treated participants, 53% (5,330/10,062) had BP ≥140/90 mm Hg. Participants who were untreated were more likely to be men, have higher educational status, and be in good physical health, and less likely to have significant comorbidities. The factors related to “treated but uncontrolled” BP included older age, male, Black race (vs. White), using antihypertensive monotherapy (vs. multiple) and residing in Australia (vs. US). CONCLUSIONS High levels of “untreated” and “treated but uncontrolled” BP occur in healthy elderly people without CVD, suggesting there are opportunities for better BP control in the primary prevention of CVD in this population. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01038583.

scholarly journals Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) I405V polymorphism and cardiovascular disease in eastern European Caucasians – a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Bustami ◽  
Anna Sukiasyan ◽  
Juozas Kupcinskas ◽  
Jurgita Skieceviciene ◽  
Leonid Iakoubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfer Protein

scholarly journals Association of aortic valve calcification with carotid artery lesions and peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Arita ◽  
Masaru Nakayama ◽  
Yuta Matsukuma ◽  
Ryota Yoshitomi ◽  
Makiko Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Carotid Artery Lesions ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reportedly have a high prevalence of aortic valve calcification (AVC). In population-based studies, AVC is considered a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. The association of AVC with atherosclerotic lesions has not been fully investigated in predialysis patients. The present study was performed to determine whether carotid artery lesions and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are associated with AVC in patients with CKD not on dialysis. Methods: In total, 749 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. AVC was evaluated using echocardiography. Carotid artery lesions including carotid artery plaque (CAP) and PAD were simultaneously examined in each patient. A logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors associated with AVC. Results: AVC, CAP, and PAD were found in 201, 583, and 123 patients, respectively. In the multivariable analyses adjusted for covariates including the estimated glomerular filtration rate and makers of mineral metabolism (serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23), AVC was significantly associated with the presence of CAP [odds ratio (OR), 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–7.95], the presence of PAD (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10–2.81), the CAP score (per 1.0-point increase) (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), and the ankle-brachial blood pressure index (per 0.1-point increase) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.95). Conclusions: AVC was associated with atherosclerotic lesions independent of kidney function and mineral metabolism. We consider that this association between AVC and atherosclerosis might reflect the burden of shared atherosclerotic risk factors.

Association of LOXL1 Gene Polymorphisms in Exfoliation Glaucoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham TAGHAVI ◽  
Ramin DANESHVAR ◽  
Zahra NOORMOHAMMADI ◽  
Seyed Mohammad-Hossein MODARRESI ◽  
Mohammad Reza SEDAGHAT
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Lens Capsule ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Exfoliative Glaucoma ◽  
And Control

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) is pathogenetically related to exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), which is the most common type of secondary glaucoma. We aimed to investigate the relationship between LOXL1 SNPs (rs1048661, rs3825942) and XFS and/or XFG in a cohort of Iranian subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated possible association between LOXL1 gene polymorphisms and exfoliative glaucoma in Northeastern part of Iran between May 2014 and May 2015. Sixty unrelated XFS/XFG patients, as well as 40 control subjects, were studied by direct sequencing. In fifteen senile cataract patients without glaucoma and fifteen patients with coexisting XFG and cataract, capsulorhexis specimen of the anterior lens capsule was used to evaluate LOXL1 gene transcripts by Real-Time PCR technique. We analyzed the results for allele frequencies and haplotype association and investigated the relative gene expression. Results: Significant associations between the rs382594 SNP and XFG and between rs1048661 SNP and XFG were observed (P<0.05 for both). The frequency of the G allele in the exonic SNP (rs1048661) appeared to be higher in XFS or XFG patients compared to control subjects (P= 0.0497). Moreover, in the rs3825942 SNP, the G allele was more frequent in XFS/XFG patients compared to control subjects (P=0.0016). The highest cumulative frequency was for the GG haplotype. GG haplotype was associated with increased risk of XFG compared to the rs1048661 G/T and rs3825942 G/A haplotypes. LOXL1 mRNA expression was not statistically significantly different between XFS/XFG and control subjects. Conclusion: We reported the LOXL1 gene polymorphism in an Iranian XFS/XFG cohort. Similar to many other ethnic groups and geographic regions, our results confirmed an association between LOXL1 gene variants and XFG in Iran.

scholarly journals Status of Serum Lipids in Individuals with Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Sharma ◽  
Lilee Shrestha ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Bharat Jha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUNDEpidemiological studies have shown the association between depressive illness with cardiovascular disease (CVD).  Serum lipid abnormality is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to access the status of Serum lipid in individuals with depression.METHODSA cross sectional study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over the period of 16 month from June 2011 to October 2012. A total of 85 individuals with depression and the same number of age-sex matched controls were enrolled in the study.  Depression was diagnosed by Consultant Psychiatrist as per ICD-10-DCR criteria. Serum Lipid profile was assessed from both test and control groups after an overnight fasting. A written consent was taken for anthropometric data and sample collection.RESULTSLarge numbers of depressive individuals were found to have Dyslipidemia. Total Cholesterol, TG was found to be significantly higher in test group compared to control.  The mean HDL-cholesterol was found significantly lower in test group compared to control. No significant differences between test and control were observed in VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.CONCLUSIONSSerum lipid profile abnormalities are found high in individuals with depression. Based on the observation of this study, Serum Lipid abnormalities seen in individuals with Depression make them vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.

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